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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸陽師范學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
The(
)windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.
問題1選項
A.prevailing
B.controlling
C.reigning
D.persisting
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項prevailing“盛行的,流行的”;B選項controlling“控制欲強的”;C選項reigning“統(tǒng)治的”;D選項persisting“堅持”。句意:這個地區(qū)盛行的風是東北風。選項A符合句意。
2.單選題
Inmostcasespoliticiansare____astheyseldomtellthetruth.
問題1選項
A.credible
B.incredulous
C.credulous
D.incredible
【答案】D
【解析】【選項釋義】
A.credible可信的B.incredulous懷疑的
C.credulous輕信的D.incredible不能相信的
【答案】D
【考查點】句間邏輯
【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是政客們,表示的是政客們的特點;后文有一個as引導的原因狀語從句,對此進行解釋,其句意為“他們幾乎不說真話”。根據(jù)原句邏輯,因為政客們很少說真話,所以他們不能讓人相信,D選項incredible“不能相信的”,形容的人是“相信”的對象,最符合原句語義邏輯。
【干擾項排除】
A選項credible“可信的”,與原句語義邏輯相反;
B選項incredulous“懷疑的”,側(cè)重于指一個人不輕易相信某人或某事;
C選項credulous“輕信的”,側(cè)重于指一個人輕易地相信某人或某事。
【句意】在大多數(shù)情況下,政治家都是不能相信的,因為他們很少說真話。
3.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
不列顛的超市業(yè)主們很少如此心懷忐忑地期待著圣誕節(jié)的銷售業(yè)績。在2014年,大部分超市,特別是樂購(TESCO)這個市場領(lǐng)頭羊,過得很艱難。超低折扣商鋪,持續(xù)挖它們的墻角,侵吞他們的市場份額,而下降的食物價格也使得超市的利潤率降低。臨近圣誕節(jié)和新年的幾周通常是超市的旺盛銷售時期,它們在此期間能否喘一口氣?
涂鴉畫可能最終會消失。但是直至現(xiàn)在,這種愛好仍然受到人們的尊敬。一位涂鴉畫家說,他有很多朋友曾經(jīng)癡迷于在火車車皮廂上作畫?,F(xiàn)在有了妻兒,他們只有周末去廢棄的倉庫墻上大展身手。這己經(jīng)成了周日下午的慣例——一種比坐在電視機前看足球略微健康的消遣。
【答案】RarelyhavetheChristmasresultsforBritain'ssupermarketsbeenawaitedwithsuchtrepidation.Mostofthem,especiallythemarketleader,TESCO,struggledin2014.Thehard-discountstorescontinuedtoundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.WouldtheseveralweeksleadinguptoChristmasandNewYear'sDay,generallythestrongestsalesperiod,bringthemsomerelief?
Graffitimayeventuallydisappear.Butuntilnowthishobbyisstillrespectedbypeople.Onegraffitiartistsaysthathehasalotoffriendswhowereonceobsessedwithpaintingonthesurfaceoftraincompartment.Nowwithwivesandchildren,theyonlyhavetimeattheweekendtopaintonthewallsofabandonedwarehouses.IthasbecomesomethingtodoonaSundayafternoon—aslightlyhealthieralternativetosittingwatchingthefootball.
4.單選題
Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.
Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.
Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.
Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.
Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.
Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.
Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.
Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.
Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.
Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.
Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.
1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained().
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein().
4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?
5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter()years.
問題1選項
A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf
B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor
C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney
D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance
問題2選項
A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.
B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.
C.Theriskofcancersteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.
D.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.
問題3選項
A.gastrointestinalcancers
B.esophagealcancers
C.lungcancers
D.pancreaticcancers
問題4選項
A.fourtoeightyears
B.threetosevenyears
C.sixtoeightyears
D.fivetoeightyears
問題5選項
A.15
B.5
C.10
D.20
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文中提到的over-the-counter(OTC)即我們常說的非處方藥,是指為方便公眾用藥,在保證用藥安全的前提下,經(jīng)國家衛(wèi)生行政部門規(guī)定或?qū)彾ê?,不需要醫(yī)師或其他醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員開寫處方即可購買的藥品,一般公眾憑自我判斷,按照藥品標簽及使用說明就可自行使用。A選項“在貨架上的顧客接觸范圍內(nèi)”說法太寬泛;B選項“不需要醫(yī)生的處方”說法正確;C選項“不用付太多錢”說法錯誤;D選項“在醫(yī)療保險范圍內(nèi)”說法錯誤,因此B選項正確。
2.細節(jié)事實。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.(每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上)”;第九段“Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.(這可能對乳腺癌和卵巢癌有影響,但沒有足夠的試驗數(shù)據(jù)來證明這一點。)”;第十段“Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.(羅思韋爾認為,如果人們從45歲或50歲左右開始服用阿司匹林20-30年,他們可能會大幅降低患癌癥的風險,而癌癥風險會隨著人們年齡的增長而穩(wěn)步增加。)”以及第二段“Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.(每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風的風險。)”。由此可知A選項“每天服用阿司匹林可以將結(jié)直腸癌的死亡率降低三分之一以上?!?;C選項“隨著人們年齡的增長,患癌癥的風險穩(wěn)步增加?!币约癉選項“每天服用阿司匹林已經(jīng)被證明可以降低心臟病和中風的風險。”說法都正確,只有B選項“阿司匹林對乳腺癌和卵巢癌有療效?!闭f法錯誤,因此該題B選項正確。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.(這種效果在胃腸道癌癥中最為明顯,死亡率下降了54%。)”。由此可知A選項“胃腸道癌癥”正確;B選項“食管癌”;C選項“肺癌”;D選項“胰腺癌”均不符合題意,因此A選項正確。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirin...afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在患者服用阿司匹林5年或更長時間后,阿司匹林的效果似乎對……更有效)”,由此可知年限的最低值需大于或等于5年的基礎(chǔ)之上,A選項“4到8年”;B選項“3到7年”;C選項“6到8年”都不符合該基礎(chǔ),D選項“5到8年”更準確,因此D選項正確。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.(對于胃癌和結(jié)腸直腸癌,效果是在10年后看到的,而對于前列腺癌則是在15年后看到的。)”,由此可知C選項正確。
5.單選題
Especiallyimportanttomanypeople().
問題1選項
A.thereislegislationagainstpollution
B.islegislationagainstpollution
C.itislegislationagainstpollution
D.legislationagainstpollutionis
【答案】B
【解析】語法題??疾榈寡b。Especially位于句首時,句子可倒裝,因此可把表語和系動詞提前,故B項正確。句意:對許多人來說,尤其重要的是立法防止污染。
6.單選題
Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand()question:
Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?
問題1選項
A.compelling
B.component
C.competent
D.compulsive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項compelling“令人信服的,引人注目的”,B項component“組成的”,C項competent“有能力的”,D項compulsive“強制的”;句意:制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個簡單而又引人注目的問題:為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢?因此A選項正確。
7.單選題
Basketball,(
)1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.
問題1選項
A.whenitwasinventedin
B.whichinvented
C.wasinventedin
D.whichitwasinventedin
【答案】A
【解析】語法(從句)題目。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后一句是真正的主句,所以空格所在句是一個從句,所以排除C選項;從句是修飾Basketball,是被動關(guān)系,排除B選項,which在引導定語從句時,需在從句中充當成分,所以排除D選項;所以正確答案是A選項,是一個表示時間的狀語從句。
8.單選題
TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”
Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.
Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.
Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate(波動)persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.
Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.
Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.
Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.
1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto(
).
2.Soundisproducedby
(
).
3.Decibelis
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?
5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?
問題1選項
A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound
B.amachine
C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist
D.thepilotoftheplane
問題2選項
A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair
B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond
C.thunders
D.aflyingplane
問題3選項
A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves
B.thepressureofradiatingwaves
C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound
D.thespeedofsound
問題4選項
A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.
B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.
C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.
D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.
問題5選項
A.ThePrefixMach.
B.TheSpeedofSound.
C.TheFrequencyofSound.
D.TheIntensityofSound.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中,由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”(馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中,火箭或飛機的速度與聲速的比率”)可知選A。
2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules(聲音是由物體的振動產(chǎn)生的,并通過分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播)可知A選項“物體通過空氣的振動”符合題意。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中,由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.(強度,或響度,是這些輻射波的壓力強度,以分貝為單位)可知C選項“測量聲音強度的單位”符合題意。
4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.(它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化)”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound(聲音的速度)”,然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同,因此B選項“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。
5.主旨大意題。A選項僅適合文章第一段的主題;C選項僅適合第四段和第五段的主題;D選項僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度,中間也有提到,因此B選項“聲音的速度”符合題意。
9.單選題
______theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.
問題1選項
A.Togive
B.Given
C.Giving
D.Havinggiven
【答案】B
【解析】考查given的用法。A項togive不定式;B項given過去分詞作介詞放句首,表“考慮到”;C項giving現(xiàn)在分詞;D項havinggiven現(xiàn)在完成時;句意:考慮到有關(guān)德國經(jīng)濟實力的說法,德國經(jīng)濟實際上是相對較小的,這多少有些令人驚訝。因此該題B項正確。
10.單選題
There’s______whenweshallmeetagain.
問題1選項
A.notknow
B.noknowing
C.nottoknow
D.neverknowing
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我們什么時候再見面還不知道??疾閠herebe句型,橫線處應(yīng)該填名詞,knowing是動名詞,B選項noknowing正確,A選項notknow和C選項nottoknow錯誤。結(jié)合語境,這里沒有永遠都不知道的意思,D選項neverknowing錯誤。因此B選項正確。
11.單選題
Teachingchildrentobe(
)inbothtechnologyandbasicskillslikewritingbyhandisabalancingactthatisasmuchataskforparentsasforteachers.
問題1選項
A.proficient
B.adept
C.capable
D.suitable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。proficient意為“精通的,熟練的”,beproficientin意為“精通于,熟練掌握”;adept意為“擅長于……的”,一般指有技巧的事情;capable意為“有能力的”,常與of連用;suitable意為“合適的”,常用for連用。句意:教孩子們熟練掌握技術(shù)和基本技能,比如手寫,是一種平衡行為,對家長和教師來說都是一項任務(wù)。
12.單選題
Theamountoftabloidinkspilledoverher24-yeardifferenceinagewithhernewboyfrienddoes()her.
問題1選項
A.rankle
B.stirup
C.emaciate
D.whipup
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項rankle“使怨恨;使疼痛;使痛苦”;B選項stirup“激起;煽動;攪拌;喚起”;C選項emaciate“使消瘦;使衰弱;消瘦”;D選項whipup“激起;鞭打”。句意:小報上關(guān)于她和新男友之間24歲的年齡差距的報道讓她很惱火。本句表示“小道消息所報道的事情讓她惱火”,因此A選項正確。
13.翻譯題
WiththeArmisticeof1918,andthepeacemakingof1919(andthe18thAmendmentofthesameyear,thatintheorymadeAmericaa‘dry’nation),theAmericanprose-writerenteredanewperiodofrevolt.Insomewaysthiswasacontinuationofearliermovements.Butthewritersthemselvesdidnotthinkso;theyacknowledgednokinshipwithprewarwriters,exceptperhapsTheodoreDreiser.HenryAdamshadsaidthatthegenerationsinAmericanhistorywerediscontinuous:theyoungerdidnotlearnfromtheolderone,norcouldit.FewofAdams’scontemporarieswouldhaveagreedwithhim.However,hisEducation,whenpublishedinapopulareditionin1918,madeanimmediateappealtoyoungpeoplewhowereconvincedthatiftheyknewnoneoftheanswers,atanyratetheyhadcluesofwhichtheirparentshadnoinkling.SincetheylearnedfromAdams,whowasoldenoughtobetheircollectivegrandfather,itmightseemthathedisprovedhisowntheory.Suchanobjection,though,wouldhavebeenmetwiththeargumentthatAdamscouldmakecontactwiththembecausehewasoutoftouchwithhisownera.Thepost-wargeneration,theLostGeneration—whenhadanyage-groupbeensoself-consciouslyawareofitself?—laideagerclaimtolostsoulsfromthepast.InrevivingsuchfiguresasMelvilleitapologizedforthestupidityofitsancestors.
【答案】【參考譯文】隨著1918年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定的簽訂和1919年調(diào)停的達成(同一年的第18版修正案在理論上讓美國變成了一個“沒有戰(zhàn)事”的國家),美國散文作家進入了一個新的反叛時期。從某種程度上來說,這是早期反叛運動的延續(xù)。但這些散文作家自己并不這么認為。除了西奧多?德萊塞之外,他們不承認與戰(zhàn)前的作家有任何密切關(guān)系。享利?亞當斯稱,在美國歷史上,代與代之間是沒有延續(xù)關(guān)系的:年輕的一代既沒有,也不能向年長的一代人學習。亞當斯的同代人中很少有人贊同他的觀點。然而,當他的《教育》一書在1918年以普及本被出版后,立刻引起了年輕人的興趣。這些年輕人堅信,對于那些父輩們一無所知的問題,即便是他們也不知道答案,他們也至少知道一些相關(guān)的線索。由于他們向在年齡上可充當他們共同祖父的亞當斯學習,他似乎反駁了自己的理論。而這種反駁也早該和亞當斯做出的與之相關(guān)的言論符合,因為他與自己所在的時代沒有聯(lián)系。戰(zhàn)后的一代,即迷惘的一代——有哪個年齡階段的人曾如此清楚地意識到自己?——熱切地聲稱有權(quán)擁有從過去迷失的靈魂。在讓諸如梅爾維爾等人物振作起來的過程中,迷失的一代為祖輩的愚蠢行為進行了道歉。
14.單選題
Chadperformshis24-footaluminumboatpastyoungwillowtreesthatstickoutofthewatersoftheMississippiRiver.Sunshinedancesoffmaples,theirbranchesheavywith(1)springleaves.Buta
(2)inspectiondisclosestroublebehindthebeautifulsight.Rubbishis
(3)inalogjamandhangsfromthetrees’branches.
ForthenextthreehoursChasandhisteampullplasticbags,tanks,bottlesandevenbowlingpinsoutofthewater.Thenthey(4)forapicnictablecaughtinthetrees.
TheMississippiRiverBeautification&RestorationProjectbeganin1997(5)Chad’sone-manefforttopickuprubbishalonga400-milestretchofthe2340-mileriverstarted.Thatyear,oftenworking
(6),the22-year-oldcleaned150milesofshoreline.
Atfirsttheprojectappearedimpossibleanduseless.ButChadtriedhisbesttofindsupporters,andwiththeirsupporting,hesoonhadanew
(7)andafive-manteam—theBoomCraneCrew.Lastyearalonethecrewpulledfromthewater44051gallondrums,1104tyresandenoughplasticbagstocoverafootballfield.Muchofthewastewillbe(8).
“Chad’soperationistheonlyone(9)
inprogressontheriver,”saysMarkoftheMississippiRiverBasinAlliance,a(10)ofenvironmentalgroups.“It’sthebiggestI’veeverseenin20years,andheisinspiringotherstodothesame.
問題1選項
A.ripe
B.brown
C.falling
D.fresh
問題2選項
A.slower
B.quicker
C.closer
D.stricter
問題3選項
A.placed
B.piled
C.trapped
D.thrown
問題4選項
A.come
B.give
C.head
D.arrive
問題5選項
A.when
B.by
C.for
D.as
問題6選項
A.alone
B.hard
C.quietly
D.happily
問題7選項
A.car
B.boat
C.plan
D.crew
問題8選項
A.burned
B.buried
C.used
D.recycled
問題9選項
A.eagerly
B.actually
C.strongly
D.generally
問題10選項
A.lab
B.market
C.union
D.meeting
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
第6題:A
第7題:B
第8題:D
第9題:B
第10題:C
【解析】(1)考查上下文語義??崭裉幮揎椀脑~語是leaves“樹葉”,其前面還有一個spring“春天的”修飾,春天的樹葉應(yīng)是D選項fresh“新鮮的”。
(2)考查形容詞辨析。A選項slower“較慢的”;B選項quicker“快一些”;C選項closer“更近些”;D選項stricter“更嚴格一點”。句意:但是……的檢查揭示了美麗景象背后的問題。只有更仔細些觀看才能發(fā)現(xiàn)美景后的問題,而仔細看的第一步是“靠近些看”,因此C選項正確。
(3)考查動詞辨析。此處為be動詞+動詞過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復合謂語。A選項place“放置;任命;寄予”;B選項pile“累積;堆積”;C選項trap“使……陷入困境;捕捉”;D選項throw“投擲;拋”。句意:垃圾被漂浮阻塞的木頭……,或掛在樹枝上。河道上的木頭會把垃圾圈起來,一起漂浮在河面,因此C選項正確。
(4)考查固定搭配。本句表示:接著他們駛向卡在樹中間的野餐桌。四個選項中只有C選項head才可與空格后的for搭配,headfor表示“向……進發(fā)”。
(5)考查時間狀語從句的用法??崭袂昂笫莾蓚€完整句子,因此空格處應(yīng)填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞,先排除B和C。句中說到的“密西西比河美化和還原項目”開始于Chad的“收集垃圾”行動。因此主句與從句的動作是同時發(fā)生的,排除A選項when,D選項正確。
(6)考查副詞辨析。空格處詞語修飾前面的working因此為副詞詞性。A選項alone“獨自地”;B選項hard“努力地;困難地”;C選項quietly“安靜地;秘密地;平穩(wěn)地”;D選項happily“快樂地;幸福地”。句意:那一年,22歲的他經(jīng)?!ぷ鳎謇砹?50英里長的海岸線。上一句說到“one-maneffort一個人的努力”,因此A選項workingalone更符合文意。
(7)考查上下文語義。文章開頭提到了交通工具“24-footaluminumboat24英尺鋁船”,這里對應(yīng)的交通工具也應(yīng)是船,指Chad獲得支持后,有了新的船和一個五人團隊、B選項正確。
(8)上下文語義。上一句說到,收集的垃圾是“gallondrum加侖桶、tyre輪胎和plasticbag塑料袋”,因此這些垃圾應(yīng)該被recycled“回收利用”,而不是焚燒或掩埋,自然也無法再使用。因此D選項符合題意。
(9)考查副詞辨析。A選項eagerly“急切地;渴望地”;B選項actually“實際上;事實上”;C選項strongly“鑒定地;強有力地”;D選項generally“通常;普遍地”。句意:……查德是唯一一個在河上開展此活動的人。綜合句意及選項可知,此處B選項“事實上”符合邏輯與語境。
(10)考查名詞辨析。A選項lab“實驗室”;B選項market“市場;行情”;C選項union“聯(lián)盟;工會”;D選項meeting“會議;集合”。空格處部分是用來補充說明逗號前的“theMississippiRiverBasinAlliance密西西比河流域聯(lián)盟”,因此只有C選項符合題意。
15.單選題
Belyinghisearlierreputationfor(
)asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore(
)stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.
問題1選項
A.inflexibility...unreasonable
B.impropriety...oscillatory
C.intransigence...tolerant
D.success...authoritative
【答案】C
【解析】名詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項inflexibility“僵化”;unreasonable“不合理的”;B選項impropriety“不適當,不正確”;oscillatory“振蕩的”;C選項intransigence“頑固”;tolerant“寬容的”;D選項success“成功”;authoritative“權(quán)威”。根據(jù)句意‘因為近期采取的更加寬容的態(tài)度掩飾了他之前作為頑固的談判專家的名聲,使得之前批評的人轉(zhuǎn)而開始贊揚他了?!疌選項正確。
16.單選題
TheSmithswentintothedepartmentstoretobuythings,leavingtheircar’sengine()over.
問題1選項
A.ticking
B.tumbling
C.turning
D.running
【答案】C
【解析】tickover進展緩慢;tumbleover打翻;turnover發(fā)動;runover復查。句意:史密斯一家到百貨公司購物,沒有關(guān)掉車的引擎。也就是說車的引擎還發(fā)動著,選項C符合句意。
17.單選題
Thewalkersinfrontcrossedtheledgeeasily,seemingly()ofthefactthattherewasa3000-footdroponeitherside.
問題1選項
A.pretentious
B.remindful
C.attentive
D.oblivious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。pretentious“炫耀的,做作的”;remindful“提醒的,留意的”;attentive“注意的,體貼的”;oblivious“遺忘的;不注意的”。前半句的句意是:前面的人輕松地跨過了巖架,與后文“巖架兩側(cè)深達3000英尺”形成對比,可推測空格處是要表達“好像沒有注意到……”,選項D符合題意。
18.單選題
Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom(
).
問題1選項
A.travel
B.destination
C.instruction
D.seeking
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,“seeking”和“finding”相對,那么填空處的詞應(yīng)該與“journeys”相對,首先排除選項D;其次選項A與之意思相同,也可排除;選項C不符合句意;只有選項B正確。
19.單選題
IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.
Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderofthefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.
Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs—thePlutonomyandtherest”.
Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”,orindeed“theRussianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”,themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.
Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhonebroadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit—helpedmasktheriseofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.
Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amulti-billion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy()
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?
3.Whatcanbesaidofmoderntechnologicalinnovations?
4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath()
5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto()
問題1選項
A.faresquitewell
B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession
C.hasitsownproblems
D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies
問題2選項
A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.
B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.
C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.
D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.
問題3選項
A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass.
B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich.
C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.
D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.
問題4選項
A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich
B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite
C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess
D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich
問題5選項
A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.
B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass
C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates
D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。題干:根據(jù)本文,美國經(jīng)濟_____。第一段第二句提到了美國經(jīng)濟“verydistorted非常扭曲”,排除A選項;第三句中的“Inthewakeoftherecession”說明美國經(jīng)濟仍受經(jīng)濟衰退影響,排除B選項;D選項說到美國經(jīng)濟落后于其他經(jīng)濟體,常識可判斷錯誤。因此C選項符合題意。
2.細節(jié)推理題。題干:關(guān)于當今的超級精英,文章支持以下哪一種說法?“elite”出現(xiàn)在文章第五段第一句和第六段第二句。由第五段中“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”說明是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的發(fā)明使小部分企業(yè)家變得很富有,而非世襲,排除A選項;第六段中“hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy”表明擔心日益擴大的收入差距會給社會和政治帶來影響。因此D選項符合題意。
3.細節(jié)推理題。題干:現(xiàn)代技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能說些什么呢?第五段第二句中提到“Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy…evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy”,說明現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的神奇發(fā)明能使一小部分企業(yè)家致富,使公眾受益。因此D選項符合題意。
4.細節(jié)推理題。題干:作者似乎在暗示金融危機及其后果______。最后一段提到在金融危機之后,許多人不僅生活在富人經(jīng)濟學中,還生活在富人政治中,因此讓美國民眾開始警惕起來。因此C選項符合題意。
5.主旨題。題干:這篇文章的主要目的是_____。本文講述的是美國經(jīng)濟中的貧富差距問題,也就是financialimbalance“金融失衡”。因此A選項符合題意。
20.單選題
Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalch
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