考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven（）ofwealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distribution

B.peace

C.justice

D.section

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distribution“分配，分布”；B選項(xiàng)peace“和平”；C選項(xiàng)justice“公平，公正”；D選項(xiàng)section“部分，部門(mén)”。句意：許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題是由財(cái)富（）不均引起的。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“財(cái)富的分配不均導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)問(wèn)題”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negligible“微不足道的”；B選項(xiàng)discerned“察覺(jué)，辨別”；C選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的”；D選項(xiàng)oblivious“健忘的”。句意：這些外表嚴(yán)肅的人沉浸在會(huì)話當(dāng)中，似乎對(duì)周?chē)须s的人群一無(wú)所知。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.翻譯題

PassageOne

AcapsulehotelisatypeofhotelinJapanwithalargenumberofextremelysmall“rooms”.

Theguestspaceisreducedinsizetoamodularplasticorfiberglassblockroughly2mby1mby1.25m,providingroomtosleep.Facilitiesrangeinentertainmentofferings(mostincludeatelevision,anelectronicconsole,andwirelessinternetconnection).

Thesecapsulesarestackedsidebysideandtwounitstoptobottom,withstepsprovidingaccesstothesecondlevelrooms.Luggageisstoredinalocker,usuallysomewhereoutsideofthehotel.Washroomsarecommunalandmosthotelsincluderestaurants(oratleastvendingmachines),pools,andotherentertainmentfacilities.Thebenefitofthesehotelsisconvenienceandprice,usuallyaround$21-42anight.

Manycapsulesareusedprimarilybymen.Others(especiallyonweekdays)areoftentooinebriatedtosafelytraveltotheirhomes,ortooembarrassedtofacetheirspouseswhentheyareunemployedorunderemployed.

PassageTwo

Youthisnotatimeoflife.Itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowtheheartandturnthespiritbacktodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinite,youandIwillremainyoung.

Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,butaslongasyouraerialsareuptocatchwavesofoptimism,thereishopeyoumayhaveayoungheartat80.

【答案】PassageOne

【參考譯文】

膠囊旅館是日本一種有許多極小“房間”的旅館。

客人用來(lái)睡覺(jué)的空間被縮小為大約2米×1米×1.25米的組合式的塑料或玻璃纖維間。設(shè)施包括娛樂(lè)設(shè)備（大多數(shù)包括電視、電子控制臺(tái)和無(wú)線網(wǎng)連接）。

這些膠囊房間并排堆放，分上下兩層，有臺(tái)階通往第二層。行李通常放在旅館房間外的儲(chǔ)物柜里。洗手間是公用的，大多數(shù)旅館都有餐廳(或至少有自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))、游泳池和其他娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。這些旅館的好處是方便和低價(jià)，通常每晚大概21到42美元。

許多膠囊房間主要為男性使用。還有一些人(尤其是在工作日)常常是因?yàn)楹鹊锰矶鵁o(wú)法安全回家，或者是因?yàn)闆](méi)有工作或者只有部分時(shí)間被雇傭而羞于回家面對(duì)配偶。

PassageTwo

【參考譯文】

青春不是人生的一個(gè)階段。青春是一種心態(tài)；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝；青春是一種意志，是豐富的想象，是熾熱的情感；青春是生命深泉的涌流。

青春意味著在性格上勇敢戰(zhàn)勝懦弱；意味著對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)的渴望超過(guò)對(duì)安逸的生活熱愛(ài)。相較于20歲的青年，它更常見(jiàn)于80歲的老者。沒(méi)有人僅僅因?yàn)闅q月的流逝就變老，只是因放棄理想而老去。

歲月也許會(huì)使肌膚老去，但喪失激情，定會(huì)使靈魂枯萎。憂(yōu)慮、惶恐、沒(méi)有自信，會(huì)使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。

無(wú)論是60歲還是16歲，每個(gè)人的心中都有好奇，都有孩童般對(duì)未來(lái)的渴望，都有源自生活這場(chǎng)游戲的歡樂(lè)。在你我的心底，都有一根天線；只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂(lè)、勇氣和力量的信號(hào)，你我就青春永駐。

一旦天線倒塌，志氣被玩世不恭的霜雪和悲觀厭世的冰層覆蓋，就算才20歲，你也老了；但只要你的天線保持捕捉樂(lè)觀的信號(hào)，即使到了80歲，你也有希望擁有一顆年輕的心。

4.單選題

Thediscussionquicklybecameavery（）argumentaboutincreasingprices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploded

B.roaring

C.boiling

D.heated

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸騰；heated激烈的。句意：關(guān)于價(jià)格增長(zhǎng)的討論很快發(fā)展成為一場(chǎng)非常激烈的爭(zhēng)論。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Atfirst,the（

）ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transaction“辦理，處理；業(yè)務(wù)，交易”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“播送，發(fā)射，傳送”；C選項(xiàng)transformation“變化，轉(zhuǎn)化”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：起初，遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的，但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費(fèi)的巨大的代價(jià)，它終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合句意，表示傳輸彩色圖片，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presumed“假定，推測(cè)”；B選項(xiàng)proposed“建議，打算”；C選項(xiàng)presented“提出，呈遞”；D選項(xiàng)presided“主持，擔(dān)任會(huì)議主席”。句意：會(huì)議由該市市長(zhǎng)（）。本句表示“會(huì)議由市長(zhǎng)主持”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“要定義科學(xué)，我們可以簡(jiǎn)單地把科學(xué)稱(chēng)之為……”。第一段最后一句提到Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類(lèi)的知識(shí)），由此可知D項(xiàng)“分類(lèi)的知識(shí)”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)不相關(guān)學(xué)科的研究”，原文未提及，A項(xiàng)不選。B項(xiàng)“解釋自然現(xiàn)象的一種嘗試”，第二段第四句提到Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.（例如，假設(shè)和理論是試圖解釋自然現(xiàn)象），因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“對(duì)不相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究”，原文也未提及，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)致了顯微鏡問(wèn)世的純科學(xué)是……”。文章中最后一段最后兩句指出oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurescienceisnotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（我們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)；許多獻(xiàn)身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有因?yàn)楹鲆暳怂麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用），由此可知顯微鏡的問(wèn)世是先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，且純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，故B項(xiàng)“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確，由此可知D項(xiàng)“這是應(yīng)用科學(xué)和細(xì)胞發(fā)現(xiàn)的必然結(jié)果”是不正確的。A項(xiàng)“可能導(dǎo)致反科學(xué)、不純的結(jié)果”和C項(xiàng)“并不總是像我們想象的那樣純粹”文中都沒(méi)有提及。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“一個(gè)對(duì)擴(kuò)展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識(shí)感興趣的科學(xué)家可能會(huì)稱(chēng)他的方法為……”。根據(jù)第四段Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（實(shí)際上，發(fā)現(xiàn)新信息有兩種基本方法。一種旨在滿(mǎn)足好奇心，被稱(chēng)為純科學(xué)；另一種則是將知識(shí)用于特定目的。）可以推斷，對(duì)于擴(kuò)展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識(shí)感興趣的科學(xué)家的方法是一種純科學(xué)，因此C項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)”和D項(xiàng)“環(huán)境科學(xué)”文中都沒(méi)有提到。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一種說(shuō)法？”。文章最后一句話提到Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（許多獻(xiàn)身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有因?yàn)楹鲆暳怂麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道，大多數(shù)知識(shí)最終都會(huì)得到應(yīng)用。），由此可知從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用而受到責(zé)備，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)的理論最終都能得到應(yīng)用，故A項(xiàng)“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楹鲆曀麄兊陌l(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)用方面而受到指責(zé)”正確。B項(xiàng)“今天很少有人對(duì)科學(xué)的意義有任何概念”，文章首句提到Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（“科學(xué)”這個(gè)詞在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)被如此頻繁地聽(tīng)到，以至于幾乎每個(gè)人都對(duì)它的含義有一些概念），由此可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)上，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)并不難”，第二段第一句提到Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)也并不總是容易的），可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“務(wù)實(shí)的人能夠理解純科學(xué)的意義和目的”，最后一段第一句提到Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.（有時(shí)，注重實(shí)際的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，只想到它能立即應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。）可知，D項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。從文章大意中可知，全文都在圍繞科學(xué)在每個(gè)人心中的定義與重視理論與實(shí)踐的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行論述，故A項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)與科學(xué)家”更能概括全文。B項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和科學(xué)時(shí)代”，文章只在第三段提到了生物學(xué)；C項(xiàng)“假設(shè)和理論”只是第二段的一個(gè)例子；D項(xiàng)“論區(qū)分事實(shí)與虛構(gòu)”只在第二段提到過(guò)。因此該題選A。

8.單選題

5.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theblouseisabargain.

B.Theblouseistooexpensive.

C.Theblouseiscolorful.

D.Theblouseissofashionable.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Theblousecostmelike8000yuan.

M:That'ssucharipoff.

W:Ireallylikeit,thecolor,thedesign.

M:Fashionreallykillswomen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】推斷題。男士說(shuō)：Fashionreallykillswomen，由此推測(cè)他認(rèn)為這件上衣貴了。

9.單選題

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists?or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof￡768monrevenuesof￡2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思為“文章B開(kāi)始的段落似乎為了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人們普遍認(rèn)為,在過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)或更多時(shí)間調(diào)停這個(gè)交換（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成為該調(diào)停的障礙?？芍狟項(xiàng)“商業(yè)出版商正越來(lái)越被看成是科學(xué)的消極因素”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，僅次于比爾和梅林達(dá)蓋茨基金會(huì)，作去世界上第二大慈善科研資金來(lái)源的英國(guó)維康信托基金會(huì)，也堅(jiān)持要求那些接受它支持的對(duì)象必須公開(kāi)科研成果)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)重要的科研資金提供者”正確.。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(對(duì)期刊出版商的批評(píng)通常歸結(jié)為兩件事，一是他們的過(guò)程需要幾個(gè)月，當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許他們花上幾天的時(shí)間時(shí)，另一個(gè)是因?yàn)槊恳环輬?bào)紙都像一個(gè)小的壟斷，如果他們想提高自己的閱讀水平，這一領(lǐng)域的工作人員必須閱讀,沒(méi)有降價(jià)的空間),可知A項(xiàng)“抗議他們（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高價(jià)格”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干說(shuō)“當(dāng)科學(xué)論文通過(guò)同行評(píng)審時(shí)…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他們（即出版商）組織同行評(píng)審，在該評(píng)審中專(zhuān)家們不具名地對(duì)論文進(jìn)行評(píng)論（但是這些專(zhuān)家如論文的作者樣很少為自己的工作而得到報(bào)酬）)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家將評(píng)價(jià)自己領(lǐng)域其它科學(xué)家的工作”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的確，愛(ài)思唯爾（世界領(lǐng)先的科技及醫(yī)學(xué)出版公司）的利潤(rùn)被許多人認(rèn)為是如此……，以致1.2萬(wàn)名研究者簽名去聯(lián)合抵制這家公司的期刊)。由此推測(cè)egregious的意思為“非常不合理的；過(guò)分的”。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和綠色模式涉及出版前同行評(píng)審，但是第三種模式經(jīng)常不用在出版前進(jìn)行同行評(píng)審”知A項(xiàng)“在前兩種（出版模式）中發(fā)生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）發(fā)生在出版后”正確

7.推理判斷題。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(這些組織的雄厚財(cái)力意味著至少在前幾年這個(gè)期刊將甚至不需要出版費(fèi))及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(幾個(gè)商業(yè)出版商正在試用金色模式的出版)?？赏浦白髡邔?duì)傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)期刊出版商的擔(dān)憂(yōu)”，這為第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科學(xué)出版商沒(méi)有覺(jué)得擔(dān)心的話，那么他們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始擔(dān)心了”提供了論據(jù)支持，故C項(xiàng)“為文章最后一段中的有力的斷言提供了支持”正確。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC醫(yī)學(xué)》（斯普林格的一個(gè)開(kāi)放閱覽期刊）最近公布的調(diào)查顯示開(kāi)放閱覽期刊被引用的廣泛程度和傳統(tǒng)期刊一樣多)中的but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折的對(duì)應(yīng)可推測(cè)“MarkWalport先生擔(dān)心開(kāi)放閱覽期刊相比傳統(tǒng)期刊可能收不到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”，由此知D項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心發(fā)布在開(kāi)放閱覽期刊和存放處上的好論文可能受不到它們應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”正確。

9.主旨大意題。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的話來(lái)對(duì)教授Dijk的研究進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)及文章A全文都在用報(bào)告的方式進(jìn)行敘述,因此文章A是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的報(bào)告文章，而文章B中大多數(shù)段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商確實(shí)也提供服務(wù)”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.還需要解決很多事情”等提出觀點(diǎn)后再論證”知文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，由此知B項(xiàng)“文章B基本上是提出某些觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)議論文，而文章A是一篇簡(jiǎn)單的報(bào)告文章”正確；

10.翻譯題

許多事情不與朋友分享，就無(wú)法自得其樂(lè)，而讀書(shū)則可以。獨(dú)坐家中，卻得以周游世界，了解千萬(wàn)事端的緣由?；钤诋?dāng)世，卻可以與千萬(wàn)年前的先人對(duì)話。讀書(shū)增長(zhǎng)閱歷；哪怕是萬(wàn)里之外、相隔千年，也能感受到他人對(duì)人生的感悟。其樂(lè)融融，唯有讀書(shū)能賦予。未能從讀書(shū)中享受到樂(lè)趣的人，乃貧乏之人：從讀書(shū)中享受最大樂(lè)趣的人，是獲得最大幸福的人。

【答案】Therearemanythingsfromwhichyouwouldnotentertainyourselfifyoudon’tsharethemwithyourfriends.However,readingisanexception.Byreading,youcansitathometotravelaroundtheworldandgettoknowthereasonsofthousandsofthings.Asamodernman,youcanconversewithancestorsfrommillionsofyearsago.Readingcanenrichyourexperiences,asyoucantasteothers’insightoflifeeveniftheylivedthousandsofmilesawayorthousandsofyearsago.Onlyreadingcanprovideyouwithsuchpleasure.Peoplewhocannotenjoyreadingarepoor;Peoplewhogainthegreatestfunfromreadingarethehappiest.

11.單選題

Studieshaveshownthatworkers’desiretobeacceptedbyco-workerscould（

）themmorestronglythanthedesiretoearnmoremoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hamper

B.motivate

C.intervene

D.streamline

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛”；B選項(xiàng)motivate“刺激，激勵(lì)”；C選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉”；D選項(xiàng)streamline“使成流線型”；句意是‘研究表明，對(duì)工人們來(lái)說(shuō)，想要被同事認(rèn)可的欲望比掙錢(qián)的欲望更…?！鶕?jù)strongly和常識(shí)可以確定是‘更激勵(lì)的’，所以B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Themostfamiliarheadachecomesfrom（

）tightnessintheback,headandneck,whichmightbecausedinturnbyexertion,orworryorstress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.monopoly

B.muscle

C.murmur

D.monster

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最常見(jiàn)的頭痛來(lái)自于后背、頭部和脖子處的肌肉緊張，這些可能是由過(guò)度工作、擔(dān)憂(yōu)和壓力造成的。Monopoly“壟斷”；muscle“肌肉”；murmur“低語(yǔ)”；monster“怪物”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Thedisparitybetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa（）thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictability

B.redundancy

C.conflict

D.wisdom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。predictability可預(yù)測(cè)性；redundancy冗余，裁員；conflict沖突；wisdom智慧。強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立性和個(gè)性的教育目標(biāo)與強(qiáng)調(diào)服從規(guī)則并與他人合作的教育目標(biāo)，這兩者的不一致說(shuō)明存在分歧，沖突。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立和個(gè)性的教育目標(biāo)與強(qiáng)調(diào)服從規(guī)則和與他人合作的教育目標(biāo)之間的差異反映了這些目標(biāo)所基于的價(jià)值觀之間的沖突。

14.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“節(jié)制，克制，避免”；reckon“認(rèn)為，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你錯(cuò)在哪里，你就應(yīng)該盡快改正。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。stroke"輕撫,撫摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;諂媚"。句意：對(duì)某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活中最大的樂(lè)趣是花時(shí)間在家里看電視和撫摸他們的寵物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

SinceTomwas（

）fromtheburdenthathadbeenimposedonhim,hebeganto

concentratemoreonhisowninterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exiled

B.e