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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.

2.TheoldexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay________.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat________.

4.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”thewriter________.

5.Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwillbe________.

問題1選項

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.disadvantageous

問題2選項

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.giveplaytotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

問題3選項

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfutures

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomic

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

問題4選項

A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhichbaby-boomersareentitled

B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasuresagainstlaborshortage

C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers’earlyretirement

D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies

問題5選項

A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies

B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement

C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein

D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperiencedemployees

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.(公共政策研究機構(gòu)哈德遜研究所的一份新報告顯示,有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休正嚴重損害美國經(jīng)濟。),可知有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休具有弊端,D選項“不利的”正確。A選項“建設性的”,B選項“意義重大的”和C選項“無定論的”屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.(在今天,62歲退休在經(jīng)濟上是一個理性的決定。)和最后一句Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.(盡管收入通常會隨著工作年限的增加而增加,但35年之后的任何工資增長都會導致社會保障稅的增加,而福利只會小幅增加。),可知許多人希望盡早退休的原因是好處不夠,B選項“最終得到很少的好處或得不到好處”正確。A選項“對年輕一代有害”和C選項“發(fā)揮他們的潛力”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。D選項“闡明社會趨勢”:根據(jù)第一段最后一句ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.(如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)下去,勞動力短缺將會阻礙21世紀的經(jīng)濟增長。),社會趨勢指的是許多有經(jīng)驗的老工人很早就退休了,但這不是他們退休的原因,屬于出處錯位。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第二段第一句指出人口老齡化會加劇,第二句指出年輕人群的增長很少,第三句建議讓年長的技術工人繼續(xù)就業(yè)以維持勞動力數(shù)量,如果不改革,勞動力缺乏的情況會更嚴重,綜合可知,A選項“在不久的將來,將會嚴重勞動力短缺”正確。B選項“嬰兒潮一代對美國經(jīng)濟貢獻很大”:根據(jù)第二段最后一句butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.(但如果不進行重大政策改革,嬰兒潮一代大規(guī)模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。),這里沒有講嬰兒潮一代對美國經(jīng)濟貢獻很大,屬于曲解原文。C選項“政府有關老年人的政策已經(jīng)過時了”:文中沒有提到關于老年人的政策,屬于無中生有。D選項“年長的工人熱衷于將社會福利收入囊中”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第四段第一句提出HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetowork(哈德遜研究所的研究人員認為,聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯誤的,改革迫在眉睫,但他們不同意一項廣受歡迎的提議,即美國老年人必須工作。),可知作者贊同美國老年人必須工作的觀點,隨后在第四段最后一句提出Accordingto…theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet…thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.(根據(jù)華爾街股市的持續(xù)上漲……有證據(jù)表明,嬰兒潮一代將工作到65歲,比前幾代人擁有更多的金融資產(chǎn)。),可知華爾街股市持續(xù)上漲的例子是為了支持上面美國老年人必須工作的觀點,C選項“反駁有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休的觀點”正確。A選項“正在呼吁人們關注嬰兒潮一代所享有的特權(quán)”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。B選項“要求政府采取對策解決勞動力短缺問題”:這里沒有提到解決勞動力短缺的問題,屬于出處錯位。D選項“為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策的無效辯護”:作者和哈德遜研究所一樣認為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯誤,不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段提出有經(jīng)驗的工人提前退休具有危害,第二段提出需要用政策使他們延長就業(yè),第三段指出他們?yōu)槭裁磿崆巴诵?,第四段強調(diào)老員工必須工作,第五段闡述了哈德遜研究所對有經(jīng)驗的老員工提前退休的建議后總結(jié)必須延長有經(jīng)驗的老員工的工作時間。文章在各個方面闡述為什么需要延長有經(jīng)驗的老員工的工作時間,也給出了建議,D選項“給有經(jīng)驗的老員工延長工作時間的可行性”正確。A選項“主張徹底改革政府政策”:文章只涉及到老員工提前退休的政策,沒有提出讓政府徹底改革,屬于偷換概念。B選項“考慮退休后的福利”:這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容,屬于以偏概全。C選項“將哈德遜研究人員所相信的付諸實踐”:作者引用哈德遜研究人員的研究內(nèi)容只是為了佐證自己的觀點,不是想表達的重點,屬于曲解原文。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項fellthrough“落空;失敗”;B選項felloff“跌落;下降;脫落;減少”;C選項fellout“掉落;爭吵”;D選項fellbehind“落后于,落伍”。句意:維姬最近很傷心,因為她上大學的計劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境,這里上大學的計劃不能實施,A選項fellthrough“落空;失敗”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問題1選項

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問題2選項

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問題3選項

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問題4選項

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問題5選項

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國成功殖民北美的過程,所以C選項“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項“英國和西班牙在新世界的競爭”不是表達的重點。D選項“皇家專利頒發(fā)于16世紀”錯誤,這個是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專利。因此C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.(英國第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個人而不是公司控制的。),可知他們自己決定怎樣行動,D選項“他們自主行動”正確。A選項“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”:根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth(他的第一次遠征是在1578年,并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專利權(quán)),可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的,故錯誤。B選項“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒有提到。C選項“他們很快就成功了”:在1578年和1583年分別進行了兩次嘗試,都失敗了,可知進展不順利,故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.(他的第一次遠征……被西班牙擊退。),和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.(第二次嘗試于1583年以災難告終,當時吉爾伯特和他的船在一場風暴中喪生。),可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn),而非兩次,吉爾伯特死于1583年,故C選項“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項“他死于1587年”錯誤;吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終,沒有到達北美,A選項“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專利權(quán)”:根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent(第二年,吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士獲得了專利的續(xù)期。),可知是個人而非公司得到專利權(quán),故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586(在羅阿諾克建立第一個殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國),可知B選項“一些人沒有存活下來”正確。A選項“他們探索了整個沿海地區(qū)”和C選項“他們把這個地區(qū)命名為弗吉尼亞”:根據(jù)文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.(第二年,吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士……贊助了一次探險,探索他稱之為“弗吉尼亞”的地區(qū)的海岸。),可知弗吉尼亞是沃特?羅利叫的,而不是大家這么叫,也沒有探索整個沿海地區(qū)。不符合文章內(nèi)容。和D選項“大多數(shù)人都沒有經(jīng)驗”文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.(在羅阿諾克建立第一個殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國,但第二批殖民者消失得無影無蹤。),可知第一批殖民者回到英國,第二批殖民者不知道具體情況,C選項“在那里的居民命運未知”正確,A選項“在那里的定居者都放棄了,回到了英國”錯誤。B選項“持續(xù)了好幾年”和D選項“被西班牙人征服”文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork()alltheirtime.

問題1選項

A.takesover

B.takesaway

C.takesin

D.takesup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項takeover“接管,借用”;B選項takeaway“拿走,帶走”;C選項takein“吸收,接受”;D選項takesup“開始從事,占據(jù)”。句意:重要人物往往沒有太多的空閑時間,因為他們的工作占據(jù)了他們所有的時間。根據(jù)選項和句意可知,D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Theyare(

)investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

問題1選項

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項implicit“暗示的,含蓄的”;B選項conscious“有意識的,清醒的,故意的”;C選項cautious“謹慎的”;D選項indecisive“猶豫不決的”??崭癫糠质切枰粋€修飾investors的形容詞。后面由who引導定語從句修飾investor,根據(jù)句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…總要對當?shù)睾蛧H市場進行徹底調(diào)查”,判斷可知空格部分單詞意思應該為“謹慎的”,句意為:他們是謹慎的投資者,在做出每筆投資前,總要對當?shù)睾蛧H市場進行徹底調(diào)查。故正確答案選C。

6.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit______beforetheWestwassettled.

問題1選項

A.could

B.did

C.would

D.was

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.could能夠B.did助動詞do的過去式

C.would將要D.was是

【考查點】省略。

【解題思路】根據(jù)as…as可知,此處是比較級,比較的成分應該是相同的,所以第二個as后面的成分應該是asithadthespiritofadventure,但前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)thespiritofadventure,所以后面用助動詞did替代,故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【句意】作為一個國家,美國將不再具有開拓西部之前的那種冒險精神。

7.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

問題3選項

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句,“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”,可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報告顯示,全球變暖每年導致30多萬人死亡,造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟損失??膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報告的具體內(nèi)容,第三段提到了相關態(tài)度和評價。根據(jù)文章第三段,“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”,可知這份報告招致了一些氣候和風險專家的批評,他們對報告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑??膳袛喑鲞@份報告受到了一些氣候和風險專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第五段,“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”,可知皮爾克=表示,該論壇的報告存在“方法論的尷尬”??膳袛喑鯠r.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”,可知SorenAdreasen認為這份報告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計,是針對世界各國領導人,他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會議,就一項新的國際氣候條約進行談判??膳袛喑鯝dreasen認為報告的粗略估計是為了引起世界領導人的注意。因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”,可知Annan強調(diào),談判需要把重點放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上,以幫助他們降低面對氣候災害的脆弱性,同時減少溫室氣體的排放。可判斷出KofiAnnan認為哥本哈根會議的重點應該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候災害的問題上。因此選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Herpeerswereherworstcritics.

問題1選項

A.students

B.equals

C.teachers

D.subordinates

【答案】B

【解析】peer意為同等的人,同齡人。equal同輩,相等的事物;subordinate下屬,從屬。選項B與之意思相近。

9.單選題

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

問題1選項

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項isusedto和B選項wasusedto均表示“習慣于……;習慣”;C選項usedto意為“過去常常,過去經(jīng)常做某事”,有過去常這樣做,現(xiàn)在不這樣做了的意味;D選項hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時。句意:約翰過去抽煙很厲害,但現(xiàn)在不抽了。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意:圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally()ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問題1選項

A.responsible

B.diverse

C.feasible

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項responsible“負責的,可靠的”;B選項diverse“不同的,相異的”;C選項feasible“可行的,可能的”;D選項lucrative“獲利多的”。句意:如果這個項目出了什么差錯,我將追究你的()。本句表達的意思是“會追究你的責任”,因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.

Whenthefurthereducationsectorwas"privatized"afewyearsago,competitionbetweencollegesbecametrulyfierce,atleastinurbanareaswherepotentialstudentscouldchoosebetweenseveralofthem.Collegesappointedhighlypaidmarketingdirectorsandgavethemlargebudgets;someeven"bribed."interestedstudentswithpromisesofhundredsofpoundsiftheycompletedcertaincoursessatisfactorily.

FullycompetitivemarketsbeingaphilosophicalfoundationofBritain'srecentgovernments,itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducation---givingyoungstersandtheirparentsafreechoiceofwheretostudy.However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition.

TheOpenUniversityresearchwasprobablynotflawed---butitsconclusionsare.Thisisbecausetheteamdidnotreallycompareareashavingtruecompetition(asjustdefineD.withareasthatdonot.

But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.

Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.

1.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatcompetitionbetweenschoolsresultsin().

2.Realcompetitioncanhappenonlywhen().

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefreemarketinsecondaryeducation().

4.Theauthorofthepassagefeelsrelievedthat().

5.Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardscompetitionsbetweennearbyschools?

問題1選項

A.higherenrollmentrate

B.loweracademicstandard

C.highermarketingexpenses

D.privatizationoffurthereducation

問題2選項

A.academicstandardisimproved

B.therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

C.studentshavedifferentinterests

D.schoolsofallareashavesufficientbudgetfortheirdevelopment

問題3選項

A.onlyprovidesconsumerswithmoreinformation

B.ismorecompetitivethanthehighereducationmarket

C.meanstherewillbemoreintensivecompetitionthanincolleges

D.isarealsurprisetoBritain'srecentgovernment

問題4選項

A.secondaryschoolshavetomarketthemselves

B.mostsecondaryschoolshavescarceresourcesofstaffandmoney

C.theresearchbyOpenUniversityprovesthatmostsecondaryschoolsarethebestinitsarea

D.schoolsneedn'tprovethattheyarethebest

問題5選項

A.Theauthorisinfavorofvariouskindsofcompetition.

B.Theauthorisindifferenttoanycompetitionanditsresult.

C.Theauthorisnotcertainoftheeffectofcompetitions.

D.Theauthorisagainstinter-collegiatecompetitions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.”大學進行的一項詳細而徹底的研究項目最近報告顯示,他們的證據(jù)似乎表明,附近學校之間的競爭并沒有顯著提高學術水平。事實上,他們的報告傾向于相反的結(jié)果;在競爭最激烈的地方,考試成績實際上可能會下降。可知學校之間的競爭會導致學術水平的降低。故B項正確。

2.判斷推理題。由題干定位到第三段"Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition."附近有兩所學校(之間至少有一些空地間隔開來)相似到足以進行比較,但不同到足以排名,這種情況是非常罕見的。只有在這種情況下,才會有真正的競爭。據(jù)此可知B項“當兩所學校的具有不同的教育質(zhì)量并且兩所學校大致相當?shù)臅r候,才有真正的競爭?!斌w現(xiàn)了原文中的“相似到足以比較,但又有不同之處”。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.然而,第二部門并沒有變得特別有競爭力,同時不可否認,消費者得到了更多的信息,這是一個真正自由市場的一個方面。可知A項“中等教育的自由市場給消費者提供了更多信息”正確。B項“中等教育的自由市場比高等教育市場更有競爭力”和C項“中等教育的自由市場意味著大學將有更激烈的競爭”原文沒有提到。D項“中等教育的自由市場讓英國現(xiàn)行政府很驚訝”與文中“itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducation”這并不令人意外聽到這樣的觀點:上世紀90年代的許多教育發(fā)展將推動我們走向中等教育的自由市場…不符。故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段“But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.但是,讓我們都松一口氣吧。中學最近才開始向市場營銷方向發(fā)展--考慮分配稀缺的人力資源和資金來說服學生,使其相信他們的學校是該地區(qū)最好的。沒有一所學校能負擔得起這樣做,因此,當我們意識到這項研究告訴我們不必這樣做時,我們松了一口氣?!笨芍髡咚闪艘豢跉獾脑蚴茄芯勘砻鲗W校不必證明自己是最好的。答案D

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段“Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.”競爭?我們沒時間了!讓我們把我們的小預算花在教學上,而不是競爭和營銷上。由此可知作者對競爭是持反對態(tài)度的。D項正確。

13.單選題

VinceCable’sdecisionnottocometoOxfordbecauseofapeacefulprotestisoneofthemostcowardlyactsbyaBritishpoliticianinlivingmemory.

問題1選項

A.sensible

B.effective

C.fearful

D.cautious

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.sensible明智的,理智的B.effective有效的

C.fearful懼怕的,膽怯的,擔心的D.cautious小心的,謹慎的(謹慎說話和行事,尤其是為了避免危險或錯誤)

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】cowardly的意思為“膽小的,怯懦的”,指的是因為和平示威而決定不去牛津大學是懦弱的行為,fearful與之詞義相近,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】文斯?凱布爾因為和平示威而決定不去牛津大學,這是人們記憶中英國政治家最懦弱的行為之一。

14.單選題

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad()whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

問題1選項

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項plight“困境,境況”;B選項polarization“極化,偏振”;C選項plague“瘟疫,鼠疫”;D選項pigment“色素,顏料”。句意:他講了一個關于他妹妹的故事,她生病了,沒有錢,()非常悲慘。本句意為“妹妹的處境非常悲慘”,因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

InmyOpinion,agooddealofthe()fortheirsuccessmustgotoJohnFrancis,thecaptain.

問題1選項

A.reputation

B.respect

C.credit

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reputation“名聲,名譽”;respect“尊重”;credit“功勞;信譽”;compliment“贊美”。句意:在我看來,他們的成功主要歸功于他們的隊長約翰。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.Butlet'sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydoforthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingeverydayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmetoenjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,havediscoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.

Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexerciseschedule----amorningrunorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisinbetween—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeat

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