考研考博-英語-安徽公安職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽公安職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Coffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature’sgreatestgifts,itgivesmentalandemotional（1）withoutharmfulsideeffects,andit（2）awealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthebeverageis（3）theirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,（4）somebelievecoffeeisn’tgoodforyouatall.

Well,coffee,likeanythingelse,cancauseproblemsiftoomuchis（5）.Moderateconsumptionofcoffee（6）yourbodywithawealthofantioxidants.Thesesubstancesareresponsible（7）eliminatingfreeradicals.Theyarethechemicalbyproductsproducedanytimeyourbodydoes,something.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserve（8）abufferagainstnegativeelements,iftheyaren’t（9）incheck,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidantsensurethatthisdoesn’thappen.

Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbe（10）either.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumore（11）,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeeling（12）oroverwhelmed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyour（13）.Thestackofworkthatseemedimpossiblebeforeisn’tevenaproblemnow.（14）,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody’sfunctioning.That’swhycoffeeisoften（15）withwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugs（16）tomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegethighoffofcrackorwhentheygetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywon'tbe（17）atall.Butwithcoffee,anindividualgetsacreativeboost（18）stillhelpingtheirbodies.Inconclusion,don'tfeelbadwhenyou’rebrewingyourmorningcupofcoffee.（19）acanofsodaorashotofalcohol,coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumethebeveragein（20）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clean

B.clarity

C.brightness

D.clear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.combines

B.contents

C.consists

D.contains

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.improving

B.harming

C.threatening

D.stimulating

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.bur

C.since

D.while

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.consumed

B.conducted

C.engaged

D.attracted

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.provides

B.attributes

C.absorbs

D.attaches

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.of

C.for

D.to

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.taken

B.made

C.put

D.kept

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.abandoned

C.deleted

D.canceled

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.stem

B.shrewd

C.alert

D.nasty

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.immersed

B.depressed

C.oppressed

D.compelled

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.interpretive

B.relative

C.representative

D.perspective

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheotherhand

C.Inaddition

D.Atlast

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.connected

C.coincided

D.compared

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.intend

B.tend

C.extend

D.pretend

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.deliberate

B.credible

C.accurate

D.functional

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.while

C.before

D.until

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.Like

B.Whether

C.Either

D.Unlike

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.moderation

B.particular

C.meditation

D.standard

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】（1）詞義辨析。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，作動(dòng)詞give的賓語。選項(xiàng)A和D可排除。clarity“清楚，明晰”；brightness“光亮，聰明”。句意：它使人精神和心情明朗，沒有副作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（2）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。combine“聯(lián)合，結(jié)合”；content“使?jié)M足”；consist“由……組成”；contain“包含”。句意：它含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（3）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。improve“改善”；harm“傷害”；threaten“危害，威脅”；stimulate“刺激”。句意：然而，當(dāng)大多數(shù)人喝咖啡的時(shí)候，他們并不認(rèn)為咖啡正在改善他們的健康狀況。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（4）上下文邏輯。空格前句意思為：事實(shí)上，有些人會(huì)覺得有些內(nèi)疚慚愧?？崭窈笠痪湟馑紴椋河行┤苏J(rèn)為咖啡對(duì)身體根本沒有好處。前后兩句存在因果關(guān)系，所以選用since“因?yàn)椤?，可引?dǎo)原因狀語從句。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（5）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。consume“消耗”；conduct“組織，實(shí)施”；engage“從事，吸引，占用”；attract“吸引”。句意：咖啡和其他東西一樣，如果喝得太多也會(huì)引起問題。這里是指過量消耗。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。provide“提供”；attribute“歸屬，歸因于”；absorb“吸收”；attach“使依附，系上”。句意：適量飲用咖啡可以為身體提供豐富的抗氧化劑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（7）固定搭配。beresponsiblefor為固定搭配，“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。句意：這些物質(zhì)負(fù)責(zé)清除自由基。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）介詞辨析。for“為了”；as“作為”；to“動(dòng)作的目的和導(dǎo)向”；with“和，與，用”。句意：它們中的一部分可以作為一種緩沖，來對(duì)抗負(fù)面元素。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）固定搭配。keepincheck“阻止，約束，制止”。句意：它們中的一部分可以作為一種緩沖，來對(duì)抗負(fù)面元素，如果不對(duì)它們加以控制，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康問題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（10）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ignore“忽視”；abandon“拋棄，放棄”；delete“刪除”；cancel“取消”。句意：咖啡因的心理作用也不容忽視。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（11）形容詞詞義辨析。stem“嚴(yán)厲的”；shrewd“精明的，機(jī)靈的”；alert“警惕的，警覺的”；nasty“下流的，骯臟的”。句意：咖啡因不僅會(huì)讓你更加警覺，實(shí)際上還會(huì)影響你的心情。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（12）詞義辨析題。immerse“沉浸，使陷入”；depress“壓抑，使沮喪”；oppress“壓抑，使……煩惱”；compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”。根據(jù)連詞or可知，空格中填入的詞和overwhelmed詞義和形式都要保持一致。overwhelmed“受打擊的”。句意：如果你感到沮喪或受打擊。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）詞匯辨析。根據(jù)空格前的your，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入名詞。interpretive“解釋的，作為說明的，為形容詞”，選項(xiàng)A可排除。relative“形容詞意思為相關(guān)的，名詞意思為親戚”。representative“形容詞意思為有代表性的，作名詞意思為代表”。perspective“形容詞意思為透視的，名詞意思為觀點(diǎn)”。句意：如果你感到沮喪或受打擊的，一杯好咖啡可以改變你的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到了咖啡對(duì)人體的心理產(chǎn)生作用，影響人的情緒。空格后提到了咖啡因可以刺激人的創(chuàng)造能力，前后都提到了咖啡帶來的積極影響，所以前后為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。Inaddition“除此之外，還有……”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）固定搭配。beassociatedwith“與……有關(guān)”；beconnectedwith“與……連接”；沒有搭配becoincidedwith，選項(xiàng)C可排除。becomparedwith“與……相比較”。句意：這就是為什么咖啡經(jīng)常與作家和其他知識(shí)界人士聯(lián)系在一起。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。intend“打算，意圖”；tend“趨向”；extend“延伸”；pretend“假裝”。句意：其他藥物會(huì)使人變笨。又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆鋞endto“有……傾向”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）形容詞詞義辨析。deliberate“故意的，深思熟慮的”；credible“可靠的，可信的”；accurate“精確的”；functional“功能的”。句意：想想當(dāng)人們因吸毒而興奮或因喝酒而喝醉時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生一些事情，因此他們的身體各項(xiàng)功能會(huì)失調(diào)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（18）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂耙痪涮岬娇Х葧?huì)提升人的創(chuàng)造力，后一句提到會(huì)對(duì)身體有幫助，可知前后兩句都是提到了咖啡帶來的好處，可判斷前后兩句為并列關(guān)系。while“與此同時(shí)”可表并列，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（19）邏輯關(guān)系。like“像”；whether“是否”；either“或者”；unlike“不像”。句意：不像一罐蘇打水或一杯酒，咖啡會(huì)讓你感覺很好，同時(shí)保持你的健康。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。moderation“適度，節(jié)制”；particular“詳細(xì)說明”；meditation“冥想，沉思”；standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。句意：記住，一定要適量飲用這種飲料。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B選項(xiàng)strength“力量，毅力”；C選項(xiàng)length“長度，篇幅”；D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分發(fā)揮才能”。句意：沒有外出工作的家庭主婦們總感覺她們沒充分發(fā)揮自己的全部才能。

3.單選題

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather（）cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海倫寫了一本有關(guān)她的父親在死于癌癥之前如何與其作斗爭的書。

考查短語辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)短語的過去式。contendfor爭奪；complywith照做，遵守；recoverfrom復(fù)原，從…重新獲得；fightagainst對(duì)抗，反對(duì)，與……作斗爭。因此D符合句意。

4.單選題

Peoplefromupper（）gatheredtogetherattheauctionyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crop

B.crux

C.cult

D.crust

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crop“產(chǎn)量，農(nóng)作物，莊稼，平頭”；B選項(xiàng)crux“關(guān)鍵，癥結(jié)，難題，十字架形，坩堝”；C選項(xiàng)cult“狂熱，異教團(tuán)體，宗教信仰，膜拜儀式，時(shí)髦的人（或事物），信徒”；D選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，外殼，面包皮，堅(jiān)硬外皮”。uppercrust“上流社會(huì)，上流階級(jí)”。句意：上流社會(huì)的人昨天在拍賣會(huì)上聚集。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepupwith

B.giveawayfrom

C.gobackon

D.losesightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“keepupwith”意為“趕得上；和……保持聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)“giveawayfrom”沒有這個(gè)詞組；C選項(xiàng)“gobackon”意為“違背；背棄”；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)osesightof”意為“忽略；不再看見”。句意：現(xiàn)在，我們的政府提倡無論我們做什么或與任何人交往都要講信用。一旦你食言，你就會(huì)失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)。由題干可知，loseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation（失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)），說明我們沒有做到言而有信，違背了自己說的話，別人就不再信任我們。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.seduce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)induce“導(dǎo)致”；B選項(xiàng)deduce“推論”；C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少”；D選項(xiàng)seduce“誘惑”。句意：沒有什么能讓伊麗莎白放棄教育事業(yè)。本句表示導(dǎo)致某人放棄。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牽涉D.weaver織布工；編織工

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐漸混合于（某一更大的群體）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)，是一個(gè)大群體。B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的家人試圖融入白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)。

8.單選題

Don'ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（）withthefacts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。symmetrical“勻稱的，對(duì)稱的”；comparative“比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹?；compatible“可兼容的”；harmonious“和諧的”。句意：不要再相信演講者了，因?yàn)樗谘葜v中所講的永遠(yuǎn)與事實(shí)不符。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則，要不然”時(shí)，其后的句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對(duì)過去的虛擬，故空格處用過去完成時(shí)。句意：你沒有多穿衣服，否則就不會(huì)感冒了。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs？

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen（）

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line4,Para.5)showsthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

B.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

C.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

D.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

B.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

C.areexposedtomorestress.

D.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.durableandfrequent.

C.irregularandviolent.

D.trivialandrandom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

C.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？根據(jù)原文第一段的第二句Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen…（與男性相比，女性在面對(duì)壓力時(shí)特別容易患上抑郁癥和焦慮癥）以及第二段第一句Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.（對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類的研究表明，性激素會(huì)以某種方式影響應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，使處于壓力下的女性比處于相同條件下的男性產(chǎn)生更多的觸發(fā)化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“從生理上來看，女性更容易受到壓力的影響”表述正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是：Dr.Yehuda的研究表明女性……。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.（女性壓力大的原因除了是因?yàn)榧に卦黾訉?dǎo)致壓力大外，還因?yàn)樵黾恿嗽斐蓧毫Φ摹皺C(jī)會(huì)”。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)承受更多的壓力”正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，女性面臨的壓力往往是？根據(jù)第四段第二句…womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.（女性所面臨的壓力更多是慢性或重復(fù)性的性質(zhì)。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)的“持久的，頻繁的”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“家庭內(nèi)部的，暫時(shí)性的”；C選項(xiàng)“不規(guī)律的，暴力的”；D選項(xiàng)“瑣碎的，偶然的”均不正確。

4.語義推斷題。題目問的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根據(jù)原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，Alvarez作為單身母親，有很大的生活壓力，她要照顧十幾歲的孩子，還要工作，付房租，付汽車費(fèi)用，還要還債務(wù)。由此可見，她的工資早已捉襟見肘，難以支撐家庭開支。選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是：這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是？本文通過講述兩性在生理以及實(shí)際生活中的差異，描述了女性在壓力面前的表現(xiàn)，側(cè)重分析了女性壓力大的主要原因。A選項(xiàng)沒有集中于體現(xiàn)男女之間的差異，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)只是表明男女之間在壓力方面存在差異，并未側(cè)重表現(xiàn)女性要面對(duì)更多壓力；C選項(xiàng)表示只是屬于造成壓力的其中一個(gè)因素，不能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語從句的主語為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認(rèn)為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見跡象，而且也有助于感覺本身。

12.單選題

Shelaterconfessedthatshedidn’treallyworkoutthesolutionbyworkinghardonit.Insteadshe（）itwhenshewasdoingsomethingelse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellbackon

B.stumbleupon

C.fellshortof

D.squeezeoutof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組含義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellbackon“依賴；依靠于……”；B選項(xiàng)stumbleupon“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)fellshortof“缺乏；達(dá)不到”；D選項(xiàng)squeezeoutof“榨出；擠出”。句意：她承認(rèn)她并不真的是因?yàn)榕λ伎级贸龅姆桨?，而是在做其他事情的時(shí)候……想到的。說明她想出的方案是碰巧靈感來了才出現(xiàn)的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信，

近期在上述地址開展的維修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外；withthepurposeof目的是；withreferenceto關(guān)于；withaviewto為了。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Myshoulderhurt（）eachtimeIputanotherfullbarrelonit,andmylegsoccasionallytrembledasIwasheadingtothestreet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wickedly

B.typically

C.ultimately

D.vainly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。wickedly“惡劣地，居心叵測的”；typically“代表性地，作為特色地”；ultimately“最后，根本”；vainly“徒勞地，無益地”。句意：每次我把裝滿東西的桶放我肩上時(shí)，我的肩膀就疼得厲害，當(dāng)我走向街頭時(shí)，我的腿也是不是打顫。能修飾hurt的只有wickedly。故A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’sresultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployerswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployers,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuch’sargumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminationagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

26.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterEXCEPT________.

27.Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

28.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradictwhichofthefollowing?

29.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromsuppliers

B.discriminationfromconsumers

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,withequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;governmentemployersdonotdiscriminate.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SometentativeresultsofFuchs’sstudy.

B.SomeexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy.

C.Asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.Fuchs’shypothesis.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

B.Governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment.

C.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

D.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TherelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen’sEarnings

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen’sChoiceofTypeofEmployment

C.TherelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen’sEarningsasComparedtoWomen’sEarnings

D.TheNecessityforEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)一二句OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費(fèi)者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。此外，個(gè)體戶女性可能比男子更難獲得好雇員，并可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視。），可知個(gè)體戶女性會(huì)受到來自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視，也不容易雇到好員工，所以A選項(xiàng)“供應(yīng)商的歧視”，B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的歧視”和C選項(xiàng)“在獲得好員工方面存在的問題”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“在獲得政府援助方面的問題”：文章沒有提到政府在援助方面對(duì)女性的歧視，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)一二句Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.（這些結(jié)果并不能證明政府不歧視婦女。但是，它們確實(shí)表明，如果政府歧視婦女，這種歧視對(duì)婦女收入的影響并不像在私營部門的歧視那樣大。）可知B選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入有更大的影響。”正確。所以A選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，對(duì)婦女的收入有同樣的影響?！保珻選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入有更大的影響?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主不歧視”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句self-employedwomen…mayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions（個(gè)體戶女性……可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視），這是作者的觀點(diǎn)，所以C選項(xiàng)“作者的意見”正確。A選項(xiàng)“富克斯研究的假設(shè)結(jié)果”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Totestthishypothesis,Brown…anddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.（為了驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè)，布朗……并將他們分為三類：私營企業(yè)雇員、政府雇員和個(gè)體經(jīng)營者。），這里沒有提到研究結(jié)果，也與金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果”：OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費(fèi)者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。），可知布朗的研究結(jié)果不表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)歧視女性，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“福克斯的假設(shè)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.（?？怂购蜕２鞫继岢?，消費(fèi)者歧視對(duì)個(gè)體經(jīng)營婦女收入的影響可能大于政府或私人雇主歧視對(duì)女性雇員收入的影響。），可知?？怂沟募僭O(shè)和金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.（對(duì)男性來說，自營職業(yè)收入最高，其次是私人職業(yè)，政府工作收入最低。），可知D選項(xiàng)“政府就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，私人就業(yè)，政府就業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)“政府就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)”和C選項(xiàng)“私人就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)、政府就業(yè)”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.（歧視程度的差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致與雇主類型有關(guān)的收入差異。），后文對(duì)此展開具體的闡述，所以A選項(xiàng)“政府雇主、私人雇主和消費(fèi)者的歧視對(duì)婦女收入的相對(duì)影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“歧視如何影響婦女選擇就業(yè)類型”：文中沒有提到歧視和選擇就業(yè)的直接聯(lián)系，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與女性收入相比，私人雇主歧視對(duì)男性收入的相對(duì)影響”：文章沒有提到對(duì)男性的歧視。D選項(xiàng)“自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中收入差異的必要性”：文章沒有說到收入差距的必要性，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（

）attitudetowardcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“公正的”；B選項(xiàng)“溫和的”；C選項(xiàng)“敵對(duì)的，敵意的”；D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)的”。句意：經(jīng)理訓(xùn)斥了其中一位女銷售一頓，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)客戶的（）態(tài)度。

如果女孩的態(tài)度好的話，經(jīng)理就不會(huì)訓(xùn)斥她，所以答案排除A，B；D選項(xiàng)一般是處于對(duì)立的雙方才會(huì)用的形容詞，而顧客和客戶的關(guān)系并不是對(duì)立的，而且這里形容的是態(tài)度，所以答案選C，惡意的態(tài)度。

17.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：警察盤問那人時(shí)，他否認(rèn)偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語denydoingsth.確定非謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingstolen符合題意。沒有denytodosth.的用法，A選項(xiàng)tohavestolen和B選項(xiàng)tosteal錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)havingbeenstealing沒有這個(gè)用法，語法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theword“biodiversity”isatermheardwithincreasingfrequencyintheongoingdebateoverhowbesttoprotecttheworld’senvironment,andmorespecifically,howtopreserveitsrapidlydwindlingnumbersofplantandanimalspecies.Inverygeneralterms,“biodiversity”referstothenumberofplantandanimalspeciesthatcanbefoundinaparticularhabitatorecosystem.Thisisapparentlyaverysimpleconcept,butthesimplicityofitbeliesitssignificance.Abetterpopularunderstandingoftherealmeaningofbiodiversityandofitsimportancetothecircumstancesinwhichwepresentlyfindourselvesiscriticaltothesuccessofeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andthereforeessentialtoourownsurvival.

Globalbiodiversity,whichisthetotalnumberofplantandanimalspeciesexistingontheplanetatanyonetime,canonlybeestimated;andonlyveryroughlyestimatedatthat.Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered.Someofthese,suchasinsectsandmicroscopiclife,aresmallenoughtohaveescapedournotice,whileothersdwellinareaswehaveonlybeguntoexplore;thespeciesinhabitingthedeepestoceandepths,forexample.Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.Thecurrentbestestimateissomewhereintheneighborhoodof100to200millionspecies.

Thisnumber,whileitmaybeofsomeinteresttononscientists,isn’tofmuchrealvaluetoresearchers.Theyaregenerallymoreconcernedwithlocalbiodiversity.Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.

Ofcourse,itisthisvalue—themeasureoflocalbiodiversity—thatismostusefulforanyoneconcernedwithassessingthehealthofanecosystemorprotectingitfromdestruction.Inmeasuringthebiodiversityofaparticularecosystem,biologistsareusuallyquiteimpartialwhenweighingtherelativesignificanceofeachspecies.Mostareassignedavalueofone,thetotalnumberofspeciesthenrepresentingthetargetvalue.However,therearetwoconditionsunderwhichonespeciesmaybeweightedmoreheavilythanothers.Thiswouldcertainlybethecaseforanyspeciesthatbyvirtueofitsgeneticuniquenesswouldconstituteaspeciallosstotheglobalgenepoolintheeventofitsextinction.Thetuataraisagoodexampleofjustsuchaspecies.Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.

Aspeciesmaybeaccordedbonuspointsinthebiodiversityequationforanotherreasonaswell;itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.AnexampleofthiswouldbetheCaliforniaseaotter.[A]Thepreferredfoodofthisspeciesofmarinemammalistheseaurchin;amarineinvertebrate,whichfeedsonacertaintypeofseagrassknownaskelp.[B]Wereitnotfortheotter’scontributionincontrollingtheseaurchinpopulation,theunderseakelpforestwouldsurelybedecimatedbyadramatic