考研考博-英語-安徽商貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽商貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲，物質(zhì)最基本的組成部分，以及生命的奇跡。

與此同時，今天，人類所做的事情及沒能做到的事情，不僅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。

全球化使世界變得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗問題提醒我們，更小、更快的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們正處在一個知識爆炸的世界之中，但卻迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出變得愈來愈短，即時信息排擠了散雜文，個人生活變得更加瘋狂，這個世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。

基于所有這些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加堅(jiān)信大學(xué)的獨(dú)特和不可替代的使命。

2.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill（

）theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。enhance提高，增加；lubricate加潤滑油，使?jié)櫥籬ustle推搡，硬擠；unveil揭去…的面罩。句意：這周十位頂級設(shè)計(jì)師將在時尚展上揭開她們秋季作品的面紗。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

3.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會影響一個人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。?。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時，體重又會恢復(fù)增長）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個主要的健康風(fēng)險。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

4.單選題

Therenownedpsychologistvolunteeredtotakepartinasmall（）tophotographwildanimalsintherainforest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expenditure

B.expertise

C.exposition

D.expedition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)expenditure“支出；經(jīng)費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“專門知識；專家的意見”；C選項(xiàng)exposition“博覽會；闡述；展覽會”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“遠(yuǎn)征；探險隊(duì)；迅速”。句意：這位著名的心理學(xué)家自愿加入一個小探險隊(duì)去拍攝熱帶雨林的野生動物。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Weliveinanincreasinglydeodorizedworld.Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.

Asuddenspateofscentedtechnologiespromisestoreversethetrendbysimulatingscentsforconsumers.Althoughscentedtechnologieshavebeenderidedasgimmicks,failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories,they’reproofthatsomethingisliterallyintheairanditmightevensmelllikerosesemanatingfromawristwatchtotellyouthatit’s3o’clock.

MoresophisticatedandambitiousistheoPhone(“o”for“olfactory”).DevelopedbyHarvardengineeringprofessorDavidEdwards,alongwithhisstudentsRachelFieldandAmyYinandahandfulofdesignersandartistsatLeLaboratoirethinktankinParis,theoPhone,initsrealizedstate,willallowuserstosendthescentequivalentofsentencesandparagraphs,thankstooChipsthatcanproducehundredsandeventually,thousandsofodorsignals.Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofthenose.TheoPhonewillbecommerciallyavailableinthefuture.

Scentedtechnologieshavetheirdetractors.Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.(Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.)Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.Describinganearlyscentedtechnologythatlostfundingthe2001Digiscents’iSmell,whichwassupposedtoconnecttoyourPC’sUSBporttoprovideanolfactorydimensiontotheInternetexperience,awriterforCnameditoneofthe50worstfailsintechhistory,claiming,“Wecan’tseewhyanyonewouldneedoneofthesefatalflaws:Ridiculousconcept.”

Butperhapsratherthanseeingattemptsaddingscenttotechnologyasasignofourseparationfromreality,orcomplainingthattheydon’tfulfillanurgentneed,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.

46.Whichofthefollowinghasgotlegislativeattentionaccordingtothepassage?

47.Accordingtothepassage,scentedtechnology______.

48.Accordingtothepassage,thenoveltyofoPhoneisthat______.

49.Accordingtothepassage,someopposedtothescentedtechnologiesfortheythink______.

50.Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbetheattitudeofthewritertoscentedtechnologies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Smellyfood

B.Scentedproducts

C.Offensivebodyodor

D.Peoplewearingperfumes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasnotbeenofficiallycategorized

B.hasdonesomethingintheair

C.isnotregardedasanewtechnology

D.isregardedassomethingmysterious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.odorsignalswillberecorded

B.noselanguagewillbecreated

C.engineeringandartareunited

D.scentequivalenceareinvented

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisadangertolosefunding

B.peopleprefertoliveconventionally

C.rosescentmaynevercomeoutofphones

D.peoplemaylosechancetoenjoyrealitydirectly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistic

B.Realistic

C.Romantic

D.Indifferent

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)受到法律關(guān)注？”。第一段提到Inrecentyears,lawshavebeenpassedprohibiting“offensive”bodyodorinpublicspacessuchaslibraries,aswellaspoliciesthatbanthewearingofscentedproductsorperfumestowork.Someofficeemployeesarenotevenallowedtobring“smelly”foodtowork.（最近幾年，政府通過了一些法律，禁止在圖書館等公共場所散發(fā)“令人厭惡的”體臭，還出臺了一些政策，禁止在上班時使用有香味的產(chǎn)品或香水。有些辦公室員工甚至不允許帶“有味道”的食物去上班），由此可知，受到法律禁止和關(guān)注的是offensivebodyodor，其他選項(xiàng)雖然有提及，但是只是一些政策，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“氣味技術(shù)是怎樣的？”。從第二段第二句話中failinginboththesmellandtechnologycategories（嗅覺和技術(shù)都不過關(guān)），可以得知?dú)馕都夹g(shù)并沒有被正式的定位它的類別，它在氣味和技術(shù)行業(yè)類別中都沒有得到認(rèn)可；B項(xiàng)“對空氣做了點(diǎn)什么”，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是通過一些氣味信號來使人感覺到氣味，沒有對空氣做什么；C項(xiàng)“沒有被視為一種新科技”，文中只是說這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是玩笑，但是有研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研究；D項(xiàng)“被視為某種神秘的東西”，沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“oPhone的新穎之處在哪里？”。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thesequencingcouldcreateanewlanguageofnose（氣味信號的排序可以創(chuàng)造一門新的鼻子語言），可以看出oPhone可以創(chuàng)造出一種鼻子語言；題干問“oPhone的新穎之處是什么”，A項(xiàng)“氣味信號將被記錄”、C項(xiàng)“工程和藝術(shù)是統(tǒng)一的”和D項(xiàng)“發(fā)明了氣味等效”均不是它的新穎之處，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“這些對氣味技術(shù)持反對的人認(rèn)為……？”。根據(jù)第四段第二句Anti-techfolksseethesetechnologiesaspartofanongoingefforttoalienateusfromenjoyinganunmediatedrelationtoreality.（反對者們認(rèn)為這樣的技術(shù)將會把我們與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界隔離）；可知反對者認(rèn)為人們會直接脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)。A項(xiàng)“失去資金的危險”沒有提到，B項(xiàng)“人們更喜歡傳統(tǒng)的生活”，文中只提到Andthentherearethetechpuristswhoseemtomeasurethedevicesonlyintermsoftheirconventionalutility.（一些技術(shù)純粹主義者，他們似乎只根據(jù)這些設(shè)備的傳統(tǒng)用途來衡量它們），沒有提及傳統(tǒng)生活；C項(xiàng)“玫瑰香味從來不會從手機(jī)里面?zhèn)鞒鰜怼?，根?jù)句子Stopandsmelltherosesonarosebush,theywouldsay,notthesimulated,rose-scentpuffingfromyourphone.（他們會說，停下來，聞聞玫瑰叢上的玫瑰，而不是手機(jī)里模擬的玫瑰香味）可知，氣味技術(shù)是通過香味模擬而傳達(dá)氣味，反對者用玫瑰的例子只是來說明人們會與現(xiàn)實(shí)脫離。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“作者對這項(xiàng)氣味技術(shù)的態(tài)度是什么？”。最后一段指出But…,weshouldseetheseeffortsasarapprochementbetweentechnologyandsmell,andatriumphforourolfactorysensethatsomewouldrepress.Freeyournoseandyourmindwillfollow.（或許我們不應(yīng)該把氣味添加到技術(shù)中的嘗試看作是我們脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的標(biāo)志，或者抱怨它們不能滿足我們的迫切需求，但是我們應(yīng)該把這些努力看作是對科技和氣味友好關(guān)系的建立，是被壓制的嗅覺的一種勝利；隨之而來的是你的鼻子和心靈的自由）；由這一段話可以得出作者對這樣的技術(shù)是持支持的態(tài)度，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thetermindustrialdesignwas________in1919bytheAmericanindustrialdesignerJosephSinel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.coined

C.inspired

D.inserted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.originated起源，發(fā)源B.coined創(chuàng)造，獨(dú)撰

C.inspired激勵，鼓舞D.inserted插入，嵌入

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處前面有be動詞was，和動詞的過去分詞形式共同構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，動作的執(zhí)行者是“美國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師約瑟夫?西內(nèi)爾”，動作的承受者是“工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這個術(shù)語（term）”，由此可知，本句表達(dá)的是以前并沒有工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這個詞，是約瑟夫?西內(nèi)爾在1919年提出來的。coin指創(chuàng)造一個新的詞或短語，然后其他人開始使用，因此B選項(xiàng)coined“創(chuàng)造，獨(dú)撰”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)originated“起源，發(fā)源”指在某一特定的地方或情況中首次發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)，不能和“term（術(shù)語）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)inspired“激勵，鼓舞”指給某人做某事的欲望、信心或熱情，不能和“term（術(shù)語）”進(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)inserted“插入，嵌入”指把某物放入另一物中或夾在兩物之間，不能和“term（術(shù)語）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這個術(shù)語是由美國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師約瑟夫?西內(nèi)爾在1919年創(chuàng)造的。

7.單選題

TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffectsagoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseenispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath,“It’slikesurgery，’’hesays,“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassertingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompletelymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”

1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecanlearnthat（）_.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis（）.

4.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain

B.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

C.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

D.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.

B.Modemmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.

C.TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.

D.Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prolongedmedicalprocedures

B.inadequatetreatmentofpain

C.systematicdrugabuse

D.insufficienthospitalcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.managetheirpatientsincompetently

B.givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded

C.reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients

D.prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain”，可知近年來，醫(yī)生們使用大劑量嗎啡來緩解晚期病人的疼痛。A選項(xiàng)中usedto表示過去，時間上與原文不符，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffect,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects”，可知最高法院實(shí)際上支持“雙重效果”的醫(yī)學(xué)原則，這是一個有著幾百年歷史的道德原則，它認(rèn)為一個行為有兩種效果，可判斷出“最高法院強(qiáng)烈反對醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺”是不正確的，選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，文章提及憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利，并未提及病人沒有憲法賦予的自殺權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide”，可知沒有憲法賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利，可判斷出醫(yī)生協(xié)助垂死的人自殺仍然是非法的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide”，可知沒有憲法賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利，并沒有提及他們使病人受到了死亡的威脅將被判有罪。選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第六段，“modemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.”，可知現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長了死亡的身體痛苦，可推斷出現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)并不能幫助絕癥患者無痛康復(fù)。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第五段，“aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath”，可知只要醫(yī)生開藥方是出于合法的醫(yī)療目的，即使是為了加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生也沒有做任何違法的事情?？赏茢喑鲠t(yī)生的用藥以他的意圖為依據(jù)。選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.”，可知對疼痛治療不足和無效強(qiáng)制性醫(yī)療程序是臨終護(hù)理的兩個問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompletelymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”，可知許多醫(yī)生似乎并不關(guān)心他們的病人所遭受的不必要的、可預(yù)見的痛苦，這些痛苦都是由于管理不善造成的，應(yīng)該要吊銷執(zhí)照。可判斷出GeorgeAnnas認(rèn)為延長病人不必要的痛苦的醫(yī)生應(yīng)受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查固定詞組的含義,四個選項(xiàng)中,snatchup奪取,搶奪;catchon理解,多用于口語中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警覺,小心。句意：約翰說他不是很理解,讓我再重復(fù)一遍說過的話。因此,本題選B。

9.單選題

Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’sguilt,butin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hollow

B.empty

C.void

D.vain

【答案】D

【解析】invain為固定搭配,表示“徒勞的”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項(xiàng)外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不關(guān)心音樂主題的發(fā)展，而是完整地、完整地設(shè)定一個主題，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來。拉格泰姆樂曲的張力來自于兩種基本元素之間的對立:鋼琴師左手彈連續(xù)低音(爵士音樂家稱之為“boom-chickbass”)和右手彈有旋律的切分低音?？芍狣項(xiàng)“音樂主題的全面發(fā)展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“切分音”和B項(xiàng)“與旋律線不同的低音線”，C項(xiàng)“旋律強(qiáng)度不斷上升”這段均有提及。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有時有人指責(zé)拉格泰姆是機(jī)械的。例如，威爾弗雷德?米勒斯評論道，“拉格泰姆被轉(zhuǎn)移到自動鋼琴上，即使不是機(jī)器演奏，也應(yīng)該像機(jī)器演奏一樣具有細(xì)致的精確度?！比欢?，我們沒有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造者對拉格泰姆音樂使用了機(jī)械錄音的方法（這是當(dāng)時記錄鋼琴演奏的唯一方法）就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的。拉格泰姆音樂不是機(jī)械的精度，也不局限于精度的表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一種定義明確的形式，并在該形式中遵循簡單的規(guī)則?？芍狢項(xiàng)“混淆了錄音的手段和音樂的本質(zhì)特征”正確。D項(xiàng)“夸大了專業(yè)的拉格泰姆音樂演奏者表演風(fēng)格對這種音樂流派的影響”，A項(xiàng)“錯誤地將商業(yè)拉格泰姆音樂與更微妙的古典拉格泰姆風(fēng)格區(qū)分開來”；B項(xiàng)“沒有準(zhǔn)確地描述拉格泰姆鋼琴音樂的聲音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判斷推理題。題干問：從文中可推斷出拉格泰姆音樂的本質(zhì)被基于什么基礎(chǔ)上的評論所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，沒有理由僅僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商對拉格泰姆使用了一種機(jī)械錄音方法，就認(rèn)為拉格泰姆本身就是機(jī)械的，這是當(dāng)時唯一一種錄制鋼琴的方法?！笨芍捎诶裉┠酚昧艘环N機(jī)械錄音法，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干問：下列哪一項(xiàng)在來源和藝術(shù)特征上與文中描述的拉格泰姆樂曲最為相似?A項(xiàng)“從復(fù)雜的爵士主題中衍生出來的交響樂?！保籅項(xiàng)“一部以著名卡通人物為原型的實(shí)驗(yàn)性小說”；C項(xiàng)“演員們創(chuàng)造場景并即興創(chuàng)作臺詞的一種戲劇作品”；D項(xiàng)“以民間舞蹈為基礎(chǔ)的有紀(jì)律的舞蹈編排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是要以階梯狀的方式從一個主題上升到另一個主題······與最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.從這個意義上說，拉格泰姆音樂更像是十九世紀(jì)的民間音樂，而不是爵士樂。由此對應(yīng)可推知有“folk-dancesteps民間舞蹈步伐”的D項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthetopic''PersonalQualitiesandValuesinMyViewaccordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineedinChinese.

一個人的素養(yǎng)和價值是人生奮斗中發(fā)展和積累起來的一對因子。前者決定著你融入社會的個體形態(tài)：諸如品行、學(xué)識、待人和處世的品味和方式；價值取決于你對社會產(chǎn)生的影響和貢獻(xiàn)，有隱性的受人尊重和愛戴，有顯性的成就和地位。請你從自己的感受和體驗(yàn)談?wù)勀銓@對人生因子的評價和想法，也設(shè)想一下四十年后你會對自己的評價和總結(jié)。

【答案】

略12.單選題

Miststealssilentlyin,turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange