考研考博-英語-安徽涉外經(jīng)濟職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽涉外經(jīng)濟職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

問題1選項

A.hadtakecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格處要填入原型，排除A，B，C選項。句意：我寧愿有困難，也不愿被別人照顧。因此D選項正確。

2.填空題

Apersonwhois（）（conscious）isnotawareofwhatisgoingonaroundhimorher.

【答案】unconscious

【解析】由“notawareof”可知應將conscious變成unconscious.

3.不定項選擇題

Desertificationisthedegradationofonce-productivelandintounproductiveorpoorlyproductiveland.Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.

Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.Althoughdroughtdoesmakelandmorevulnerable,well-managedlandcansurvivedroughtsandrecover,eveninaridregions.Anothermistakenbeliefisthattheprocessoccursonlyalongtheedgesofdeserts.Infact,itmaytakeplaceinanyaridorsemiaridregion,especiallywherepoorlandmanagementispracticed.Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.

[A]Agricultureandovergrazingarethetwomajorsourcesofdesertification.[B]Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.[C]Grazingisespeciallydestructivetolandbecause,inadditiontodepletingcovervegetation,herdsofgrazingmammalsalsotramplethefineorganicparticlesofthetopsoil,leadingtosoilcompactionanderosion.[D]Ittakesabout500yearsfortheearthtobuildup3centimetersoftopsoil.However,cattleranchingandagriculturecandepleteasmuchas2to3centimetersoftopsoilevery25years—60to80timesfasterthanitcanbereplacedbynature.

Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.Thisusuallyoccursasaresultofimproperirrigationpractices.ThegreatMesopotamianempires—Sumer,AkkadandBabylon—werebuiltonthesurplusoftheenormouslyproductivesoiloftheancientTigris-Euphratesalluvialplain.Afternearlyathousandyearsofintensivecultivation,landqualitywasinevidentdecline.Inresponse,around2800BCtheSumeriansbegandiggingthehugeTigris-Euphratescanalsystemtoirrigatetheexhaustedsoil.Atemporarygainincropyieldwasachievedinthisway,butover-irrigationwastohaveseriousandunforeseenconsequences.Fromasearlyas2400BCwefindSumeriandocumentsreferringtosalinizationasasoilproblemisbelievedthatthefalloftheAkkadianEmpirearound2150BCmayhavebeenduetoacatastrophicfailureinlandproductivity;thesoilwasliterallyturnedintosalt.Eventoday,fourthousandyearslater,vasttractsofsalinizedlandbetweentheTigrisandEuphratesriversstillresemblerock-hardfieldsofsnow.

Soilerosionisanotherformofdesertification.Itisaself-reinforcingprocess;oncethecycleofdegradationbegins,conditionsaresetforcontinualdeterioration.Asthevegetativecoverbeginstodisappear,soilbecomesmorevulnerabletoraindropimpact.Waterrunsoffinsteadofsoakingintoprovidemoistureforplants.Thisfurtherdiminishesplantcoverbyleachingawaynutrientsfromthesoil.Assoilqualitydeclinesandrunoffisincreased,floodsbecomemorefrequentandmoresevere.Floodingwashesawaytopsoil,thethin,rich,uppermostlayeroftheearth’ssoil,andleavesfinerunderlyingparticlesmorevulnerabletowinderosion.Topsoilcontainstheearth'sgreatestconcentrationoforganicmatterandmicroorganisms,andiswheremostoftheearth'sland-basedbiologicalactivityoccurs.Withoutthisfragilecoatofnutrient-ladenmaterial,plantlifecannotexist.AnextremecaseofitserosionisfoundintheSahel,atransitionalzonebetweentheSaharaDesertandthetropicalAfricanrainforests;hometosome56millionpeople.Overpopulationandovergrazinghaveopenedthehyper-aridlandtowinderosion,whichisstrippingawaytheprotectivemarginoftheSahel,andcausingthedeserttogrowatanalarmingrate.Between1950and1975,theSaharaDesertspread100kilometerssouthwardthroughtheSahel.

One-thirdoftheearth’slandareaof150millionsquarekilometersisalreadyclassifiedassemiarid,aridorhyper-arid.Itisestimatedthatisincreasingby215,000squarekilometersoflandrenderedunproductivebydesertificationeveryyear.InAmerica,salinizationaffectsover160,000squarekilometersoflandinwesternandmid-westernstates,andisworseningannually.Africaloses300to400milliontonsoftopsoilayearwiththespreadingofthedesert.Asabillionpeopleareaddedtotheworld’spopulationeverydecade,thereislessandlessarablelandtoprovidefoodforthem.Atthepresentrateofsoildeterioration,ecologistwarn,anotherquarteroftheearth’sproductivesoilwilldisappearwithinthenextcentury.

14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutdesertification?

15.Theworddegradationinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,manypeople’sunderstandingofdesertificationisincorrectbecause（）.

17.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

18.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturefurthersdesertificationthroughwhichofthefollowingactivities?

19.Paragraph4ofthepassageservesmainlytodowhichofthefollowing?

20.Thewordleachinginthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

21.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph6ofthepassagethat（）.

22.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Eachfurtherstheprocessdramatically,buttheyactinquitedifferentways.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

問題1選項

A.Itisafairlyrecentproblem.

B.Ancientsocietiesmanagedtheproblemwell.

C.Ithasahistoryaslongasthatofcivilization.

D.Itwasjustasseriousinthepastasitistoday.

問題2選項

A.rejuvenation

B.deterioration

C.consumption

D.contribution

問題3選項

A.theydonotthinkofitasaseriousproblem

B.theydonotseeitasbeingcausedbyhumanactivity

C.theythinkofitasaveryslowprocess

D.theyseeitasbeingreversible

問題4選項

A.Itistheareasthatexistbetweenthedesertsandthelandthatisusableforagriculturethataremostatriskbecausetheyaresusceptibletopoorlandmanagementmethodsfromhumanactivitywhichwillalwaysresultinthelossofsoil.

B.Mostofthevulnerableareasareintransitionfromdeserttoarableland;aprocessthatbecauseofhumanactivityandthedelicatenatureoftheseareas,alwaysleadstosoilloss.

C.Soillossinthetransitionalzonesisespeciallyseverewherehumanactivityisdamagingtheenvironmentthroughagriculturewhichiscausingthelossofsoil.

D.Humanactivityinthetransitionareasisvulnerablebecauseofthefragilenatureoftheseareasthatareneitherdesertnotarablelandbecausetheyhavesuffereddamagetothesoil.

問題5選項

A.Overfertilization.

B.Thestrippingawayofnativevegetation.

C.Irrigation.

D.Therepetitiveplantingofthesamecrops.

問題6選項

A.Proposeamethodfordealingwiththedesertificationproblem.

B.Showtheprogressofdesertificationdownthroughhistory.

C.Describethemaincauseofdesertificationinoneparticulararea.

D.Describeoneprocessthatleadstodesertification.

問題7選項

A.washing

B.depositing

C.concentrating

D.dispersing

問題8選項

A.newtechnologywillsolvetheproblemofdesertification

B.findingawaytostopdesertificationwillbecomeincreasinglyurgent

C.desertificationismoreofaproblemindevelopedcountries

D.desertificationiscausingstarvationinAfrica.

問題9選項

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

【解析】14.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.（自從近6000年前美索不達米亞出現(xiàn)了第一個偉大的城市——農(nóng)業(yè)中心以來，人類活動對土壤質量產(chǎn)生了破壞性的影響，導致世界上幾乎所有地區(qū)逐漸沙漠化。），說明沙漠化現(xiàn)象早在數(shù)千年前就已經(jīng)存在。因此C選項“它的歷史與文明的歷史一樣長”正確。A選項“它是一個相當新的問題”，由原文可知，沙漠化是一個很古老的問題，所以A錯誤。B選項“古代社會對這個問題處理得很好”，原文沒有提到古代社會對沙漠化的處理情況，所以B錯誤。D選項“它在過去和今天一樣嚴重”，原文沒有將當時問題的嚴重性和今天的狀況相比較，所以D錯誤。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“degradation”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.（鹽堿化是土地退化的一種類型，涉及到土壤鹽分含量的增加。），說明“degradation”在文中指的是“退化，下降”的意思。因此B選項“惡化”正確。A選項“恢復活力”，C選項“消耗”，D選項“貢獻”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.（認為沙漠化是干旱造成的是一種普遍的誤解。），說明沙漠化現(xiàn)象是因為干旱造成的是一種錯誤觀念，其實是和人類的活動有關的。因此B選項“他們不認為它是由人類活動引起的”正確。A選項“他們不認為它是一個嚴重的問題”。C選項“他們認為它是一個非常緩慢的過程”，D選項“他們認為它是可逆的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.（然而，最脆弱的是沙漠和耕地之間的過渡地帶；凡人類活動導致脆弱邊緣地區(qū)土地濫用的地方，土壤破壞是不可避免的。），說明最容易受害的就是位于沙漠和已開墾耕地之間的過渡地區(qū)，只要人類活動在這些脆弱的邊緣區(qū)域，過度濫用土地，那么土壤的破壞在所難免。因此A選項“存在于沙漠和可用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地之間的地區(qū)才是風險最大的，因為它們很容易受到人類活動的不良土地管理方法的影響，而這種影響總是會導致土壤的流失?！闭_。B選項“大多數(shù)脆弱地區(qū)正從沙漠向耕地過渡；由于人類活動和這些地區(qū)的脆弱性，這一過程總是導致土壤流失?！保恼f的不是沙漠向耕地過渡的過程，所以B錯誤。C選項“過渡區(qū)的土壤流失尤為嚴重，人類活動正在通過農(nóng)業(yè)破壞環(huán)境，導致土壤流失。”，原文沒有提到農(nóng)業(yè)活動，所以C錯誤。D選項“由于這些地區(qū)的脆弱性，它們既不是沙漠也不是耕地，因為它們已經(jīng)破壞了土壤，因此人類在過渡地區(qū)的活動是脆弱的?！?，原文說的不是人類活動很脆弱，所以D錯誤。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.（大規(guī)模的農(nóng)業(yè)需要大量的灌溉，這最終會耗盡土地的養(yǎng)分，并使礦物質滲入表層土壤，從而破壞土地。），說明灌溉會對土地造成不好的影響，加劇沙漠化。因此C選項“灌溉”正確。A選項“過度施肥”，B選項“剝去本地植被”，D選項“重復種植相同的農(nóng)作物”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段，第四段主要說明土壤鹽堿化現(xiàn)象，但是并非針對某一特定區(qū)域。而鹽堿化現(xiàn)象也是造成沙漠化的原因。因此D選項“描述導致沙漠化的一個過程”正確。A選項“提出處理沙漠化問題的方法”，B選項“展示歷史上沙漠化的進展”，C選項“描述一個特定地區(qū)的沙漠化的主要原因”均不符合原文內容，所以A，B，C錯誤。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“l(fā)eaching”可以定位到文章第五段第五句Thisfurtherdiminishesplantcoverbyleachingawaynutrientsfromthesoil.（這進一步減少了植物覆蓋，因為土壤中的養(yǎng)分流失了。），說明“l(fā)eaching”在文中指的是“養(yǎng)分流失”的意思。因此A選項“洗滌”正確。B選項“沉積”，C選項“濃縮”，D選項“分散”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段，第六段強凋了沙漠化現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)發(fā)展到何種程度，以及目前繼續(xù)惡化的速度，還預言了如果按照這樣的情況發(fā)展下去將會帶來的結果。說明必須盡快找出解決問題的方法，否則后果將不堪設想。因此B選項“找到阻止沙漠化的方法將變得越來越緊迫”正確。A選項“新技術將解決沙漠化的問題”，C選項“沙漠化在發(fā)達國家是一個更大的問題”，D選項“沙漠化在非洲造成了饑荒”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

22.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子Eachfurtherstheprocessdramatically,buttheyactinquitedifferentways.（每個都極大地促進了這一進程，但它們的影響方式卻截然不同。）是對造成沙漠化現(xiàn)象的兩種過程做出進一步的詮釋，B處前文說農(nóng)業(yè)和過度放牧是沙漠化的兩個主要來源，后文分別介紹了這兩種方式對沙漠化的影響。因此該句放在B處最合適。

4.單選題

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

問題2選項

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

問題3選項

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

問題4選項

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

問題5選項

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必須定期補充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必須定期監(jiān)測pH值比，以確保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一個可靠的pH值測量試劑盒測量的7至8的光譜范圍內。”可知B項“必要時監(jiān)測并加氯”符合題意。

2.作者意圖題。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.這些化學物質，特別是次氯酸和次氯酸鹽離子，通過消滅和氧化可惡的細胞來消滅細菌。當這種化學反應發(fā)生時，細菌基本上是無害的?！笨芍髡咧饕窍虢榻B氯氣是如何確保泳池干凈和安全的。

3.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。還有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能會感到皮膚刺激。雖然有其他化學物質和化合物可以用來清潔游泳池，但它們可能昂貴得令人望而卻步，或者無法殺死水中存在的所有類型的細菌?！笨芍行┤宋胍恍┯境刂車邼舛鹊穆瓤赡芎茈y忍受。故B項“偶爾泳池里的氯含量高可能是無害的。”表述錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。作者通過舉例直觀地解釋PH值的知識，讓讀者有一些了解

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)對本文第二段的理解，一旦氯氣在太陽光下，那么它的有效性就會降低，而第一段指出氯氣中發(fā)生反應的化學元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸離子，但這無法推理出就僅僅只有這兩種物質，B項“氯由兩種化學物質組成：次氯酸和低氯離子”答案過于絕對。

5.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Totakethemedicineforalongertime.

B.Todiscontinuethemedication.

C.Tocometoseeheragain.

D.Toswitchtoothermedications.

【答案】C

【解析】M:HowlongshouldItakethem?

W:Theprescriptionisfor30days.Ifyou’restillfeelingdepressedafter30days.I’dlikeyoutocomebackin.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodoifhisproblemcontinues?

【解析】細節(jié)題。女士說藥量是30天，如果服藥后患者還不好，建議回來復診。

6.單選題

Hewasregardedasagreat（

）tothecommittee.

問題1選項

A.asset

B.profit

C.prosperity

D.interest

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。asset“財產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，有價值的人或物”；profit“利潤”；prosperity“繁榮，成功”；interest“興趣，愛好”。句意：他被視為委員會的重要人物。句中主語是he，故A項符合題意。

7.單選題

Ifhehadknownhowtorepairthetoaster,hesurely

her.

問題1選項

A.wouldtell

B.wouldhavetold

C.willtell

D.tells

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)if從句的動詞時態(tài)，可判斷出主句應該使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時，因此選項B符合題意。句意：要是他知道怎么修理烤面包機，他肯定早就告訴她了。

8.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問題1選項

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報升”；C選項upmarket“質優(yōu)價高的；高級的；在高檔之列”；D選項upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費階層的，高檔的”，C選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment（

）thecommunity.

問題1選項

A.inplaceof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.onbehalfof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。inplaceof意為“代替”；onaccountof意為“由于”；intermsof意為“依據(jù)，按照”；onbehalfof意為“代表，為了”。

句意：部分物品的費用以稅收的形式由政府代表社會征收。

10.單選題

Didyouknowthatyoucouldbestingonafortunewithoutevenrealizingit?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youhavenoideathatyouprobablyhaveitemsofvalueputawaythatcouldputdollarsinyourpocket.

That’sexactlywhyTonyHyman,Ed.D.,oneofAmerican’stoptenauthoritiesoncollectibles(收藏品)andthehostofthe#1radioantiquesandcollectiblescall-inQ&Ashow,wrotehisbookTrashorTreasure.“Thisbookhasonlyonepurpose:tomakemoneyforitsreaders,”saysHyman,whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles,andhasappearedoneverymajorTVtalkshow.

“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”saysAnitaGold,oneofthecountry’sforemostcolumnistsoncollectibles.“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”

ElsieGordon,fromFlorida,made$250bygoingthroughthetrashafterherhusbandhadcleanedoutthegarage.Sheoriginallythoughtthattheoldcarpartsandoilymanualsshe’drescuedmightbeworth$10.

There’sonlyonewaytoknowyouifwhatyouhaveistrashortreasure.Youhavetoaskaqualifiedexpert.That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.

TrashorTreasure,whichhassoldnearly250,000copies,istheonlybookofitskind.Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.AllyouhavetodoisfilloutSell-A-Gramincludedwiththebook.

TrashorTreasuregivesyoualltheinformationyouneedtotradeinyourtrashforcash.Let’sfaceit.Youcan’taffordtopassupthatopportunity.

1.Whatdoes“authored”(Par.2,lastsentence)mean?

2.FromwhatAntaGoldsaidwecaninferthat________.

3.Whatdoes“dust-gatherers”(Par.5,lastsentence)mean?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthebook?

5.Thistextislikelytobe________.

問題1選項

A.Beenanauthorityon.

B.Authorized.

C.Givenuptherightto.

D.Written.

問題2選項

A.youmaylosealotteryticketbutyouwon’tlosethisbook

B.youmayspendmoneyandgetnothingbackwhenyoubuyalotterytickerbutyoucanalwaysgetsomethingbackwhenyoubuythisbook

C.youmaybelateforgettingmoneyfromalotteryticketbutyoucan’twhenyoubuythisbook

D.youmaynotdoaswellasotherswhenyoubuyalotteryticketbutyouwillbeasgoodasanybodyelsewhenyoubuythisbook

問題3選項

A.Thingsonwhichdustgathers.

B.Peoplehiredtohelpclearawaythetrash.

C.Peopleemployedtoemptythedustbin.

D.Thingsonecollectswhengatheringuptrash.

問題4選項

A.Wherethespecialtybuyersarelocated.

B.Whatmightbeofvalue.

C.Whenthespecialtybuyershandletransaction.

D.Whowouldbuyvaluablecollectibles.

問題5選項

A.aprefacetoabook

B.abookreview

C.adviceprovidedbythesocialservices

D.anadvertisement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.語義推測題。authored意思為“寫作；編寫”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles（寫了另外11本關于出售收藏品的書），這里authored搭配books，D選項“寫”比較符合語境，也和authored詞義相近。A選項“是某方面的權威”，B選項“批準，授權”和C選項“放棄權利”不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”…“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”（“《垃圾還是寶藏》可以讓你變得富有，”……“這比買彩票好——你不會因為擁有這本書而失去什么。”），文章寫的是賣廢品為財富，運用這本書的內容會讓人增加財富，更不會因為這本書失去什么，所以B選項“你可能花了很多錢買彩票，卻什么也得不到，但是如果你買這本書，總會得到些什么”正確。A選項“你可能會失去一張彩票，但不會失去這本書”，C選項“可能買彩票你來晚了，但是買這本書不會晚”和D選項“如果你買彩票，可能不會像他人一樣優(yōu)秀，但是如果你買這本書，就會和其他人一樣優(yōu)秀”不符合文章內容。因此B選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.（這就是為什么海曼博士的書是無價的：它直接把你帶到1200個專業(yè)買家面前，而他們正在積極地尋找你的灰塵收集器。），這些專家專門收購垃圾，所以D選項“收集垃圾的東西”符合題意。A選項“積灰塵的東西”，B選項“受雇幫助清理垃圾的人”和C選項“被雇傭來清空垃圾箱的人”不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.（因為它不僅告訴你你擁有什么可能有價值的東西，還告訴你把它賣給誰，他們在哪里，以及如何處理交易。），可知這本書的內容有A選項“專業(yè)買家的所在地”，B選項“可能有價值的東西”和D選項“誰會買有價值的收藏品”，C選項“專業(yè)買家什么時候處理交易”不包含在內。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。這篇文章介紹了TrashorTreasure這本書，也介紹了這本書的作者和內容，而沒有對這本書的評價，所以A選項“書的序言”正確。B選項“書評”、C選項“社會服務機構給的意見”和D選項“廣告”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Fuelscarcitiesandpriceincreases（

）automobiledesignerstoscaledownthelargestmodelsandtodevelopcompletelynewlinesofsmallcarsandtrucks.

問題1選項

A.persuaded

B.prompted

C.imposed

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:燃油短缺和價格上漲汽車設計者縮小大型汽車的研發(fā)，轉而開發(fā)全新的小型汽車和卡車生產(chǎn)線。

persuade:說服，勸說。prompt:促進,促使。impose:強加,征稅,利用。enlighten:啟發(fā)，啟蒙，教導。因此B項符合句意。

12.單選題

問題1選項

A.Cough.

B.Headache

C.Diarrhea.

D.Fever.

【答案】D

【解析】5.M:Goodafternoon.Haveaseat.Sowhathaveyoucomeinfortoday?

W:Thankyou.I’mfeelingill.I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotasymptomthatthewomanhas?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：以下哪項不是這位女士的癥狀？由文中“I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.（我咳嗽得很厲害。但我好像沒有發(fā)燒。我有點頭疼，還有點腹瀉。）”，可知D選項“fever（發(fā)燒）”不是女士的癥狀，符合題意。A選項“咳嗽”；B選項“頭疼”；C選項“腹瀉”是女士的癥狀，不符合題意。

13.單選題

Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical______.

問題1選項

A.facilities

B.appliances

C.instruments

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項facility“設施，設備”，指可供使用的設備或設施；B項appliance“器具，器械”，C項instrument“樂器，儀器”，D項equipment“裝備，設備”，多指成套的或重型的設備或裝備，不光包括電子設備，還包含相關的工具。根據(jù)關鍵詞housework“家務”可知，空格部分表示“家用電器”合適，B項最符合語境。句意：今天，家用電器使家務變得容易多了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

14.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

問題1選項

A.itsreturnswellcompens