考研考博-英語-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegeneralmanagerofourcompanyisagoodlistener.Healways（）ourproposalsenthusiastically.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takesin

B.takeson

C.takesup

D.takesto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)takesin“接受，吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙”；B選項(xiàng)takeson“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；C選項(xiàng)takesup“拿起，開始從事，占據(jù)（時(shí)間，地方）”；D選項(xiàng)takesto“喜歡，走向”。句意：我們公司的總經(jīng)理是個(gè)善于傾聽的人。他總是熱情地（）我們的建議。根據(jù)題意，可以推測出，總經(jīng)理是個(gè)善于傾聽的人，所以他會(huì)熱情地接受我們的建議，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：加利福尼亞只有陽光多得不知怎么處理，而其余所有東西都很貴。分析句子成分than作連詞連接兩個(gè)句子，第二個(gè)句子it指代加州，know作謂語，后面接的是賓語。

3.單選題

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：John并不是被（）選擇的；他被選來承擔(dān)這份工作是因?yàn)樗麚碛械墓ぷ鹘?jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富。

deliberately故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者擇一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily隨意地，武斷地。D選項(xiàng)“隨意地”符合句意。

4.單選題

Idisagreewiththeabhorrentwayyouuseotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loathsome

B.wholesome

C.disgusted

D.ghastly

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)loathsome“令人厭惡的，討厭的”，B項(xiàng)wholesome“健全的，有益健康的”，C項(xiàng)disgusted“憎惡的，反感的”，D項(xiàng)ghastly“可怕的，慘白的”。句意：我不同意你可惡地利用別人。根據(jù)句意可知，abhorrent在句中表示“可惡的”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Wewatchthe（）oftheparachutesallthewayfromtheaircrafttotheground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.spiral

C.descent

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，滲透。根據(jù)句意可知，降落傘是從飛機(jī)上降落到地上，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

NoahWebster'sDictionarywas（）in1828andhasbeenextremelyinfluentialinAmericanlanguageusageeversincethen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstpublished

B.firstpublished

C.thefirsttobepublished

D.tobefirstpublished

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意：這部字典在1828年首次出版,事情已經(jīng)完成,首先排除選項(xiàng)C和D；選項(xiàng)A不符合句意,所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

IntheU.S.88percentofsmokershasstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（

）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liable

B.liberal

C.irrational

D.illegal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的”；liberal“自由主義的，慷慨的”；irrational“不合理的，無理性的，荒謬的”；illegal“非法的，違法的”。

句意：在美國，88%的煙民十八歲之前就開始抽煙，盡管將煙售賣給未成年人是不合法的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Recently,theUnitedStatesFishandwildlifeServiceannounceditwoulddesignate“criticalhabitat”fortheendangeredjaguarintheUnitedStatesandtakethefirststepstowardcommandingajaguarrecoveryplan.Thisisapolicyreversal(therewaspreciousdecisionfromthemnottodeterminecriticalhabitatforthejaguar)and,onthesurface,itmayappeartobeavictoryfortheconservationcommunityandforjaguars,thelargestwildcatsintheWesternHemisphere.Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.

DesignatingjaguarhabitatmeansthatFishandWildlifemustnowalsoformulatearecoveryplanforthejaguar.Butjaguarshavenotbeenabletoreestablishthemselvesnaturallyoverthepastcentury,thegovernmentwilllikelyhavetogotosignificantexpensetoattempttobringthemback—especiallyifthecatshavetobereintroduced.

Sowhynotdoeverythingwecanatwhatevercost,tobringjaguarsbackintotheUnitedStates?Tobeginwith,theAmericanSouthwestis,atbest,marginalhabitatfortheanimals.Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder,fromMexicotoArgentina,thousandsofjaguarsliveandbreedintheirtruecriticalhabitat.GovernmentsandconservationgroupsarealreadyworkinghardtoconservejaguarpopulationsandconnectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.

ThejaguarsthatnowandthencrossintotheUnitedStatesmostlikelycomefromthenorthernmostpopulationofjaguars,inSonora,Mexico.Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.

TherecentmovebytheFishandwildlifeServicemeansthatthesparsefederalfundsdevotedtoprotectingwildanimalswillbewastedoneffortsthatcannothelpsavejaguars.Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakentheEndangeredSpeciesAct,becauseifcriticalhabitatisredefinedasanyplacewhereaspeciesmighteverhaveexisted,andwhereyouorImightwantittoexistagain,thenthedoorisopenformanyothersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.

TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

7.Toachievejaguarrecovery,authoritiesprobablyneedto（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmeasuresshouldwetaketokeepjaguar’snumber?

9.WhatdoestheauthorconcernmostabouttheFishandWildlifeService’snewdecision?

10.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheFishandWildlifeService（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Designatingcriticalhabitatisavictoryfortheconservationcommunity.

B.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationdoesnotfollowthelawofscience.

C.Todesignatecriticalhabitatisthefirststepofajaguarrecoveryplan.

D.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationshowsthepolicyreversalofanimalprotection.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.startanewinitiativetoconservejaguar’spopulation

B.raisethenumberofjaguar’scriticalhabitat

C.investasubstantialamountofmoney

D.reversetheiroriginalpolicyofjaguar

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ToreintroducejaguarsintoAmerica.

B.Toprotectjaguar’struehabitat.

C.ToconstructmorenewhabitatinAmerica.

D.Toinvestmorefederalfundsforjaguars.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment’sjaguarprotectioneffortsmaybewasted

B.Wemaylosejaguar’struehabitatcompletelyinAmerica.

C.Thismayincurappealstoreintroduceotherlong-lastanimals.

D.Thedefinitionofcriticalhabitatmayhavetoberewritten.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.failedtoinsistontheircorrectdecision

B.mainlyfocusesonjaguar’sconservation

C.hasformulatedaplanforjaguar’sreintroduction

D.spendsmoremoneytopreservejaguarthanithas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.（但是作為一個(gè)研究了近三十年的美洲虎的人，我可以告訴你，這不過是對(duì)好科學(xué)的一記耳光。）前面作者說到，“表面上是一個(gè)勝利”，而后一句就否定了，因此在作者看來他是不支持這個(gè)新棲息地指定的，因此B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的指定并不遵循科學(xué)規(guī)律”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指定關(guān)鍵棲息地是保護(hù)團(tuán)體的勝利”，作者認(rèn)為這只是表面的；C選項(xiàng)“確定關(guān)鍵棲息地是美洲豹恢復(fù)計(jì)劃的第一步”，作者沒有說明；D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的確定表明了動(dòng)物保護(hù)政策的逆轉(zhuǎn)”，這是作者的反諷。

7.判斷推理題。在第三段中Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder...connectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.（更重要的是，有更好的方法來幫助美洲虎。從墨西哥到阿根廷，我們邊界以南，成千上萬的美洲虎生活在它們真正重要的棲息地，它們生活和繁殖。各國政府和保護(hù)組織已經(jīng)在努力保護(hù)美洲虎種群，并通過一項(xiàng)名為“捷豹走廊”的倡議，將它們相互聯(lián)系起來。）以及后面的weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國。）可以看出，在作者看來現(xiàn)在最關(guān)鍵的是這個(gè)政策并不對(duì)，因此D選項(xiàng)“改變他們?cè)瓉韺?duì)美洲虎的政策”正確。A選項(xiàng)“開始一項(xiàng)保護(hù)美洲虎種群的新計(jì)劃”，這個(gè)是正在做的，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“增加美洲虎的關(guān)鍵棲息地?cái)?shù)量”，是作者所不同意的，作者認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)不是數(shù)量，而是找到真正適合它們居住的地方；C選項(xiàng)“投資一大筆錢”，這個(gè)是之后可能會(huì)需要的，而不是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

8.判斷推理題。B選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)美洲虎真正的棲息地”在倒數(shù)第三段Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國。）因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“將美洲虎重新引入美洲”在剛剛這句話中已經(jīng)否定了，Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry（而不是要求美洲虎返回我國）；因此C選項(xiàng)在“美國建造更多的新棲息地”，也是不正確的；D選項(xiàng)“為美洲虎投入更多的聯(lián)邦資金”，這個(gè)是有提到，但是并沒有說是現(xiàn)在Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.（否則，當(dāng)需要資金來保護(hù)排在后面的所有這些小的、丑陋的、不吸引人的瀕危物種時(shí)，可能就沒有錢了。）

9.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakenthe...othersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.（最重要的是，這也會(huì)削弱《瀕危物種法》，因?yàn)槿绻麑㈥P(guān)鍵棲息地重新定義為某個(gè)物種可能存在的任何地方，并且你或我可能希望它再次存在，那么，這扇門將為許多其他毫無意義的努力打開，以找回長期丟失的生物。）而在作者看來?xiàng)⒌氐亩x非常重要，因?yàn)檫@就決定了美洲虎可以在什么地方被保護(hù)，因此他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新決定最大的影響就是改變了棲息地的定義，因此D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的定義可能必須重寫”正確。A選項(xiàng)“政府保護(hù)美洲虎的努力可能白費(fèi)了”，過于籠統(tǒng)；B選項(xiàng)“我們可能會(huì)在美國完全失去美洲虎真正的棲息地”，這不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“這可能招致重新引進(jìn)其他壽命較長的動(dòng)物的呼吁”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)。

10.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到到最后一段第一句TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.（負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)國家野生動(dòng)物的魚類和野生動(dòng)物官員需要培養(yǎng)一個(gè)更強(qiáng)壯的骨干，堅(jiān)持他們?cè)瓉碚_的決定，并為更有用的保護(hù)工作節(jié)省資金。）通過這句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們應(yīng)該是之前沒有能夠堅(jiān)持正確的決定，因此A選項(xiàng)“未能堅(jiān)持自己的正確決定”正確。B選項(xiàng)“主要關(guān)注美洲虎的保護(hù)”沒有體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)為美洲虎的重新引入制定了計(jì)劃”，錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“花在保護(hù)美洲虎上的錢比實(shí)際的要多”，與文章正好相反。

9.單選題

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“隱瞞，退縮，抑制，阻止”；B選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入”；C選項(xiàng)“撿起，獲得，收拾”；D選項(xiàng)“調(diào)小，拒絕”。句意：美國人和中國人在與（）陌生人交談的能力上有所不同。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最準(zhǔn)確的是enterinto所以答案選B。

10.單選題

ThedeathofhisfathergavehimaWholenew（）onlife：nowhespendsmoretimewithhisfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.euphemism

C.conformation

D.providence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。perspective“觀點(diǎn)”；euphemism“委婉語”；conformation“構(gòu)造”；providence“天意，深謀遠(yuǎn)慮”。句意：他父親的死亡給了他一個(gè)對(duì)生活的新觀點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在他要花更多的時(shí)間在家庭上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Comte'sphilosophicalsuccessor,whocarriedonbothhisphenomenalistandpresentationalistphilosophyintothesocialarenaofpoliticsandethics,wasJohnStuartMill.ButfirstwemustturntoanevengreaterinfluenceonMill'sviews,oneoftheleadingradicalreformersofthenineteenthcentury,JeremyBentham.

BorninLondon,thesonofaleadingattorney,BenthamwasachildprodigywhobeganstudyinghistoryandLatinattheageofthree.AttwelveheenteredQueen'sCollegeinOxfordandearnedhisB.A.inthreeyearsandhisM.A.twoyearslaterattheageofseventeen.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobecomeapracticinglawyer,butBenthamwasfarmoreinterestedinthephilosophicalfoundationsofethics,morality,andlegaltheory.HetraveledwidelythroughoutEuropeandwrotehisfirstessayoneconomicsinRussia.In1792hebecameacitizenofFrance.

Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.Hewentontopublishseveralbooksonpoliticalandlegaltheory,butitwashisIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationthatmadehimapowerfulandinfluentialinternationalfigure.InhisPrincipleshelaidthegroundworkforutilitarianism;asdevelopedbyMill(whomweshallconsiderinthenextsection),histheoryisstilltodayoneoftheleadingmoraltheoriesintheworld.

Benthamdefineshisprincipleofutilityas"thatpropertyinanyobjectwherebyittendstoproducepleasure,goodorhappiness,ortopreventthehappeningofmischief,pain,evilorunhappinesstothepartywhoseinterestisconsidered".AccordingtoBentham,thisprincipletakesaccountofthetwomainmotivesforallhumanaction—painandpleasure.Governments,social,politicalandlegalinstitutions,aswellasindividualcitizens,shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.Sinceleadersaswellasindividualsarethusmorallyboundtofollowthesameuniversalprincipleandonethatisreadilyaccessibletoeveryone—weallknowwhatpainandpleasureare—therecanbenomanipulation,throughrhetoric,oftheweakbythepowerful.InBentham'ssystemweareeachourownbestjudgeastohowbesttoliveandattainhappiness.

Heopenlycalledfortherejectionofallmonarchiesandestablishedchurches,claimingthat"allgovernmentisinitselfonevastevil."Theonlyjustificationforputtingsuchevilintoplacewouldbetopreventsomegreaterevil;governmentsshouldthereforeneverstrayfromtheprincipleofutility—thegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.

1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"scalesfellfromeyes"inthethirdparagraph?

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthequotesinthefourthparagraphofBentham'sdefinitionofprincipleofutility?

3.HowdidBenthaminfluencetheworldaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hiseyeswerefulloftears.

B.Hiseyesbecamesmaller.

C.Hewasenlightened.

D.Hecouldseeclearly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Utilitycanberegardedasaqualitywhichislikelytobringhappinessorstoptheoccurrenceofunhappinesstointerestedparties.

B.Utilityisakindofpossessionbywhichconcernedpeoplecangethappinessandavoidunhappiness.

C.Theprincipleofutilityistheprincipleofthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.

D.Theprincipleofutilityisthebeliefthatthevalueofathingoranactionisdeterminedbyitsutility.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heinfluencedthephilosophersinthewholeworld.

B.Hecontributedtooverthrowingallthemonarchiesandchurches.

C.Histheoryhaschangedthemoralvalueofthemodemworld.

D.Themoralfoundationtomanymoderndemocraciestracesbacktohistheory.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BenthamhadgreatinfluenceonLockeandHume,aswellasonMill.

B.BothBenthamandMillwereComte'sphilosophicalsuccessors.

C.Bentham'sfatherwasdisappointedthathedidn'tbecomeanattorney.

D.BenthamcontributedmorethanMilltothefoundationofutilitarianism.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheintroductionofJohnStuartMill.

B.TheintroductionofComte.

C.TheintroductionofHume.

D.Theintroductionofutilitarianism.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.”，可知邊沁的主要哲學(xué)影響是Locke和Hume。當(dāng)他讀到Hume的《論人的本性》時(shí)，他說這就像從眼睛上掉下來的鱗片?？膳袛喑鯤ume給他帶來了很大的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.”，可知它遵循最大的幸福原則：選擇能為大多數(shù)人帶來最大幸福的行動(dòng)方式?？膳袛喑鲂в迷瓌t是為大多數(shù)人帶來最大幸福的原則。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.”，可知他的功利主義，旨在將人民從壓迫性的法律中解放出來，并使管理機(jī)構(gòu)具有道德，為許多民主社會(huì)提供了基礎(chǔ)。可判斷出許多現(xiàn)代民主國家的道德基礎(chǔ)可以追溯到他的理論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第三段，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.”，可知邊沁的哲學(xué)思想受到了Locke和Hume的影響，并沒有受到Mill的影響，選項(xiàng)A不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)史實(shí)，Bentham的思想先于Comte產(chǎn)生，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，提到邊沁的父親希望他成為律師，只是闡述了事實(shí)，并沒有提及父親的想法和情感。選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.”，可知在邊沁的眾多弟子中，最著名的是約翰?斯圖亞特?密爾，他進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了功利主義，但卻走了截然不同的路。可判斷出下文最可能繼續(xù)介紹Mill以及他的主要思想。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegovernmenthaslicensedthiscompanytoproduceweapons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suddenlyhired

B.recentlyfounded

C.legallypermitted

D.scarcelypurchased

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suddenlyhired“突然雇傭”；B選項(xiàng)recentlyfounded“最近發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)legallypermitted“法律上允許”；D選項(xiàng)scarcelypurchased“很少購買”。句意：政府已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)這家公司生產(chǎn)武器。劃線部分licensed是批準(zhǔn)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

（）,overthemonths,webegantogettoknowhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onceinawhile

B.Fromtimetotime

C.Everynowandthen

D.Littlebylittle

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onceinawhile“偶爾，有時(shí)”；fromtimetotime“不時(shí)，有時(shí)”；everynowandthen“不時(shí)地，常?！?；littlebylittle“漸漸，逐漸地”。句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月時(shí)間，我們漸漸地了解了他。由overthemonths,以及begantoknow可知D項(xiàng)“漸漸地”符合題意。

14.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關(guān)”；recognize表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可”，常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為，被當(dāng)作”，有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識(shí)別出，被承認(rèn)”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn)，被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過，所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Appliedresearch,_______tosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulated

B.undertaken

C.attained

D.accomplished

【答案】B

【解析】formulated按配方制造;undertaken從事,保證;attained獲得;accomplished完成。句意：采用應(yīng)用研究來解決實(shí)際問題具有直接的吸引力,因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)果是可以看到和享受的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意,

16.翻譯題

繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革，減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)，保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益。

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

中國不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù)，而是倡導(dǎo)建立國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。

不堅(jiān)決懲治腐敗，黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險(xiǎn)，黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。

維護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺(tái)灣從中國分裂出去。

【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.

In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

17.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

18.翻譯題

六十整歲望七十如攀高山。不料七十歲居然過了。七十歲開始可以諸事不做而拿退休金，不愁沒有一碗飯吃，自由自在，自得其樂。要看書可以隨便亂翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸張，從前哪能拜讀？現(xiàn)在可以了。隨看隨忘，便仍在一邊。無憂無慮，無人打擾，不必出門而自有天地。真是無限風(fēng)光在老年。

偶爾有人來，不論男女老少認(rèn)識(shí)不認(rèn)識(shí)，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，談天說地，百無禁忌。我的話匣子一開，激光磁盤便響個(gè)不停，滔滔不絕。無奈我閑人忙，聽眾逐漸稀少，終于門庭冷落，只剩下一屋子廣闊天地,任我獨(dú)往獨(dú)來，隨意揮灑。

【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!

OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.

19.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，此題強(qiáng)調(diào)這種對(duì)話的重要性，引導(dǎo)詞用that。

【句意】當(dāng)我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學(xué)習(xí)水平和隨之而來的新要求時(shí)，這種對(duì)話尤為重要。

20.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險(xiǎn)的；脅迫的；兇兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“縱容的；默許的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英國小說家威廉?薩克雷認(rèn)為對(duì)罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)的，所以他批評(píng)狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項(xiàng)符合語境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

21.單選題

Tomakeiteasiertoreturnanypurchases,savetheoriginalpackaging,especiallyforelectronicandhousehold（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruments

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.equipment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。instrument“工具，樂器”；facility“設(shè)施，設(shè)備”；appliance“器具，裝置”；equipment“設(shè)備，裝備”。句意：為了退貨方便，需要保留原來的包裝，尤其是電子產(chǎn)品和家用電器。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。initiate“開始，創(chuàng)造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共謀，協(xié)力”；negotiate“談判，交涉”。句意：政府決定對(duì)毒品致死人數(shù)的增加進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

23.翻譯題

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstructthemeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.(1)Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedto—itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.(2)Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughly,comparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.

Theotherthingwehavetonoticeis/thattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectisessentiallyacomparativeaffair.(3)Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.Itisherethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleastthreefactors:theintentiontodoone’sbest,theknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyouhavetodo,andtheintellectualabilitytodoit(4)Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhobeingcompared)ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsinourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonable,andthevalueofintelligencetestinghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Isvalueliesofcourse,initsprovidingasatisfactorybasisforprediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanchildrenofthisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalintelligence”.(5)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidencebutonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitude/towardsthetestastheotherwithwhomheisbeingcompared;andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylack,ofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.

【答案】1.人們對(duì)與智能有關(guān)的各種行為，比對(duì)這些行為如何進(jìn)行解釋和分類，看法更不一致。

2.批評(píng)智力測試不反映上述情況，就猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不測風(fēng)速一樣。

3.既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。

4.如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話，那么對(duì)所有被比較者來說，前兩個(gè)因素必須是一樣的。

5.總的來說，得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件：能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的其他孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因?yàn)槿狈e的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識(shí)而被扣分。

24.單選題

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥訛橘e語從句，從句的語序應(yīng)為：疑問詞+主語+謂語。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：John問Mary買的電子詞典多少錢。

25.單選題

ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.SinceNeolithictimes,sculpturehasbeenconsideredtheprerogativeofmen,partly,perhaps,forpurelyphysicalreasons;itwaserroneouslyassumedthatwomenwerenotsuitedforthehardmanuallaborrequiredinsculptingstone,carvingwood,orworkinginmetal.Ithasbeenonlyduringthetwentiethcenturythatwomensculptorshavebeenrecognizedasmajorartists,andithasbeenintheUnitedStates,especiallysincethedecadesofthefiftiesandsixties,thatwomensculptorshaveshownthegreatestoriginalityandcreativepower.TheirrisetoprominenceparallelsthedevelopmentofsculptureitselfintheUnitedStates;whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsintheUnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld——thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.

ByfarthemostoutstandingofthesewomenisLouiseNevelson,whointheeyesofmanycriticsisthemostoriginalfemaleartistalivetoday.Onefamousandinfluentialcritic,HiltonKramer,saidofherwork.“Formyself,IthinkMs.Nevelsonsucceedswherethepaintersoftenfail.”

HerworkshavebeencomparedtotheCubistconstructionsofPicasso,theSurrealisticobjectsofMiro,andtheMerzbauofSchwitters.Nevelsonwouldbethefirsttoadmitthatshehasbeeninfluencedbyallofthese,aswellasbyAfricansculpture,andbyNativeAmericanandpre-Columbianart,butshehasabsorbedalltheseinfluencesandstillcreatedadistinctiveartthatexpressestheurbanlandscapeandtheaestheticsensibilityofthetwentiethcentury.Nevelsonsays,“Ihavealwayswantedtoshowtheworldthatartiseverywhere,exceptthatithastopassthroughacreativemind.”

Usingmostlydiscardedwoodenobjectslikepackingcrates,brokenpiecesoffurniture,andabandonedarchitecturalornaments,allofwhichshehashoardedforyears,sheassemblesarchitecturalconstructionsofgreatbeautyandpower.Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.Althoughshehas