外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復習課時練習25：選擇性必修2 Unit 1　Growing up(含解析)

課時質(zhì)量評價(二十五)選擇性必修第二冊Unit1GrowingupA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空A(2020·吉林遼源聯(lián)考)Lucylookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.LucyislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldLucyisnotspendinghalf-term1.________(rest).Instead,sheisearning$6，500adayas2.________modelinNewYork.Lucy3.________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.Herfatherwantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButLucy,4.________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5.________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty,sosheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6.________(educate)．Shehasturneddownseveral7.________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrate8.________herstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.Lucysays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,schoolcomesfirst.Idon'twanttogettoo9.________(absorb)inmodelling.Itis10.________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.”【語篇解讀】年僅十六歲的露西在模特界嶄露頭角，但當規(guī)劃自己的未來時，露西做出了自己的選擇。1.resting考查非謂語動詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.是一個固定短語，意為“花費時間做某事”，故填resting。2.a考查冠詞。model是可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，應用不定冠詞，且model以輔音音素開頭，故填a。3.wastold/hasbeentold考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，主語Lucy和tell之間是被動關(guān)系，告知的行為已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，可用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。亦或強調(diào)被告知的信息給露西帶來的影響，可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填wastold/hasbeentold。4.who考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Lucy，指人，設(shè)空處在從句中充當主語，故填who。5.toprove考查非謂語動詞。wanttodosth.是固定搭配，意為“想要做某事”，故填cation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空前有形容詞性物主代詞her，因此設(shè)空處要用名詞，此處表示“教育”，故填education。7.invitations考查名詞的單復數(shù)。設(shè)空處前為several,invitation意為“(口頭或書面的)邀請”時，為可數(shù)名詞，此處要用復數(shù)形式，故填invitations。8.on考查介詞。concentrateonsth.是固定短語，意為“專注于某事”，故填on。9.absorbed考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。getabsorbedin為固定短語，意為“專心致志于”，故填absorbed。10.certainly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子可知設(shè)空后的fun是形容詞，應用副詞來修飾，故填certainly。BHappinessislikeasmallstone1.________(drop)intoapooltocauseacircleofripples.2.________Stevensonhassaid,beinghappyisaduty.Thereisnoexactdefinitionoftheword“happiness”.Happypeoplearehappy3.________allsortsofreasons.Thekeyisnotwealthorphysicalwell-being,sincewefind4.________(home)people,disabledpeopleandso-calledlosersareextremelyhappy.Beinghappyisasortofunexpectedgain.Butstayinghappyis5.________accomplishment,asuccessofsoulandcharacter.Actuallyitisnotselfishtostriveforit.Itis,indeed,adutytoourselvesandothers.Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeople6.________(stay)awayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalone.Thereis,however,acureforit:ifyoudon'tfeelhappy,pretendtobe.Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofrepellingpeople,youattractthem.Youwilldiscover7.________deeplyrewardingitistobethecentreofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.Thenthemake-believebecomesa8.________(real).Youbecomereallyhappy.Beinghappy,onceitisrecognisedasadutyanddevelopsintoahabit,9.________(open)doorsintoamazinggardenswhicharefullof10.________(thank)friends.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了幸福、快樂的定義。1.dropped考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，drop在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏輯主語stone構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應用過去分詞形式。故填dropped。2.As考查連接詞。此處為方式狀語從句，表示“正如”，應用as，句首字母要大寫。故填As。3.for考查介詞。behappyfor表示“為……而感到高興”，為固定短語。故填for。4.homeless考查形容詞。修飾下文中的名詞people，應用形容詞homeless。故填homeless。5.an考查冠詞。accomplishment為可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指，應用不定冠詞，且accomplishment為以元音音素開頭的單詞，應用an。故填an。6.tostay考查非謂語動詞。causesb.todosth.表示“使某人做某事；導致某人做某事”，為固定搭配。故填tostay。7.how考查連接詞。此處為感嘆句，感嘆后文副詞deeply應用how。故填how。8.reality考查名詞。根據(jù)上文中的冠詞a可知應填單數(shù)名詞。故填reality。9.opens考查主謂一致。本句主語為Beinghappy，且描述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，故謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填opens。10.thankful考查形容詞。修飾下文中的名詞friends，應用形容詞thankful，表示“感激的”。故填thankful。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1.瑪麗違反了校規(guī)，那就是為什么她正在受校長的懲罰。(why)Marybroketheschoolrules.Thatiswhysheisbeingpunishedbytheheadmaster．2.噪音似乎是從樓下傳過來的。(asif)Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs.3.你童年的經(jīng)歷會影響你在社會上生存的方式。(theway)Theexperiencesinyourchildhoodwillinfluencethewayyousurviveinsociety．4.鄰居們把自己的空閑時間用于幫助他人重建家園。(devote...to...)Neighboursdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThere'snoplacelikehome.ThisEnglishsayinghasmuchtruthinit:thebestplacetobeissurroundedbyourtreasuredpossessionsandourlovedonesandwitharoofoverourhead.Andformanyyoungadults,it'stheonlyaffordableplacetostay;somewherewheretheycanreceivefirst-classservicefrommumanddad.Butthiscomesataprice!Insomecountries,it'squitetraditionalforpeopleintheirlateteensandearly20stoliveathomewiththeirparents,butinotherplaces,flyingthenesttostarttheirownindependentlifeisverydesirable.Butthere'sbeenagrowingtrend,intheUKatleast,foryoungpeopletoreturnhometolive—ornottoleavehomeatall.Asurveybyapricecomparisonwebsitefoundthat18%ofadultchildrenintheUKsaidtheyweremovingbackhomebecauseofdebt,comparedwith8%lastyear.Moreyoungpeoplehadlosttheirjobs,andotherscouldn'taffordtheirrentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.So,it'seasytoseewhythey'reincreasinglybecominghomebirds.TheBBC'sLucyHookerexplainsthatmanyreturningadultchildrenenjoyhomecomforts.Butforthe“hoteliers”，that'smumanddad.Thesurveyfoundtheaveragecosttothemhasgoneupsharply,andthattheyaresacrificingluxuriesandholidaystolookaftertheir“bigkids”.EmmaCraigfromMoneysupermarketsays“They'retryingtolookaftertheirchildrenmore.Ifyourchildcomeshomeandyouseethemstrugglingfinancially,youfeelmoreawkwardaskingthemforrentortocontribute.Ittugsonyourheartstringsmore.”Withparentssplashingoutaround￡1，886ontakeawayfood,buyingnewfurnitureandupgradingtheirWi-Fiforthebenefitoftheiroffspring,it'seasyforthereturningchildrentoputtheirfeetupandmakethemselvesathome.That'sbeforetheylearnahometruth—thatonedayitmightbetheirownkidswho'llbecheckingintothehotelofmumanddad!1.WhichproverbmightpresenttheyoungBritish'slivingconditions?A.Alazyyouth,anawfulage.B.Eastorwest,homeisbest.C.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.D.Nothingcomeswrongtoahungryman.2.Whichmightbethereasonfortheincreaseofhomebirds?A.Thepopularityoflivingindependently.B.Lookingaftertheiroldparents.C.Theincreaseofunemploymentrate.D.Theirparents'financialoffer.3.What'sEmmaCraig'sattitudetowardshomebirds?A.Doubtful.B.Uncertain.C.Objective.D.Understandable.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Returningtolivewithparentscomesataprice.B.Parentsarewillingtoreceivetheirreturningchildren.C.Flyingthenetisbecomingpopularatpresent.D.Homebirdstakeitforgrantedtolivewiththeirparents.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了現(xiàn)在很多英國年輕人喜歡回家和父母一起居住的現(xiàn)象以及其背后的原因。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“There'snoplacelikehome.ThisEnglishsayinghasmuchtruthinit”可知，對英國的年輕人來說合適的諺語是：金窩銀窩不如自己的草窩。只有選項B中的home可與文中的home呼應。故選B。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Moreyoungpeoplehadlosttheirjobs,andotherscouldn'taffordtheirrentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.”可知，失業(yè)率增加是越來越多的年輕人喜歡回家住的原因之一。故選C。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中EmmaCraig說的話“Ifyourchildcomeshomeandyouseethemstrugglingfinancially,youfeelmoreawkwardaskingthemforrentortocontribute.”可知，EmmaCraig對回家的孩子的態(tài)度是可以理解的。故選D。4.A段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butthiscomesataprice！”及最后一段內(nèi)容可知，和父母一起生活是有代價的。故選A。BAccordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12－17and20volunteersaged18－32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation，”saidleadauthorDrStefanoPalminteri.“Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentive(激勵)systemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices.”Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations(模擬)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodelstheteamfoundthatteens'behaviourfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults'behaviourmatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue，”saidseniorauthorDrSarah-JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”5.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat________．A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteensC.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice6.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople'sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.Theyshapedthebehaviourofpeopleatdifferentages.7.Theunderlinedword“receptive”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________．A.accustomedB.opposedC.sympatheticD.responsive【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究，研究表明青少年專注于獎勵，很難學會避免懲罰或者考慮其他行為的后果。5.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，這個研究表明青少年對于同等價值的獎勵和懲罰，更容易接受獎勵而不是懲罰，意在表明青少年對于獎勵的反應比懲罰好。故選C。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,...withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.”可知，第一種是簡單的模型，從獎勵中學習，第二種模型是從未被選擇的選項中學習，第三種模型是最完整的，它考慮了完整的環(huán)境，對懲罰規(guī)避和獎勵尋求給予了同等的權(quán)重。這部分語境意在表示三個模型給予環(huán)境不同程度的考慮。故選B。7.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，青少年對于獎勵的反應比懲罰好。responsive意為“反應積極的”。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空Iworkasawaiteratahotel.Lastnightanelderlywhite,seemingly1couplecameintotherestaurantandmyco-worker2them.Weusuallydoourown3，butweweresobusylastnightthatwehelpedeachotherout.Atonepointtheelderlycouple4tomethattheywerereadytoorder.Iusuallyfindit5whenpeoplemaketheirorderinsuchahigh-soundingmanner,butonceI6theirorderIunderstoodwhy.Thehusbandbeganorderingandstartedstuttering(口吃).Itwas7thathehadaspeechdisorder.Icouldtellthewifehadtoldherhusbandvery8whatshewantedasawayforhimtopractisespeaking.Ittooksometimeforhimtoorderand9shewassittingthereandshelookedso10despiteherhusband'sfrequentstuttering.Thewholethingbroughtmetotears,makingmerealisethatahugepartofloveisacceptance,toleranceandsupport.She11havemadetheorderandmadethingsmucheasierforherhusbandandavoidthestaresfromothertables,butshedidn't.12shesupportedhimandwas13toseehimcompletetheorder.Iassumedthesewealthypeoplehadeverythinggoingwellforthem.Butitjust14methatallofushaveourproblems.I15tooktheirgestureofwantingtoorderasbadmanners,buttheydiditbecausehereallywantedtogettheorderright.Whatatruelove!1.A.confidentB.wealthyC.ordinaryD.energetic2.A.huggedB.supportedC.seatedD.waved3.A.tablesB.cleaningC.favourD.dishes4.A.signalledB.whistledC.explainedD.applied5.A.riskyB.absurdC.rudeD.difficult6.A.deliveredB.glancedC.changedD.took7.A.importantB.well-knownC.unlikelyD.evident8.A.particularlyB.franklyC.casuallyD.regularly9.A.attimesB.ofcourseC.byaccidentD.inthemeantime10.A