浙江專升本英語(yǔ)閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)技巧講義全

閱讀理解在省專升本考試中，閱讀理解(ReadingComprehension)所占比例最大，總分值60分，占試卷總分的五分之二。這一部分主要測(cè)試考生通過(guò)閱讀獲取書面信息的能力以及考生對(duì)篇章語(yǔ)境中的詞匯理解和運(yùn)用能力。閱讀理解分為篇章閱讀理解和篇章詞匯理解。篇章閱讀理解(一)一、大綱解析篇章閱讀理解(PassageReading)部分采用多項(xiàng)選擇題的形式進(jìn)行考查。這部分測(cè)試分兩節(jié)：四篇文章和一篇7選5的文章。第一部分為仔細(xì)閱讀理解，其中每篇長(zhǎng)度為300詞左右。每個(gè)篇章后有5個(gè)問(wèn)題，共20題。考生根據(jù)對(duì)篇章的理解，從每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。篇章閱讀的材料均選自英文原版材料，包括報(bào)刊、雜志、書籍、學(xué)術(shù)期刊等。選材的大體特點(diǎn)如下：1、題材廣泛，包括人文科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，但所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)為學(xué)生所了解或已在文章中提供。2、體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等。3、閱讀篇章難度適中，整體的難度大致介于省大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試與全國(guó)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試之間。二、做題步驟及解題技巧根據(jù)專升本考試的時(shí)間安排，做一篇篇章閱讀的時(shí)間大致需要控制在10到12分鐘之。要在這個(gè)時(shí)間完成一篇閱讀，需要合理的安排做題的時(shí)間和做題的步驟。建議的做題步驟可以分為以下幾個(gè)階段：1、審清題目閱讀一開始的時(shí)候，首先應(yīng)該讀題，可以用一到兩分鐘的時(shí)間，理解題干的意思，并且可以圈出題目中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。圈出關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，這樣有助于考生能迅速的找到題目所問(wèn)的相關(guān)容，使學(xué)生了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，讓他們明白哪些是重點(diǎn)，哪些是次要點(diǎn)。通過(guò)審題，考生可以對(duì)題目大致有個(gè)了解，這樣便能在閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，讀到相關(guān)容時(shí)提高注意力，能更加著力分析其所含意義，有利于加深印象。2、閱讀文章在閱讀文章的時(shí)候，考生需要以較快的速度從大量材料中捕捉相關(guān)的重要信息，這就便要求考生必須養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。切忌不要逐字逐詞閱讀，理解每一個(gè)單詞、詞組或句子的意思，這樣很花費(fèi)考試時(shí)間，沒(méi)有效率。而是應(yīng)該根據(jù)中心詞和重點(diǎn)詞連貫閱讀，把握每段的中心句或中心思想，根據(jù)題干中標(biāo)出的定位詞在文章中定位關(guān)鍵信息，把握文章的大意。在閱讀整篇文章時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：注重段落首末。近幾年省專升本的閱讀理解題目增加了對(duì)段落首末容的考查。在每段首末處，文章容都會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些很具有代表性的觀點(diǎn)和總結(jié)性的概括，這經(jīng)常會(huì)成為閱讀主旨和總結(jié)的考查地方。讀文章時(shí)特別要注意首段的首尾兩句話，大多數(shù)情況下，這兩句話回事全文的主旨，會(huì)表明整篇文章所表達(dá)意思的基調(diào)和方向。注意轉(zhuǎn)折性連接詞。文中的轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞匯經(jīng)常會(huì)成為閱讀考點(diǎn)的標(biāo)志性詞匯，這類詞匯是考題的解題題眼所在。例如however、but等詞匯，跟在這些詞匯后面的容通常就是考題的答案所在。略讀例句。閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些例句，只用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明文章所述的觀點(diǎn)，這些句子通常是由forexample、forinstance、e.g.等短語(yǔ)或詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。對(duì)于這些例句，除非閱讀文章涉及的題目中有所提及，否則往往可以快速過(guò)掉甚至可以忽略不讀，這樣也能更加的提高閱讀的速度。忽略某些研究所表明的觀點(diǎn)。閱讀文章中，作者在給出某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)后，有時(shí)會(huì)在觀點(diǎn)之后加上某些研究表明(常出現(xiàn)research、survey、study等詞匯)，那么同樣，除非閱讀文章后的題目中有所提及，否則這些research、survey、study等所述的具體容通常也可忽略不讀。因?yàn)橥ǔＧ闆r下，這些都只是作者在表明他的觀點(diǎn)后面，為了進(jìn)一步論證這一觀點(diǎn)，使文章更具有說(shuō)服力，使他的觀點(diǎn)更加鮮明。然而，這些例子或者研究其本身對(duì)文章的主旨大意并沒(méi)有任何影響，因此可以忽略。3、理解解題在閱讀完整篇文章之后，考生能了解和理解其大致意義，對(duì)文章也有了整體把握，這么更能有助于他們解題。解題時(shí)通常可以通過(guò)之前審題圈出的關(guān)鍵詞，找出關(guān)鍵詞所在原文的句子或者段落。對(duì)這句話或者段落重點(diǎn)理解和分析，然后再聯(lián)系考生自我對(duì)文章的整體把握，逐一排除選項(xiàng)，最后選出最佳答案。三、主要題型（一）主旨大意題主旨大意題主要是考察學(xué)生概括、綜合的能力。從整體上來(lái)說(shuō)，主旨大意題是閱讀題型中要求算高的，因?yàn)樗罂忌赐晡恼潞?，能?duì)文章的大概框架作一個(gè)宏觀把握，歸納文章的要點(diǎn)，概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇結(jié)構(gòu)，從而解答后面的題目。一般來(lái)說(shuō)主旨大意題的考點(diǎn)都會(huì)很明顯在出現(xiàn)在文章之中，通常的位子會(huì)是首段的首句或者尾句，更或者主題就存在與文章末尾段。在讀文章的時(shí)候，特別要注意首尾兩端有轉(zhuǎn)折性的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后面的語(yǔ)句大多數(shù)會(huì)是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，切忌注意。1、主旨大意題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpress/summarize/conveythemainideaofthepassage?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThispassageismainly/primarilyconcernedwith.Thispassageismainlyabout.Thispassagemainlydiscusses/dealswith.Thepurpose/aimofthepassageisto.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto.Thepassageisintendedto.2、主旨大意題解題技巧文章首尾，首段首尾成為常見命題點(diǎn)。對(duì)于整篇文章來(lái)說(shuō)，中心句、主題句通常就是在首尾的位子。同樣，對(duì)于段落也是如此，段首和段末一般是該段的主旨句。對(duì)于閱讀時(shí)間緊的同學(xué)，有的時(shí)候?qū)嵲谑菫榱斯?jié)約時(shí)間，可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)分析主題句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。(2)標(biāo)志性引導(dǎo)詞。常見的標(biāo)志性引導(dǎo)詞有but,however等轉(zhuǎn)折性的連接詞和表因果的連詞because,therefore,for,asaresult等。它們所引導(dǎo)的句子往往會(huì)標(biāo)明作者的意圖和觀點(diǎn)，需要著重分析理解。(3)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。在文章的首段或者尾段帶有冒號(hào)和破折號(hào)的語(yǔ)句通常是作者的想法，表明文章的容和主體。Forexample:2010年工商大學(xué)閱讀理解Text5第51題：ThewordreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligio,whichdenotesbothearnestobservanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusage,religioncoversawidespectrumofmeaningthatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbeinterpreted.Atoneextreme,manycommittedbelieversrecognizeonlytheirowntraditionasareligion,understandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertoreferexclusivelytothepracticesoftheirtradition.Althoughmanybelieversstopshortofclaiminganexclusivestatusfortheirtradition,theymayneverthelessusevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligionforexample,trueloveofGod,orthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextreme,religionmaybeequatedwithignorance,fanaticism,orwishfulthinking.Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualreality,itispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmakingclaimsaboutwhatitreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasingle,fixedmeaning,orevenazonewithclearboundaries.Itisanaspectofhumanexperiencethatmayintersect,incorporate,ortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.SuchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksoflimitingtheinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategoriessuchasmonotheism(beliefinonegodonly)ortochurchstructure,whicharenotuniversal.Forexample,intribalsocieties,religionunliketheChristianchurchusuallyisnotaseparateinstitutionbutpervadesthewholeofpublicandprivatelife.InBuddhism,godsarenotascentralastheideaofaBuddha.Inmanytraditionalcultures,theideaofasacredcosmicorderisthemostprominentreligiousbelief.Becauseofthisvariety,somescholarsprefertouseageneraltermsuchasthesacredtodesignatethecommonfoundationofreligiouslife.Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbereducedtoanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoofgroupdynamics.Religionincludespatternsofbehaviorbutalsopatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesahighlyorganizedinstitutionthatsetsitselfapartfromaculture,anditissometimesanintegralpartofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressedinvisualsymbols,danceandperformance,elaboratephilosophicalsystems,legendaryandimaginativestories,formalceremonies,anddetailedrulesofethicalconductandlaw.Eachoftheseelementsassumesinnumerableculturalforms.Insomewaysthereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumanculturalenvironments.51.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedabout？Religionhasavarietyofinterpretation.Religionisareflectionofignorance.ReligionisnotonlyconfinedtotheChristiancategories.Religionincludesallkindsofactivities.解析：答案A。題目就是一個(gè)典型的主旨大意題，問(wèn)及全文的主要容，考查考生的總結(jié)和歸納能力。整篇文章是都是圍繞“religion”這個(gè)單詞展開說(shuō)明，介紹這個(gè)單詞的起源以及它的含義和解釋。從第一段第二句和文章最后一句話可以看出，“religion”的解釋和表現(xiàn)形式有很多種，全文其他部分都是在對(duì)此進(jìn)行說(shuō)明和補(bǔ)充，因此答案為A。2008年工商大學(xué)閱讀理解Passage1第81題：Scienceisguidedbythevastbodyofscientificlawsthathavebeenestablishedthroughcarefulexperimentationoverthepast300years.Althoughthereisnopreciseprescriptionfordoingscience,thereisageneralschemefordoingscience.Sciencebeginswhenanaturalphenomenonisobservedthatraisesaquestionforwhichthereisnoknownanswer.Doingscienceinvolvesthinkingofwaystoexplainthenaturalphenomenonandansweringthequestionraised.Thevariousexplanationsinventedbyascientistinvolveacreativeprocessthatisbasedonone'sownpersonalexperiencesaswellasknownscientificlawsandtheories.Thinkingoftheinitialquestiontoaskabouttheobservedphenomenon,andallconceivable(能想得出來(lái)的)explanations(orhypotheses)toexplainthephenomenonareamongthemostcreativemomentsindoingscience.Ahypothesisisbasedonone'spersonallifeexperiences,andcanalsoembodyaknownscientifictheoryorlaw.Thecombinationofatheoryorlawthatappliestothephenomenonunderstudyplusthescientist'sproposedhypothesistoexplainthephenomenoniscalledamodel.Amodelcanbeastatementofaconcept,aphysicalmodel,adiagram,oramathematicalexpression.Theprocessofexplainingthepatternsandtrendsindatabasedonknownscientifictheoryiscalledmodelingthedata.Areasonthatamodelisalwayssimplerthantheactualphenomenonobservedisthatthetheoriesandlawsaresimplificationsandgeneralizationsofthepatternsobservedinnature.Thebasicpremiseinscienceisthatknowledgeisadvancedwhenacorrespondenceisfoundbetweenthemodelandtheobservedphenomenon.Thefoundationsofscientificinquiryinthephysicalsciencesrestondevelopingtheskillstoposeascientificquestion,todevelop,totestandtoapplyascientificmodelthatadequatelyaccountsfortheobservedphenomena.85.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?HypothesisandModelinScience.TheFunctionofaHypothesis.HowisScienceDone?PhenomenonandScientificInquiry.解析：答案C。這道題考查的也是考生對(duì)文章主旨的把握。這道題還是需要通讀全文之后才能選出正確的答案，A這個(gè)選項(xiàng)表示科學(xué)中的假說(shuō)和模型，這個(gè)只是文章第二段的描述和歸納，不全面。B項(xiàng)表示假說(shuō)的運(yùn)用，也只是文章第二段的一個(gè)容，并非全文的主旨。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)明是科學(xué)探究與現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)象，這個(gè)只是第三段的概括說(shuō)明。全文是闡述了科學(xué)是怎么形成的，故答案為C。短文細(xì)節(jié)題短文細(xì)節(jié)題考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解考試中所占的比重相當(dāng)大，細(xì)節(jié)題的容包含廣闊，很細(xì)小的點(diǎn)都會(huì)成為細(xì)節(jié)題的考點(diǎn)。這類問(wèn)題要求考生需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的理解與文章有關(guān)的容，正確把握文章的情感，以及找出其他有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或具體的數(shù)據(jù)等。短文細(xì)節(jié)題有個(gè)很明顯的特點(diǎn)就是問(wèn)題答案能在文章中直接找出。很多時(shí)候答案都是原句換了一個(gè)表示的詞匯，但是意思仍與作者意圖相同。由于考試時(shí)間非常緊，對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)，做好細(xì)節(jié)題，首先是要在原文找到相關(guān)信息。首先就需要理解題干的意思，找出關(guān)鍵詞，然后再到文章中定位到相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)此句再進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析和理解。1、短文細(xì)節(jié)題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whichofthefollowingistrue/false?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhichofthefollowingisnottheresultof?Whatcauses?Whydoestheauthormention?Theauthorgivesthisexampletoillustrate?Whichofthefollowingarepeopleallowedtodo?Whatdoweknowabout?Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof?ThequestioninlinesXXisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?TheauthoruseswhichofthefollowingintheXXparagraph?InlineXXtheauthordistinguishesbetween?2、短文細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧關(guān)鍵詞定位，利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或者關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)快速在文中找到相應(yīng)的詞或句子，在對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或句子所在的句子中認(rèn)真理解分析，再選出答案。在重要、關(guān)鍵的詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)下做上記號(hào)，如表示時(shí)間與年代的詞；表示條件、目的、方法、步驟、原因等詞；表示人名、地名或其他的專有名詞；數(shù)據(jù)；某些副詞(如：always,seldom,absolutely,entirely,relatively,particularly,hardly,merely,virtually等等)，這些詞匯或短語(yǔ)都有可能成為答案所在的標(biāo)志。注意留意復(fù)合句，如同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、不定式等，往往這種復(fù)合句能使考生更加明了作者的意圖。圈出表示條件、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、例證、原因、總結(jié)等語(yǔ)標(biāo)詞，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子很有可能藏有考點(diǎn)，它們均與短文細(xì)節(jié)有所關(guān)聯(lián)。Forexample:2012年省專升本閱讀試題PassageFour中第16題：TheU.S.TravelAssociationconfirmedinasurveywhatmanyfrustratedfliersalreadyknow:TheNo.1airportheadacheispassengerswhopulltoomanycarry-onbagsthroughsecurityandontoflights.Thatnumberhasskyrocketedinrecentyears—86millionmorebagswerecarriedonintheyearthanduringthesameperiodtwoyearsearlier,theTransportationSecurityAdministrationestimates.Thereasonforthecarry-onjumpisnomystery:Allthemajordomesticairlinesnowchargetocheck托(運(yùn))evenonebag,generally$25.Tosavemoneyandtimeatthebaggageclaim,passengerscarryasmuchastheycanonboard,withpredictableconsequences.Atsecuritycheckpoints,thesemillionsofextrabags,manyofthemdenselypacked,meanlongerlines.Oncepastsecurity,thefuncontinuesatboarding.Onatypicalflight,there'safiercefightforscarceoverheadbinspace,extendingtheboardingprocess.Bagsthatarestuffedunderseatsmakepassengersevenmoreuncomfortable.Therehasgottobeabetterway.Infact,thereis.Here'swhatamoresensiblesystemwouldlooklike:Nofeeforthefirstpieceofcheckedluggage.Itwouldbebetterifairlinessimplyraisedfares(機(jī)票)insteadoffees.Limitthecarry-onsizeandchargeforlargecarry-ons.Usetemplates(標(biāo)尺)atthesecuritycheckpointstocutoffthemonsterbagsthatnowoftenescapeairlinestaff'snoticeuntilthey'rerightatthedooroftheplane.Taxtheairlines'incomefromfeesthesamewaythatfaresaretaxed.Currently,thefeesaretaxfree,encouragingairlinestogenerateincomethroughfeesratherthanfareincreases.We'resympathetictotheairlineindustry'sneedtomakemoney,butthebaggagefees—previouslyintendedtooffsetrisingfuelcosts—havebecomeaninterruptionthatslowsdownthesecuritycheck,offloadscostsontofliersandmakestheboardingprocessevenmoreunpleasantthanitalreadyis.1．Whatmakestheairtravelersmostfrustratedattheairport?Thelimitedoverheadbinspaceforbags.ThenumberofbagstheycarryonboardThelonglineatthebaggageclaim.Theextrafeetheyhavetopayforcarry-ons.解析：B。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞frustrated可以定位到文章第一段。得知：讓乘客最為頭痛的就是安檢和登機(jī)的時(shí)候攜帶過(guò)多的行。故答案為B。詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)是指在閱讀理解中，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的意思和自己所學(xué)的容去推測(cè)不熟悉或者陌生的詞匯或者短語(yǔ)的大意，要求考生就詞匯或者短語(yǔ)找出近義詞或者合理的解釋說(shuō)明。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：考查考生熟悉詞匯的生僻含義，即很多詞匯考生了解其通常含義，但是在具體的情境和語(yǔ)境之中，詞匯會(huì)有一些不常用的陌生意義。⑵考查考生對(duì)指代詞的理解，例如文章中所出現(xiàn)的it,this,that等指代詞，考查這些詞匯所指代的意思?？疾榭忌ㄟ^(guò)對(duì)其近義詞、反義詞甚至是修飾詞的理解去猜測(cè)詞匯意思?？疾榭忌斫馕闹匈嫡Z(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)的意思。1、詞義猜測(cè)題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheword“…”inthepassagemeans.Theword“…”(Line…)couldbebestreplacedby.Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”isreferredtoas.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests.Thesentence“….”meansthat.Thesentence“…”canbeparaphrasedas.Whatdoesthesentence“…”mean?Whatdoesthesentence“…”imply?Theword“it”(Line…)refersto.Theword“one”couldbebestreplacedbuywhichofthefollowingwords?Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto“…”?Theterm“…”inparagraph...canbebestreplacedby.2、詞義猜測(cè)題答題技巧(1)可根據(jù)所考查詞匯與整篇文章主旨的關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)，與主題基調(diào)和意義相近或者相符合的，通常就是詞匯的適當(dāng)解釋。通過(guò)文章中對(duì)詞匯或者短語(yǔ)的定義和解釋來(lái)猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義。在閱讀中，有的所考詞匯作者會(huì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行定義或者解釋說(shuō)明，這樣考生就能夠直接的正確理解詞匯的意思。利用文章中的同義詞和反義詞來(lái)猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義。在很多情況下，考生可以通過(guò)理解所考詞匯的同義詞或者反義詞，來(lái)判斷詞匯的意思。通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義。上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是個(gè)很好的推理依據(jù)，根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、論證關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和對(duì)比關(guān)系等，來(lái)確定詞匯語(yǔ)義。利用某系詞綴可以猜測(cè)詞語(yǔ)的意思?？忌枰莆粘Ｒ姷那熬Y和后綴，例如看到un,im,in,ab等開頭的詞匯，通常就是表示反義的意思。Forexample:2012年省專升本閱讀試題PassageThree中第12題：Wecovet(垂涎)theirfood,theirwineandtheirabilitytostayslimwhileconsumingboth…butshouldwebeadmiringtheFrenchfortheirparentingskills,aswell?Inherverybuzzynewbook,“BringingUpBebe,”AmericanmomandParisresidentPamelaDruckermanmakestheargumentthattheFrenchhavealeguponrearingtheirchildren.“There'ssomethingaboutthewaytheFrenchparentthatmakesitlessofagrindandmoreofapleasure,”writesDruckerman,aformerWallStreetJournalreporter.Shecitesa2009studyfindingmothersinOhiothinkcaringfortheirchildrenisfarlesspleasantthanmothersinRennes,France.WhatexactlydoFrenchparentsdothat'ssodifferentfromAmericanparents?Afewexamples:Teachingkidspatienceandself-controlthroughdelayedgratification:Frenchparentsteachtheirchildrentowaitforwhattheywantfromanearlyage—forafewminutes,usually—insteadofimmediatelygivingintokids'demands.“I'mnowconvincedthatthesecretofwhyFrenchkidsrarelywhineorcollapseintotantrums（發(fā)脾氣）一oratleastdosolessthanAmericankids—isthatthey'vedevelopedtheinternalresourcestocopewithfrustration,”Druckermanwrites.Sleeptrainingoftenbeginsatbirth:InFrance,babiesareexpectedtobesleepingthroughthenightbythetimethey'refourmonthsold.Parentsdon'tignoretheirbabies'criesbuttheydopausebeforerespondingtothem.“Frenchparentsbelieveit'stheirjobtogentlyteachbabiestosleepwell,”shewrites.“Theydon'tviewbeinguphalfthenightwithaneight-month-oldasasignofparentalcommitment.”Theydon'tgiveintoguiltoverspendingtimeawayfromtheirkids:Frenchwomenbelievethat“it'sunhealthyformothersandchildrentospendalltheirtimetogether....Children—evenbabiesandtoddlers一gettocultivatetheirinnerliveswithoutamother'sconstantinterference.”12.Theunderlinedwords“havealegup”inParagraph2probablymeans.offerhelpgainadvantageactfaststandup解析：B。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中的up一詞，就可以推測(cè)其意思應(yīng)該是正面積極的。由第一段的最后一句shouldwebeadmiringtheFrenchfortheirparentingskills,aswell?我們是否也該羨慕法國(guó)人養(yǎng)育子女的能力？有下文可知法國(guó)人在養(yǎng)育子女方面是有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)的，故答案B符合。推理判斷題推理判斷題是要求考生通過(guò)閱讀玩文章后，根據(jù)所讀容、文章主旨、邏輯分析以及文化背景等對(duì)所考查容進(jìn)行推敲和判斷，從而理解作者的想表達(dá)的深層含義。閱讀理解中涉及推理判斷的面很廣泛，凡是沒(méi)有明確表達(dá)的意思，屬于字里行間隱含的意思都屬于推理的圍。這部分題往往出題量較大，難度較大，錯(cuò)誤率也比較高，考生在做這類題時(shí)首先要盡量避免其他項(xiàng)的干擾。1、推理判斷題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThepassageimplies/suggests/showsthat.Itisimplied/suggested/indicatedinthepassagethat.Itcanbeinferred/seen/concludedfromthepassagethat.Theauthorimplies/suggests/indicatesthat.Wecanlearn/concludefromthepassagethat.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?Whichofthefollowingconclusionscouldbestbedrawnfromthepassage?Basedonthepassage,wecanassume/presumethat.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat.2、推理判斷題答題技巧推理和判斷題一般都會(huì)根據(jù)全文主題的背景，所以考生在做推理判斷題的時(shí)候，一定要注意選項(xiàng)的含義應(yīng)該與全文的基調(diào)保持一致?；谠暮线m的推理和深刻的理解都有可能是正確的詮釋，反而那種照抄原文的通常不會(huì)是正確的選項(xiàng)。在選項(xiàng)中用詞過(guò)于絕對(duì)的，一般不會(huì)是答案推理判斷的原文大多數(shù)會(huì)是對(duì)某一論點(diǎn)的論證或者進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，所以在分析推斷的時(shí)候可以反復(fù)去理解主要的論點(diǎn)。語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折的地方仍會(huì)是出題點(diǎn)，著重注意。Forexample:2012年省專升本閱讀試題PassageTwo中第8題：LloydSlocumwasunemployedfor18months,butlikehundredsofthousandsofAmericans,he'sworkianrgtptimethisholidayshoppingseason,unloadingtrucksandstockingshelvesforaBeallsstoreinPortSt.Lucie,Fla.“Itgivesyousomethingtolookforwardto,”saysSlocum,29.HeplanstousecashtobuyhfiastheraChristmaspresaenndthopestomoveontoafutlilm-epositionwithBealls/Burke'sstores,aSunbeltchain.BlackFriday,theofficiasltartofholidayshoppingheat,alsokicksofftheless-celebratedseasonofthepart-timeworker.（零^售商）aSonearehiringabout500,000seasonalemployeesthisyear,mostofwhomarepaacrctortdimneg,totheNationalRetailFederation.Retailers'recentshifttoopeningonThanksgivingmidnightonBlackFridayhasintensifiedtheneedforpart-timeworkers.Holidayjobsofferfinaanncdiaelmotionallifelineformanyofthenation'sjobless.Theyalsopointupatroublingreality:Anear-recordnumberofAmericansarworkingparttimethroughouttheyear,eventhoughtheywouldpreferfull-timejobs.Itisnotjustbecauseoftherecession（經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退）.Economistsciteabroader,longer-termshifttowardpart-timeworkasemployerscutexpensesandmorepreciselymatchstaffingwithupsanddownsofcustomerdemand.Thenumberofpart-timerswhoreallywantfull-timeposition—sso-calledinvoluntarypart-timeemplo—yeheasrisenfrom8.4millioninJanuaryto8.9millionlastmonth,accordingtotheBureauofLaborStatisticTsh.etotalhashungat8.5millionto9millionsinceearl—yd2o0u0b9lethepre-recessionlevel.Bycontrastt,hetotalofunemployedAmericanshasstayedflatatabout13.9millionthiysearandidsownfromabout15millionilnate2009aesmployershadadded2millionorsojobs.Thegapshowshowthenation'sofficial9%joblessratedoesn'tfullyreflectthceauesfefdecbtyahalf-speedeconomicrecovery.8.InAmerica,“BlackFriday”usuallymarksthebeginningof.24-hourworkshiftsThanksgivingdinnerChristmascelebrationsaholidayshoppingseason解析：D。由關(guān)鍵詞BlackFriday定位到原文第四段的第一句話，BlackFriday后面的同位語(yǔ)正好是對(duì)其意思的解釋說(shuō)明：黑色星期五是假期購(gòu)物熱的開始，故D正確。（五）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題閱讀理解中的題目有的時(shí)候會(huì)問(wèn)及作者對(duì)于某一事件或者某一問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度是什么，以及作者對(duì)文章繼續(xù)展開的容判斷等，這樣的題就是觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。解答這種問(wèn)題時(shí)，考生首先應(yīng)請(qǐng)注意篇章中的連詞，這些連詞的運(yùn)用都暗含著作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，從中可以推敲出作者的意圖。然后需要注意有些表明作者觀點(diǎn)的詞匯和語(yǔ)句，考生就可以根據(jù)這些詞匯和語(yǔ)句的情感來(lái)判斷作者的態(tài)度?？傮w來(lái)講，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的題比較難，對(duì)于這類問(wèn)題的回答，考生應(yīng)從篇章的體裁和風(fēng)格入手，再?gòu)奈恼碌恼撌龇椒ā⒄Z(yǔ)氣和措辭中把握作者對(duì)事物的喜好，從而了解作者的情感與態(tài)度。1、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題常見設(shè)問(wèn)方式What'sthetoneofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoward...?Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?What'stheauthor'sopinionof/about.?Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowards.?Whatdoestheauthorthinkof.?Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheauthorseemstobeinfavoroftheideaof.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat.Theauthor'sattitudetowards.mightbebestsummarizedas.Inthewriter'sopinion,.Accordingtotheauthor,.Theauthorofthepassageseemstobe.Thetoneoftheauthoris.2、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題的解題技巧(1)對(duì)于態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題的解答，把握文章的體裁非常重要。如果文章是說(shuō)明性文章，介紹某一事物或者是說(shuō)明某一現(xiàn)象，由于說(shuō)明文本身的客觀性，通常情況下作者所持的態(tài)度會(huì)是中立的。如果是記敘文的話，作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度不會(huì)很明顯的顯示出來(lái)，但是會(huì)暗含于述的語(yǔ)句之中，這就要求考生好好推敲某些詞匯的情感，找出那些渲染氣氛和表現(xiàn)情感的語(yǔ)句。⑵注重表示觀點(diǎn)或者態(tài)度的引導(dǎo)詞，例如：inmypoint,asfarasIamconcerned,inmyopinion,Ithink/suppose/argue/believe/claim等。它們后面所接的語(yǔ)句會(huì)是作者的觀點(diǎn)，切忌注意。注意轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比的地方，也會(huì)是作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)。轉(zhuǎn)折或者對(duì)比處，也就是作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方，此處