Comparative study on Chinese and British residences and culture values 英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

onandBritishresidencesvaluesAtthecompletionthisthesis,IwouldextendsinceregratitudetotheandusefulsuggestionshehasmyIgratefulhishelptheofmyThenmythankstoparentsfortheircontinuousandencouragement.butnotleast,IamstillgratefultootherhadinstudyofthealsotowhohelpedduringAbstractThepatternistheabstractoftheaculturetheculturalproductsspecificofthepattern.Valueinterpersonalisimportantonetheespeciallyresidence,maintainsmostrelationshipbeings,anditsfeaturesmaymostdirectlyreflectthelocalandcharacter.TraditionalresidencethecourtyardtheuniquestructureofsoilandtimberwhichembodiestheculturevalueofstyleofhousereflectsthevalueofComparativeonBritishresidencesmadeinthisiinrevealthepatterninthebydifferentresidencesofdifferent’slifestyles,charactersandsomewordsanditisthattheredistinctionsbetweentheofofofprivacy.KeyWordsCulturalSemanticsresidencesChinaBritain摘

文化模式是文化成果的抽象,文化成果是文化模的具體體現(xiàn)。建筑，尤其是住宅建筑，與人類生活息息相關(guān)。受集體主義價(jià)值模式的影響，中國形成四合院式、土木結(jié)構(gòu)的住宅；而英國個(gè)人主義價(jià)值模式的影響形成了獨(dú)立式的住宅。本文通過比較中英建筑的區(qū)別，揭示其文化模式的差異。人們的生活習(xí)慣又受到這兩種不同風(fēng)格住宅的影響，并形成一些特有的民族語言及民族文化語義。從而得出了中英文化中不同的個(gè)人獨(dú)立狀態(tài)和私人空間意識(shí)。關(guān)詞

住宅,中國英國,文化價(jià)值，文化語義學(xué)iiContentsTheoreticalfoundation:cultureculturalsemantics..................................12.1Comparativestudyofcultures12.2Culturalsemantics...........................................................................................andculture......................................................................................33.1astheproduct3.2Residencethefeatures.................................................................................4.1residences4.2Britishresidences74.3Comparisonofthefeatures8and5.1Theof85.2Theof9andandsocial11Conclusion...........................................................................................................WorksCited13iiiCultureisintellectualandspiritualofItbeintotwoculture-pattern.Culture-productiscreatedbystructurefunctionsofaIttheexteriorcharacteristicsofculturetheculture-patternisthebasicdominatingpartfromtheculturalofvarioustypes,itdealswiththeofTheculture-patternisabstractoftheculturalofculturetype,whileculturalproductsaretheofcultureI).Thus,studybetweenisjustrevealtheculturethroughcomparisontheculturalsuchtraditionalarchitectures,andon.typeoftheculturalproductbyofculturepattern.TherehavebeenofbooksonbetweenChineseandwesternculturesthroughfeaturesfromavarietyofconceptsofstatesofindependence,ofarchitectureson.AndtherearealsocomparativearchitecturesbuiltinChineseBritishgardens.paperdealswithdifferentculturalinofBritishfromtheviewofculturalsemantics.ItismainlydividedintoThefirstpartconcernsthetheoriespaper.Theisthetheculturaltheconventionsofpeoplewho’slivingin.ThenabriefaccountonthemainfeaturesoftheChineseandresidencesisgiveninAndnextisthereasonofconventionsintwoofresidencesshapedthevaluesofcollectivism.Theoreticalculturecultural2.1ComparativestudyofcultureshavebeenoverfourdefinitionsfortoCourseofCulturology.typicalinthefield.1TheythatoftheBritishanthropologistTylorasfirstofculture.Hesaid:“Cultureisthatcomplexwholeincludesbelief,art,law,custom,anycapabilitiesacquiredmanamemberofsociety.AndA.L.Kroeberdefineditas“CulturemadeupexteriorandinteriorbehaviorThesebehaviortransferredthroughsymbolicculturerepresentstheremarkableofofincludinginman-madethecoreofcultureisthetraditionalselectedinandespeciallythevalueitbroughtin.theonehandtheculturesystemberegardedasproductsocialactivity;onthehanditisthedeterminingofinthefuture(WuKeliTylor’sioninfieldofculturologythebeginningthesubject.AndKroeber’siswidelyacceptedandisconsideredtobetheecauseofthecomplicationofthecultureandit’shardtogivecdefinition,manyscholarsareinclineditconciseparts.Forexample,someonehasitfourpartsculture-spiritandIntopithier,Liumadeitintotwoculture-productculture-pattern.culture-patternofbehavior,(LiuⅠ).AndIprefertypeofconceptionofculturebecauseitupculturebothnarrowisthecultureinbroadsense.Itincludesallthemadeinarchitectures,clothes,socialsoSuchculture-productisspecificoftheculture-pattern.Forfeaturesofcourtyardshowvividlyvalueofcollectivismthecountry;whiletypeofdiscloseoftheCulture-pattern,whichthedominationofisthesenseofisinallistheabstractoftheofconcernsthecharacteristicsoftheinteriormaketheinternalcauseofexternalappearancesofculturalproducts.ForofChineseofthepeopleliketoliveconnectedtoformAndaoftheindividualism,theBritishprefertheseparatedfarfromeach2Culturecanbeculture-productandculture-pattern.whichthecomparisonstudyingspeaking,suchstudytheculturepatterncomparingthefeaturestheculturalForthisdealswiththeofChineseandBritisharchitecturestheThen,toouttheofarchitecturesisoftheHowever,intoitbetheculturewhichconductedthatis,differentvaluesofindividualismand2.2CulturalsemanticsCultureisaoflifeinsociety,andnationsandhavedifferentiatedwithThenationalcharacterculturethatcultureaswillitsitistheculturepeopledependingtocomprehendandaofculturallinguistics,culturalsemanticstheethnoculturalsemanticofwords,theirrationalmethodinformthenationalculture;itisinfluencethatculturalaffectthefromofitthecomparisonontwolanguagescategoriesofsemanticsethnoculturalsemantics(e.g.culture-antonym)andon(WuGuohuaisproductoftheincivilsociety.Ittowardsforactivities.LanguagearemarkableachievementoftheciviloffromthedependsonculturereflectionofWordsoutoflifelivingsurroundings,conditionsofnation.thisconductscharacteristicoftheandtheculturalcloselywithslivingactivitiesandalsothenationalthesemantics.isofculturalproductcreatedinhumansociety.3areallcateringforthecertaincultureofsociety.Andtakestheleadpositionallof3.1astheproductArchitecturesappearasaresultofoneofneedsofforshelteringfromwindThus,architecturesconsideredtobeonethemostimportantmaterialneedsforhumanliving.“Materialneedsforlivingarethebasicneedsofgreatimportanceformankind’sexistence,andtheyaretheonouttheiractivities.JudgingfromqualityofthetheyareWhiletheyofinsocietyofcivilization,theshapedasaofcateringpeople’stastesofdifferentThus,substancesnaturalworldbeenbyculturesbecamefullofculturalinformation”(LiuLiuinbookhetheofexamplesforhisbetweenChineseandwesterncultures.onarchitecturesreceivedculturalmeaningsweremadethat:“HousestheancienttimeswereverysimplewithoutWithofthesocialbegantheirthingstosimpletheybuiltastheirabilitiesofwerestrengthened.AswentthegraduallygotculturalinformationbecametheofdifferentculturesiuResultedinthevariationofpeople’sintentionandactivities,variousofarchitectureswithdifferentbeing,suchaspalaces,temples,gardenssoon.Anditissaidthat:“Theabilityofbuildingahouseforcomprehensivecapabilityfromavarietyofaspectsoffields.canthedifferentculturesandpeople’slivingstylesinvariousperiods”(FanFromthis,itisthatistheculturalproducts.Anditisculturethatleadstofeatures.3.2ResidenceHousebuiltforlivingkindofforthebasicpracticaluseinlife.AnditaleadingamongallThereaofbehavioralscientiststhat:“Theclothesaretheexpansionone’sskin,whiletheresidenceisthelimbs.”4Suchaexplainstofullthatwhatthinkinginhismindaffectenvironmental“ResidenceisoneofthebasiclivingmaterialsofItisthewherepeoplecarryofactivities,ashavingholdingmarriage,sacrificesandsoon.Theappearancetheisthemarkofthehumancivilizations”(WangWeialsosaidinhisbookthat:“Houseisakindofofpracticalforresiding,andittocreationofbeauty(Fromallwordsabove,theresidencemaintainsmostcloserelationshippeople’slifeandisthehousespendon.aconclusionbereachedisabletomirrorthecultureofresidence,toreflectstheoftheresidents’characterstowardsthesocietyandtheworld.Therefore,wecansaythattheresidenceistheexpansionnotonlyofone’slimbsbutalsooftheideasandconcepts.formofthatcanbetoextentrepresentativeofthecharacterandtheofThen,ofincountrybereflectionthetraditionalculturethenation.4.ResidencesandthefeaturesChina,oftheofcivilizationsinworld,hascultureofinfluencetheGreatBritainislikeothercountriesoncontinentwhichhadexperiencedtheRomanMid-AgestheChristatypicalcountryofwesternThebookofMarcobroughtculturesintotheEuropeanworldandmadegreatimpactonpeople’slives,includingtheoftheBritishinterestinChineseConfucius,tea,etc.cultureofbeendevelopedinBritishwaythegardens“LeJardinAnglo-”hadoncebeenfocusedonattentivelyalloverthecontinent.betweenfeaturesofthesearebecausetheytypicalofinthe54.1ChineseresidencesAposedofgroups,inareForreasons,residencesofareoftypesoflivinghousesasbamboohousesinsouthwestthecountry,the“denresidenceontheLoessPlateauHowever,amongalltypesofisaformcalledquadranglecourtyardasoriginalstructurewhicharchitecturesdeveloped.howcourtyardfromthestructureofTheoriginalformofcommonpeoplelivinghouseofroomsinalinewithadoorinthecentralone…Thenasthepopulationgrowslarger,thefamilythetoformanenclosureinanenclosureiscalledthequadranglecourtyard.Andforabiggerfamily,onsingletoitmoreyardstoortothewidth.It’spopularextendofyardandthenitintosecondyard,thethirdyard,orevenmore.It’ssoeasytochangetheyardinsizethatitcatersforChineseintraditionalthecityofBeijingisfortraditionalmanypeoplehaveideathatit'sthetypeofhouseinthecityonly.Inframestructureofbuildingsthatcanfoundallthe“Seeingfromtheofhistory,conventionsofcharacteristics.However,countryforlongintheallthesharedacommoncultureTheevolutionofprocessfromtheresidencesintimes,thehouseofsoilwallbuiltongroundwell-formedcourtyardforlongtimeofframework,courtyardmakesuniqueChinesearchitecturescharacteristics.Thiskindofstructureistherootofmost6ChinesethatitcanbefoundalltheForinstance,theofpalaces,monasteries,temparebasedonthisstructure”(Gao3-4).ItoutthatcourtyardsocommonastructurespreadingallovercountryitisthetraditionalofhouseinChina.Acourtyardreferstowithroomsonsides,whichisoccupiedofafewrooms.fourarebycorridors.TheiscompactisusuallywithgardensinsidetheForthecomplexityoftheofgeographicalculturalofsuchlargecourtyardintoformsinsizearesmallwithonesurroundedbyhouses,orhousealongofquadrangle.Andoftoo.ChineseEmperorpalaceZijincheng,isthecourtyardinworld.4.2BritisharemainlythreetraditionalintheBritishsociety.highestsocialofnobilityhadtheirseatsinthecountrysideandalsohousesinthecities.“Theofcentury,thesmallcomfortablevillasofthebuiltondistrictsbecamepeople”usuallytwostoreys,withroomsoneachfloor,oneinthefrontandtoback.Sometimesisaabovethehall.Oldhousesinthecentralareasofcityarelargerinsizehigherwithstoreys.ofthemwithallSucharelargeupthattheyaretheexpensivetypeofhousing.MostoftheBritishareyearningforsuchahousefor“ithasfromisforkeengardenerswhohaveplentyoftimetoworkingarden”WuaretypesofBritishhousessuchthesemi-detachedterraces,blocksofAmongthesethesemi-detachedisthemostofhouseisbuiltofaofwhichawall.landbecausetheydohave7alllikeaThehousehasaatfrontlargeratgarageatSuchofsemi-detachedkeepquietsurroundingsfornotasexpensiveasdetachedones.Thesemi-detachedbuiltmainlyatedgeofBesides,thethefavoriteofthoseoldofflatsareinterestin.4.3Comparisonofthefeaturesfromtheexterior,Britishusuallywithhighsharproofswithshapeofacuteanglepointingintothesky,akindofspirit.Andarestandingaboveonground,likeamanflauntingThesehousesindividuallyfromChinesearemainlynothighlybutspreadingontheofground.bycorridorsandpavilionstoawhole.There’snoarchitectureofsinglehouseinChinesestyle,eventhesimplestlivingforthecommonsareenclosuresaofTheBritisharchitecturesusuallymadeoflikeofsculpturethatrobustwithoutanyconnectionstosurroundings.Thehouseisdependingwallstotherooftostand.However,differentinhouses.Thetraditionalareofwallframework.Itnotwallbutthetimberroof.Inofframeworkwillusualevenifthewereoff.5.1TheofdistinctionsTheofinculturepatternofthetwocountries.AsBritishpatternonindividualismthecollectivism.AccordingtoLiu’sresearchontheoriginationofculture,itoriginatedtheinteractionofnaturehumanbeings.Asaoffromthetheresistanceof8thecreated(LiuThatistothecultureintheoftheTheGreatBritainiscountryupofwithallisseparatedfromthemainfromtheisthesea,bysailingBritishconquertheworld.FortheconceptofbeingconquerorofthecameintoTheBritishareindependentonthenaturealsopeopleTheytheideaofhasalargeterritoryandchallengeismainlyfromgroundbutthesea.TheChineseattitudetowardsnotconqueringforliving.dependingonthenaturecomplyingwiththeenvironment.takenatureasafrienduniqueisthatarewithnature.tobeChinesetraditionalphilosophicof“theunificationmanandnature”.Forthis,dependingalsoeachTherefore,ofcollectivismintobeing.SenseofaistheoftherealitytheproductofswhichbethereflectionoftheirtowardsworldisawordBritishcultureandtheitforcomprehenditofthecollectivism,peopleitinasense.InitisdifferentattitudeinterpersonalAndofthetheofthedifferentconceptsofinculture5.2TheembodimentofInfact,asarchitecturebuiltoffeaturesdominatedtheculturepattern,itmayaffectpeople’slifeandcharactersdisclosetheculturetype.TherearestilllivingconventionsreflectingthedifferentculturesjustasthesayingofWinstonChurchill,“wemodeledarchitecturesandthebuildingshavealsoconstructed”9TheofjustliketheBritishofInfact,theBritishalwaystakeindividualsistheirofvalueindividualism.oftheofindividualism,peoplepayspecialattentiononimportanceTheyareseldomdependingonothersorofferingotherstheirhands.self-relianceoftheBritishcharacterbeenlonghistory.AndofBritishnobilityalsodemandsforsuchaself-dependence“Thespiritofnobilityisfeaturedbyforallowsintrudeanyofrights.Ifhewantstoofbeingfree,relyonnooneelsebuthimself”(Qian284).TheBritishalwaysattachimportancetheexercisingchildren’scharacterofself-reliance.TheBritishparents’talwayshavetheinhandletcreepingdoingTheyitnotwithbutinTheywouldliketogivechildrentheirowntheytothemfreedomofwhatwant.Theparentswillnothelpthechildupwhenhe’sslippingdownbutletthemstanduponTheChinesehavebeenalwaystakingtheasimportantthantheNamely,theyareofcollectivism.thisreason,architecturesspecialattentiontothearchitecturesasawhole,justastheChinesepeople.“NoimageofbeingindividualcanfoundintraditionalChineseifthebuildingsofpowerssuchastheemperor’spalacesandthosereligiousarchitectureswouldnotemphasizeoneindividualparttoitsforittobethepowerfulthattheofgod,nature.Henceconstructionofanarchitecturepowersneedsmoreattentionsonthecharacteristicofcombination”(17).IntheuniquetimberstructurearchitecturesalsothenationalityofSuchatimberthetimberframeworkcomposedofbeams,purlinsofThisreflectstheofdependenceoneachother.timberstructureinwordsthat“Thewallsmaytoppledownbuttheroofwillnotcollapse”(ZhuAnd10wouldliketocallpeopleplayroleofafamilylargergroupthe“dingliangzhuthepartoftimberframeworkthatistheroleofstructure.TheseofcooperationareconsideredtobetraditionalofChineseFortheChinesearefortheirhospitalityandhelpfulnessbecausetheytoeachother.Theywillouttooffertheirhandsifthereisimportantincourtyardevenvillage.MostofChinesetheexperienceofeatingattheneighbors’whenthereisnobodyatAndparentsintryingtomakearrangementforThusarealwaysdependentontheneighborsandPrivacysocialTheformofBritishvividlythespiritofitisalsotheofprivacy,anotheroftheBritishnationalities.“Affectedbytheconceptofindividualism,peoplepursueforconcealedpositionsoflivingtheofprivacywassetforprivateprivateprivaterights.Britishdwellinghousesnotonlythematerialfruitsofcivilizationofsociety,butofrespectsfortheprivacyincivilsociety”(Lu138).asbeinginhouses,preferfortheysolitaryfarawayfrombustleofifinofthesemidetachedthey’dliketoaintheline,andplantinfrontofseparatefromtheneighborssothatlives,socialdealingsanyotherareThereaamongBritishple,“Myhomeismycastle.Thecancomein,butKingsQueenshumanbeingscancomeinwithoutmypermission”(Zhang“Itgivesanaccountofthefreedomandrightspeopleenjoyintheirhousesoffrominterruption”(Li117).TheproverboutstrongawarenessoftheBritishtheirPrivacyisameaningfulthroughtheofconventionsoftheBritish,thatarealwaysreadysayitout.Forexample,it’sconsideredtobeifinwithoutmakinganeven11theyveryclosefriends.ifmakesatelephonecallofnoreasonsorattime,istobeintrudingontheprivacy.IncommunicatingwiththeBritish,shouldspecialattentiontoaspect.IfsomeonekeepssilentwhenmeetingaFrenchman,he’llbethoughtofimpolite;whilewithanEnglishman,talkinginaloftyconsideredtoberudebecausethethinghedoesn’twanttotalkisalsohisprivacy.Then,toinsidespaceofEveryoneinfamilyownsofthathisprivacyathome.separatedofforTheirofprivacyexistsinfamily,Nowalkintoothers’roombeforeknockingatthedoor,evenifit’stheparentsandchildren.TheBritishwouldliketoknockatdoortotoawaytofaceAndstillbetweencouple.hasprivacyfromthespouse.Forexample,husbandhasfreedomnottotellhiswifewhatdoesn’twantsay.Thespousescankeepsecretsfromeachother.Theyhavetheirrightstospendmoneyandtheyusuallyseparatelygoingout.DifferentfromBritishhouses,courtyardisofunitofhousesbycorridors.Itthattheseparated;however,thereisnofortheyareInthatseverallivingthedoorsandareseldomclosedifthereisapersonin.EverybystopstohaveaAndtheofoneconsideredtobethatfamily,ofevenThissocialwhichisoftheBritishprivacy.Besides,someofthehouseholdshaveuniquekeptdistantfromtheothers,there’snoprivacyinthefamily.“ThedoorsoftheChinesehousesaresetupbecausetheyarealwaysofTheparentswillallowthechildrentodooranddolibertyoutoftheirsights.Theyhavestrongofmakingclear