高二英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法及練習(xí)

高二英語教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit1-2【短語歸類】【考點(diǎn)1】含difference的短語①makea/no/some,etc.difference(tosb/sth)(對(duì)某人／某事物有／沒有／有些關(guān)系(影響)②makeadifferencebetween區(qū)別對(duì)待③makesomedifferenceto對(duì)……有些(沒有)關(guān)系④haveadifferenceincharacter在性格上有差別[例句]Itmakesnodifferencet0mewhichsidemayloseorwin.誰輸準(zhǔn)贏對(duì)我沒有什么關(guān)系。Shemakesadifferencebetweenherfamilyandherwork.她對(duì)工作和家庭是有區(qū)別的?！究祭?】I'mafraidtotellyouthatthemedicinewill____nodifferencetoyourillness。sostoptakingit.A.takeB.makeC.getD.do[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查difference的動(dòng)詞搭配問題。[答案與解析]Bmakeadifference是固定搭配。此時(shí)不可用其他動(dòng)詞。13.draw(one's)attentiontosth.對(duì)……表示注意……Themanagerdrewmyattentiontoanerrorinmyreport.經(jīng)理要我注意報(bào)告中的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。[拓展]payattentionto注意callone'sattentiontosth.叫某人注意某事turnattentiontosth．轉(zhuǎn)移注意力到……【考點(diǎn)2】與fire有關(guān)的短語①beonfire在燃燒②setfiretosth=setsthonfire縱火，放火燒③catchfire著火④makeafire生火⑤lightafire點(diǎn)火⑥putoutafire滅火⑦playwithfire玩火；冒險(xiǎn)⑧beonfirefor因……而激動(dòng)；充滿激情⑨befulloffire充滿激情⑩underfire受到攻擊[例句]Thestudentsareonfireforwhatthey'relearninginthecomputerclass.學(xué)生對(duì)電腦課的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容充滿激情。Theboyisfulloffire.這孩子充滿熱情。Thegrasscaughtfire．a(chǎn)ndthegrasswasonfireforashorttime.草燃著了，草燒了一會(huì)兒。Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者必自焚(諺語)?！嫖?beonfire表示狀態(tài)。而catchfire則表示動(dòng)作-其完成時(shí)不可和段時(shí)間狀語連用?！究祭?】(2004全國卷II)Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen____completely.A.turneddownB.putoutC.putawayD.turnedover[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語辨義。[答案與解析]Bturndown是“調(diào)低。拒絕”的意思；putout是“熄滅，生產(chǎn)，伸出”的意思；putaway是“收拾”的意思；turnover是“翻過來”14.lookupto尊敬；欽佩Hehasalwayslookeduptohisfather.Inhiseyesheisperfect.他一直尊敬他父親。在他的眼中，他是完美的。[拓展]lookdownon/uponsb.輕視、瞧不起某人【考點(diǎn)5】后有to的動(dòng)詞短語①leadto通向；導(dǎo)致②lookupto尊敬③stickto堅(jiān)持④getusedto習(xí)慣于⑤lookforwardto渴望；盼望⑥getdownto認(rèn)真做某事⑦seeto注意；著手辦理⑧payattentionto注意⑨devote...to致力于；投身于⑩belongto屬于⑨attendto照顧；照料⑩objectto反對(duì)⑩beopposedto反對(duì)⑩referto提到；參閱⑩contributeto對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)⑩cometo談到；涉及⑥adjustto適合于[例句]Thebridgeleadstotheisland.這座橋通向那個(gè)島。Somanyspellingmistakesinthearticleledtogreatdifficultyinreading.該篇文章拼寫錯(cuò)誤太多，令人看起來非常費(fèi)勁。He'ssuchadevotedteacherthatwealllookuptohim.他是一個(gè)有奉獻(xiàn)精神的老師，我們都尊敬他。Hehasneverfeltlookedupto.他從沒有覺得有人尊敬他。Thedaytheyhadbeenlookingforwardtocameatlast.他們渴望的那一天終于到來。Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforustogetdowntoourstudies.期末考試就要來了。是我們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了。Thismachineisoutoforder;getamechanictoseetoit.這臺(tái)機(jī)器壞了；找個(gè)技工來檢修一下?！亚樘崾荆阂陨隙陶Z中的to是介詞．后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞?！究祭?】(2004湖北)Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould____it.A.directtoB.sticktoC.leadtoD.referto[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。[答案與解析]Bdirect本身是及物動(dòng)詞。后不需to。referto的意思是“涉及，參閱．指的是”?！究键c(diǎn)3】與turn有關(guān)的短語①turnout生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是②turndown關(guān)小(燈光、音量等)；拒絕③turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于④turnup開大(燈光、音量等)；出現(xiàn)，露面⑤turnon/off打開／關(guān)上⑥turnaside閃開；放在一邊⑦turnover(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)；把某人交給(警方等)⑧turnin上繳；移交⑨t(yī)urnagainst背叛⑩turnaway(from)轉(zhuǎn)過臉不看⑩turnround轉(zhuǎn)過去[例句]Sheturnedoutsixfull-lengthnovelsinherlife.她一生寫了6部長篇小說。Thebeggarturnedout(tobe)athief.那個(gè)乞丐原來是個(gè)賊。Thatradioisprettyloud.Canyouturnitdownalittle?收音機(jī)聲音太大，你能開小一點(diǎn)嗎?ManyboysexpressedtheirlovetoMary,butsheturnedthemalldown.許多男孩向瑪麗表達(dá)愛慕之意，但都被她拒絕了。Afterhelefttheuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterheturnedtotranslation.他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后當(dāng)了教師，但后來轉(zhuǎn)而從事翻譯工作。Weoftenturntothishandbookforinformation.我們經(jīng)常查閱這本手冊(cè)尋找資料。Hepromisedtocome,buthasn'tturnedupyet.他答應(yīng)來，但尚未到。Whenhefelttired,heturnedaside(from)hisbookstolistentotheradio.感到疲勞時(shí)，他就把書放在一邊去聽收音機(jī)?！亚樘崾荆阂獪?zhǔn)確記住不同的搭配，尤其是一個(gè)短語有多個(gè)意思的。【考例3】(2004浙江)Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite____asplanned.A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞短語的辨義。[答案與解析]Bmakeout有“弄清楚。明白”的惠思；turnout的意思是“結(jié)果是．證明是”；goon的意思是“繼續(xù)”!comeup的意思是“過來，走來”。題意是：我們?cè)瓉硐朐谔旌谇暗郊?，但結(jié)果并不像預(yù)計(jì)的那樣?！究键c(diǎn)4】what短語①whatif如果……將會(huì)怎樣?②whatfor為了什么，干什么用③whatabout...……怎么樣?[例句]Whatifshefindsoutyou'velostherbook?如果她發(fā)現(xiàn)你弄丟了她的書將會(huì)是怎樣呢?Whatdidyoudothatfor?你干嗎做那件事?Whatabouthavingarest?休息一會(huì)兒怎么樣?【考例4】(2004全國卷I)--Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?--____?A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查交際用語。[答案與解析]A根據(jù)語境。答語中問的是目的。該句其實(shí)是個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)全后的完整句子是：Igoandemptythatdrawerforwhat。what提前構(gòu)成疑問句就成了whatfor或forwhat?！钤~語比較☆1.observe,watch當(dāng)“觀察”來講時(shí)，observe相當(dāng)于watchcarefully，尤其用于實(shí)驗(yàn)或研究等場合。具體來說，observe含有“察覺到”的意思，watch意為“盯著看”。watch還含有“觀看(比賽、電視)”等，而observe沒有此意。另外，watch還有“照料”之意，相當(dāng)于takecareof。還有“當(dāng)心”之意，相當(dāng)于becarefulwith。Shehasobservedthestarsallherlife.她一生都在觀察星星。I'llwatchthebabywhileyouareaway.你不在時(shí)，由我照料你女兒。You'dbetterwatchMrSmith,Ithinkheisathief.你最好當(dāng)心史密斯先生，我想他是個(gè)賊。2.beknownfor,beknownas,beknowntobeknownfor以……出了名(通常不是指同位的關(guān)系)beknownas作為……出了名(通常加上職業(yè)名詞，表同位關(guān)系)beknownto為……所知Japanisknownforitscars.日本以它的汽車而聞名。Luxunisknownasawriter.魯迅作為作家很出名。Asisknowntoall,Chinahasfourfamousinvitations.眾所周知，中國有四大著名的發(fā)明。3.elect,select,chooseelect只能用于選舉人，是投票選舉的正式用語。TheyelectedNixonPresident.他們選尼克松為總統(tǒng)。choose可用于挑選人或物。It'shardformetochooseonefroms0manypairsofshoes.要從這么多雙鞋子當(dāng)中挑選一雙對(duì)我來說真是太難了。select意為精心挑選，多用于物。Sheselectedapairofsockstomatchhersuit.他精心挑選了一雙襪子來與衣服搭配。4.burndown,burnup,burnoutbumdown指“燒為平地，燒毀”；也指“火力減弱”。Thehousewasburntdowninanhour.房子一小時(shí)被燒為平地。bumup有“燒旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。You'dbetterputmorewoodonthefiretomakeitburnup.你最好往火上添著柴，讓它燒旺。bumout指“火熄滅”。ThefirehadburntoutbeforeIreturned.在我回來前，火已經(jīng)熄滅了?！罹漕}例☆()1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)A.totellB.betoldC.tellingD.told【解析】選B該題考查不定式做結(jié)果狀語的用法。不定式前有only，just等詞，后跟不定式通常表結(jié)果。又因?yàn)橛浾邆儜?yīng)該是被告知，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式。()2.Havingbeeninbedfornearlyamonth,theyhadahardtime____theexam.(2004福建)A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing【解析】選D該題考查句型haveahardtime(in)doing。()3.Hehasn'tsleptatallforthreedays.____heistiredout.(2005湖北)A.ThereisnopointB.ThereisnoneedC.ItisnowonderD.Itisnoway【解析】選C依題意“他三天沒睡，難怪他累極了?！盩hereisnopointindoingsth.是本單元的句型，意為：做某事沒有作用或意義；而Thereisnoneedindoingsth.沒有必要做某事；Itisnowonder沒什么大驚小怪；Itisnoway沒可能。()4.Thediscdigitally____inthestudiosoundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004上海)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded【解析】選A通過分析句子，該題句子的謂語顯然是sounded，因此recorded只能是非謂語，所以選A，考查過去分詞在句中做定語的用法，recorded相當(dāng)于whichwasrecorded。()5.____Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.(2003北京)A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While【解析】選C句意為“只要我知道錢是安全的，我就不會(huì)擔(dān)心?！眅venthough“即使”；unless“除非”；while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，它們都同句意不吻合。()6.Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlyA.whenB.whileC.untilD.before【解析】選A該題考查連詞的用法。該句的意思是：當(dāng)我們正在湖里游泳的時(shí)候，突然暴風(fēng)雨開始了。when表示“這時(shí)(突然)”的意思，這種用法when一般放句末。()7.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山東)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】選B分詞在句中做結(jié)果狀語，可參見本單元的句型6。()8.____thepotforme,anddon'tletthemilkcomeout.I'llbebacksoon.A.ObserveB.NoticeC.WatchD.Lookout【解析】選Cwatch表示集中精力“照料，監(jiān)視”，本句意為“幫我看著壺，別讓牛奶溢出來?！?；observe意為“觀察”，表示動(dòng)作；Notice指“注意到”表示結(jié)果；lookout后面不能接賓語。高二英語教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit3-4【短語歸類】【考點(diǎn)3】含as的動(dòng)詞短語①experience...as=consider...as=lookupon/on…as=treat...as把……認(rèn)為是②actas擔(dān)任；起……的作用③serveas當(dāng)，充當(dāng)④workas當(dāng)，充當(dāng)⑤use...as把……用作……[例句]Thetheoryisexperiencedasveryadvanced.這個(gè)理論被認(rèn)為是非常高深的．Heactedaschairmaninmyabsence.我不在時(shí)他擔(dān)任主席。Heservesasawaiterinarestaurant.他在一家餐館里當(dāng)服務(wù)員?！究祭?】Classroomtesting,ifwelldown,mostcertainly____asastimulus(刺激)tostudyandreallearning.A.usesB.looksC.actsD.does[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語動(dòng)詞的辨義問題。[答案與解析]C弄清題意。準(zhǔn)確地判斷空白處的意義。題意是：課堂測(cè)試，如果做得好的話，一定會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和真正的學(xué)習(xí)有刺激作用。也就是說，課堂測(cè)試可以充當(dāng)刺激。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)態(tài)，B、D兩項(xiàng)則不能和as構(gòu)成搭配。2.callup打電話，喚醒，使人想起Thesoundofseagullscalleduphishappymemoriesofhischildhood.海鷗的叫聲喚起他對(duì)童年的幸福的記憶。Pleasecallmeupatfive.請(qǐng)五點(diǎn)叫醒我(或：五點(diǎn)打電話給我)已學(xué)與call常見的搭配還有：calloff(取消，掛斷電話)callat/on(拜訪某地／某人)callfor(要求，來找某人)callin(召集，召來)【考點(diǎn)4】含comeinto的動(dòng)詞短語①comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生②comeintoeffect/force開始實(shí)施；生效③comeintouse/service開始使用④comeintopower開始執(zhí)政；上臺(tái)⑤comeintoview/sight進(jìn)入視線⑥comeintofashion開始流行[例句]Romanticismdidn'tcomeintobeinguntilinthelate18centuryinEurope.浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)直到18世紀(jì)未期才產(chǎn)生于歐洲。Thenewseat-beltregulationscameintoeffectlastweek.使用安全帶的新規(guī)定于上周生效。【考例4】Thechurchgatecameinto____asweroundedthenextcorner.A.beingB.serviceC.effectD.view[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞搭配問題。[答案與解析]D題意：我們又拐了一個(gè)彎時(shí)，教堂的大門映入了我們的眼簾。4.goagainst違反，違背(意愿、原則等)；對(duì)……不利(無被動(dòng)形式)I'mnottogoagainstmyownfamily.我不會(huì)背離我自己的家人的。Hewasafraidthatthehattiewouldgoagainstthem.他害怕那場戰(zhàn)斗會(huì)對(duì)他們不利。6.keepout(of)擋住，不讓進(jìn)Heclosedthewindowt0keepthewindout(ofthehouse).他關(guān)上窗戶不讓風(fēng)進(jìn)來(進(jìn)房子)。Thesignsays"Keepout!"牌子上寫著：“請(qǐng)勿入內(nèi)!”類似用法：keepoff別碰，避開You'dbetterkeepoffthesweetfood.你最好少吃甜食。Keepoffthegrass!請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地!【考點(diǎn)1】含look的短語①lookat看待；考慮；檢查②lookaround/about環(huán)顧③lookup查閱；仰視④lookinto調(diào)查⑤lookon旁觀⑥lookbackon回顧，回想⑦lookdownupon/on看不起；鄙視⑧l(xiāng)ookover翻閱；復(fù)習(xí)；檢查⑨lookto照顧；注意⑩lookupto尊敬⑩1ookforwardto盼望；預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有⑥lookoutfor提防；當(dāng)心⑩lookon/upon...as...把……看作……⑩looklike看上去像⑥lookfor尋找⑩looksb.upanddown上下打量某人⑥lookafter照看；照料⑩lookahead向前看⑩lookout小心：看外面④lookthrough瀏覽；檢查[例句]That'sthewayIlookatit．那就是我看待這事的方式。Whenallthefactshavebeenlookedup,passthemontome.所有事實(shí)查出后，轉(zhuǎn)交給我。Thepolicearelookingintotherecordsofallthoseinvolvedinthecrime.警方正在調(diào)查所有涉嫌這起犯罪的記錄。Lookingbackonit,onerealizesthatitwasfarfrombeingasatisfactoryconference.回顧過去，人們會(huì)意識(shí)到那不是一次成功的會(huì)議?！究祭?】Inordertogetabettersolution.Ithinkwe'dbetter____thequestionfromallsides.A.lookoutB.lookupC.lookforD.lookat[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語動(dòng)詞的搭配問題。[答案與解析]D不同的介詞或副詞搭配，有不同的意義。lookout查處，找出；當(dāng)心，注意。lookfor尋找。7.sendfor派人請(qǐng)，叫人拿Wesentforthedocumentthismorning.我們今天上午派人去取這份文件。--WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?有人去請(qǐng)懷特醫(yī)生了嗎?--He'salreadybeensentfor.已經(jīng)派人去了。與send的常見搭配有：sendoff(發(fā)出)sendup(發(fā)射)sendout(發(fā)出)等。8.setaside把……放在一邊；留出Hesetasidehisbookandlitacigarette.他把書放在一邊，點(diǎn)燃一支香煙。Eachmonthshetriedtosetasidepartofhersalary.每月他都設(shè)法留出工資的一部分。aside其他常見用法還有：standaside(靠邊站)moveaside(移到旁邊)putsth.asideforsb.(把某物留給某人)【考點(diǎn)2】含up的動(dòng)詞短語①callup召喚；調(diào)動(dòng)；使人想起；打電話給②lightup照亮；變得高興起來③fillup填寫；盛滿④takeup占用；拿起；從事⑤pickup拾起；接送；聽到；學(xué)會(huì)[例句]Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside20yearsago.你的信使人想起20年前我們?cè)谝黄鸸ぷ鞯娜兆?。Sue'sfacelightedupwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽到這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，蘇流露出愉快的面容。Theroomsoonfilledupwithpeople.房間里不久就擠滿了人。She'stakenupflower-decorationateveningclasses.她在夜校學(xué)習(xí)插花。【考例2】Ithasbeenrainingharderandharderforquiteafewdays.Thevillageseemedtobeindangerofbeingflooded．MrSmithdecidedto____alltheyoungmeninthevillagetostrengthentheriverbank.A.callinB.callupC.callatD.callfor[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查動(dòng)詞辨義問題。[答案與解析]Bcallin召進(jìn)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)。callat(aplace)訪問(某地)。call/or需要，去接。【考點(diǎn)5】副詞短語①farfrom完全不．遠(yuǎn)不②nextto兒乎；僅次于③inahurry匆忙；很快地[例句]Theproblemisfarfrom(being)easy.這個(gè)問題完全不容易。Paperingtheceilingprovednexttoimpossiblewithoutaladder.用紙糊天花板沒有梯子兒乎是不可能的。Shedressedherselfinahurry.她匆匆地穿上衣服。▲友情提示：farfrom后可接名詞、形容詞，或being+形容詞／名詞。nextto后常接一些否定詞?！究祭?】I'mterriblysorrytotellyouthatyourworkisfarfrom____.A.satisfyingB.asatisfactionC.beingsatisfactoryD.tosatisfy[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查farfrom的用法。[答案與解析]Csatisfaction是不可教名詞，前不可使用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying雖然意思與satisfactory相同，但常使用satisfactory，其中being經(jīng)常省略?！罹漕}例☆()1.Modernplasticscan____veryhighandverylowtemperatures．(2005山東)A.standB.holdC.carryD.support【解析】選A句意為“承受高溫或低溫”，故選stand。()2.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted【解析】選A該題從句使用了省略形式，省略了與主句主語一致的主語themuseum和系動(dòng)詞is。在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，若從句主語與主句主語一致，同時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞又含有系動(dòng)詞be，?？墒÷詮木渲髡Z與系動(dòng)詞be．．()3.Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindnessif____.A.leavinguntreatedB.leftuntreatedC.leavingtountreatD.leftuntreating【解析】選Bif后的邏輯關(guān)系是：這種病被忽視未被治療，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通過兩個(gè)分詞left和untreated表示。完整句子為：ifitisleftuntreated，分詞作非謂語動(dòng)詞可帶連詞。()4.Themanagerdecidedtogivethejobto____hebelievehadastrongsenseofduty.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whoD.nomatterwho【解析】選Awhoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語。但同時(shí)又做主句的主語，不能用whomever；而nomatterwho引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，所以也不能用。()5.____nice，thefishwassoldoutsoon.A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Beingtaste【解析】選B系動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞用，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以不能用過去分詞．而用現(xiàn)在分詞，tastingnice做原因狀語。()6.Inthedarkforests____,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(2005遼寧)A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylaksstand【解析】選B該句倒裝，主語是lakes，不及物動(dòng)詞stand，lie均可用來表達(dá)“位于”，但stand意為“站立，屹立”，用于立體物體；lie為“躺，臥”，相對(duì)于平面而言。()7.Thescientistsmytheplant's____inthisareawasaterriblesignoftheworseenvironment.A.introduetionB.absenceC.presenceD.appearance【解析】選B全句意為“這個(gè)地區(qū)這種植物的消失是環(huán)境惡化的一種跡象”。()8.--Will$200____?--I'mafraidnot.Weneedatleast50moredollars.A.countB.satisfyC.fitD.do【解析】選D問句意為“200美元可行嗎?”do可作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“行，可以”解，表示對(duì)萊一事實(shí)的認(rèn)可。fit意為“吻合”，不是抽象意義的“合適”。()9.Thekeydoesn't____thelock.A.fitB.fitforC.fittoD.fitwith【解析】選A此處應(yīng)作及物動(dòng)詞用，意為“這把鑰匙不是配這把鎖的”，不及物用法應(yīng)為fitinwith，形容詞用法應(yīng)是befitfor或befittodo...。()10.Youdon'tlookwellrecently.Tryto____strongwine.A.keepoffB.keepoutC.keepoutofD.keepup【解析】選Akeepoff意為“別碰，遠(yuǎn)離”，句意是“身體不好，不要喝烈酒”；keepup意為“堅(jiān)持，保持”；keepout(of)意為“不讓……進(jìn)來”。高二英語教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit5-6【短語歸類】【考點(diǎn)5】clearup和cleanup①clearup整理；消除；澄清；放晴②cleanup徹底打掃；清理干凈[例句]Wouldyoucleanupthisroombeforeourvisitorsarrive?客人到來之前，你打掃房間好嗎?Shewouldliketohaveatalkwithherclassmatetoclearuptheirmisunderstanding.他想和同學(xué)交談以解除他們之間的誤會(huì)。TherearesomepointsI'dliketoclearup.有幾點(diǎn)我要澄清一下?！究祭?】Onhismother'sarrival，thecryingboy'sface____.A.clearedupB.clearledupC.waslitupD.reflectedup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語辨義問題。[答案與解析]Alightup此處不用被動(dòng)態(tài)。D不合題意?！究键c(diǎn)l】與consist有關(guān)的短語①consistof由……組成(=bemadeupof)②consistin在于[例句]Theclubconsistsofmorethan200members.俱樂部南200多個(gè)成員組成。ThebeautyoFthevillageconsistsinitscleanairandpeacefulenvironment.這個(gè)村莊的美麗之處在于它清潔的空氣和幽靜的環(huán)境?！亚樘崾荆篶onsistof不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！究祭?】Theopeningprovincewhich____thirteencountiesandthreecoastalcitieswillquickenitspacesofeconomicdevelopment.A.consistsofB.makesupC.isincludedD.iscontained[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查相似意義的短語或動(dòng)詞的用法辨義問題。[答案與解析]AB應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)．即：ismadeupof。C不應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。而D本身是錯(cuò)誤的，在本題中不可使用。10.dealwith處理，對(duì)付HowcanIdealwiththeproblem?我應(yīng)該如何處理這個(gè)問題?(相當(dāng)于：WhatcanIdowiththeproblem?)Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.以其人之道還治其人之身。dealwith也可譯作“與……有生意來往”。Wehavedealtwiththefinnformanyyears.我們和這家公司有多年生意來往?！究键c(diǎn)4】instorehave/keep/hold...instore儲(chǔ)藏著；準(zhǔn)備著；將發(fā)生的[例句]Nobodyknowswhatthefuturemayholdinstore.沒有人知道將來會(huì)是怎樣。Therewasabigsurpriseinstore.有一個(gè)大驚奇在等著呢?！究祭?】Therewasanotheraccident____forhimthatday.A.inthewayB.instoreC.ineffectD.incase[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語辨義。[答案與解析]Bintheway擋路。ineffect事實(shí)上。incase萬一，以防。【考點(diǎn)2】與point有關(guān)的短語①atthepoint在某處；一度②tothepoint切中要點(diǎn)③offthepoint離題④beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...正要做某事……突然⑤There'snopoint(in)doingsth做某事沒有意義⑥pointat/to指向⑦pointout指出[例句]Atonepointatthemeetingthemanagernearlylosthistemper.會(huì)上經(jīng)理一度幾乎大發(fā)脾氣。Hisremarksonthematterweremuchtothepoint.他就這事的評(píng)論非常切中要點(diǎn)。Theboywasonthepointofgoingtobedwhenthetelephonerang.這孩子正要上床睡覺這時(shí)電話響了。There'sverylittlepointinarguingfurther.再爭論下去意義不大?！究祭?】Thepeaksfluesoclosetoeachotherthatthedistancebetweenthem____is5meters.A.tothepointB.atonepointC.atthepointD.Onthepoint[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語的辨義問題。[答案與解析]B兩座山峰如此緊靠著以至于最貼近的一處距離僅為五米?！究键c(diǎn)3】“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”短語①makethemostof=makethebestof=makefulluseof充分利用②payattentionto注意③takecareof照看；照顧④takenoticeof注意⑤makenotesof紀(jì)錄[例句]Themostmustbemadeofthesenaturalresourcestodeveloptheeconomyofthecountry.要充分利用自然資源來發(fā)展國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。Ourattentionshouldbepaidtowaterpollution.我們應(yīng)該注意水的污染問題?！亚樘崾荆哼@類三詞詞組的被動(dòng)態(tài)形式有兩種：一是把介詞后的賓語作為被動(dòng)態(tài)的主語；二是把中間的名詞作為被動(dòng)態(tài)的主語。【考例3】Hastheboywhowasmadeuseof____realizedhismistakes?A.stealingB.tostealC.forstealingD.stolen[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語后的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。[答案與解析]B“利用……去做某事”。要用不定式作目的狀語，即：makeuseof...todosth。句中的of有賓語，就是前面的theboy。題意是：那個(gè)被人利用去偷盜的男孩意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤了嗎?☆詞語比較☆1.pleasant,pleasing,pleased(1)pleasant可作定語和表語。修飾事物，不能修飾人。因此句子的主語只能是表示事物的詞語，而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高興的”。Ihopeyou'llhaveapleasantholiday.我希望你能過一個(gè)愉快的假期。(2)pleasing“令人高興的，令人愉快的”，表示寧靜、滿意、令人滿足之意。側(cè)重于表示接受對(duì)象的情感，傳遞主觀感受。比pleasant稍弱。主語可為人或事物。Anactorshouldhaveapleasingpersonality.表演者應(yīng)當(dāng)具有一種令人愉快的個(gè)性。(3)pleased“高興的，感到滿意的”含義與glad基本相同。作表語時(shí)，句子的主語只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的詞語。bepleasedwith表示“對(duì)……表示滿意”之意。Shehadapleasedlook0nhisface.她臉上露出了滿意的表情。2.bemadeupof,bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto(1)bemadeupof由……組成。TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates.美國由五十個(gè)州組成。(2)bemadeof由……制成(成品看得出原料)。Thetableismadeofwood.這張桌子由木材制成。(3)bemadefrom由……制成(成品看不出原料)。Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.這種紙張由木材制成。(4)bemadeinto由(原料)……制成(成品)。Thebamboocanbemadeintomanyusefulthings.竹子可以制成很多有用的東西。3.lay,lie(1)lay常用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“放置，鋪設(shè)；產(chǎn)(卵)；布置；下蛋”等，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變化為：laid,laid,laying。Shelaidthepaperonmydesk.她把文件放在我桌子上。Theworkersarelayingdownacable.工人們?cè)阡佋O(shè)電線。(2)lie作不及物動(dòng)詞。其基本含義是：躺；臥；位于，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變化為：lay,lain,lying。Thehospitallaywhereaschoolislocated.這個(gè)醫(yī)院過去就在現(xiàn)在學(xué)校所在的地方。(3)lie作不及物動(dòng)詞。它的另一個(gè)含義是：說謊，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。其變化為：lied,lied,lying。"Heislying,"saidthegirlangrily,lyingonthehay.“他在說謊。”那個(gè)女孩躺在干草上，氣憤地說。4.intime,ontime(1)intime除了譯作“及時(shí)”，還可譯作“最終”或“總有一天”。Herhelpingmeintimesavedmeplentyoftime.她的及時(shí)幫助使我省了很多時(shí)間。(2)ontime，意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”Everyoneisrequiredtobepresentatthepartyontime.要求每個(gè)人準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加聚會(huì)。time組成的詞組已學(xué)過的還有:atatime(一次),innotime(立刻),atthat(the)time(那時(shí)),attimes(有時(shí)),atanytime(在任何時(shí)候)等。☆精典題例☆()1.____twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(2004北京)A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof【解析】選A語境表明動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，所以用with+名詞+不定式。Besides和Becauseof不能用toworryabout。()2.Ifyoukeepon,you'llsucceed____.A.intimeB.atonetimeC.atthesametimeD.ontime【解析】選A句意“只要你堅(jiān)持，最終一定會(huì)誠功的?！眔ntime意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”，atonetime意為“曾經(jīng)”或(過去)有一段時(shí)間”。()3.Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship【解析】選Akeepintouch(with)是一種固定搭配。()4.____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepassword0fyoure-mailaccount.(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiredC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires【解析】選C用require被動(dòng)式，It為形式主語。()5.____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,AustraliahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotA.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HaringbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated【解析】選Cseparate是及物動(dòng)詞，句意為“已經(jīng)分開幾百萬年”，因此用分詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。()6.Hospitalstaffburstintocheersafterdoctorscompleteda20-houroperationtohave____one-year-oldtwinsatthehead.(2004上海)A.isolatedB.separatedC.dividedD.removed【解析】選Bseparate用于“把兩者分開”，isolate意為“隔離”。()7.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.(2004北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider【解析】選B句意“一直在考慮重返工作崗位”，顯然說話時(shí)還在考慮，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。()8.Themanagerhasfallenasleepwherehe____,withoutundressing.(2005安徽)A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied【解析】選B語境是“經(jīng)理躺著睡著了”。高二英語教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit7-8【短語歸類】【考點(diǎn)l】與as有關(guān)的短語①aswithsb/sth/doing如同……一樣②asfor至于；就……而言③asto關(guān)于④asfaras就……而論；據(jù)……⑤asgoodas幾乎已經(jīng)，實(shí)際已經(jīng)⑥asfollows如下⑦asawhole總的來說⑧asarule一般說來，通常⑨asa/theresultof由于⑩asusual像往常一樣[例句]Aswithswimming,ridingabicycledoesgoodtoourhealth.像游泳一樣，騎自行車對(duì)我們的健康有好處。Ienjoygoingtothemovies．Butasforthetheater,Ipreferstayingathome.我喜歡看電影，但至于看戲，我寧可呆在家里。IwantyouradviceastowhatIoughttodowithMr.Ernest．關(guān)于怎樣和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我需要你的高見。【考例1】Ienjoygoingt0themovies____thethea—tres.A.asforB.aswithC.astoD.asfrom[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語的辨義問題。[答案與解析]Basfrom從……時(shí)起。題意是：我喜歡看電影像喜歡看戲劇一樣?！究键c(diǎn)2】與chance有關(guān)的短語①takeeverychance利用機(jī)會(huì)；碰運(yùn)氣(=takeachance,takechances)②bychance=byaccident偶然地；無意中③byanychance萬一[例句]Don'ttakechancesbydrivingtoofast.不要開快車來冒險(xiǎn)。I'lltakemychanceofbeingcapturedbytheenemy.我要冒著被敵人抓到的危險(xiǎn)碰碰運(yùn)氣?！究祭?】That'sachanceI'llhaveto____.A.makeB.takeC.tryD.play[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查固定短語的搭配問題。[答案與解析]B在takeachance短語中，不可用其他動(dòng)詞。13.incaseof(incase)以防，假使Incaseofherbeingout,youmayleaveamassage.假如她不在家你可留張便條。Whatshallwedoincaseheisabsentatthemeeting?萬一他不來開會(huì)我們?cè)趺崔k?Takeyourraincoat,justincase.帶上雨衣以防下雨。[注意](1)incaseof接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分；incase引導(dǎo)句子或單獨(dú)使用，上面句子中justincase相當(dāng)于justincaseofrain。類似用法還有inthis/thatcase(要是這樣/那樣的話)，如：Inthatcase，wewillnotgowithyou.要是情況是那樣的話，我們就不和你一起去了。(2)in與ease搭配也常表示“在……情況下”主要有以下詞組：inanycase(在任何情況下)inallcases(在所有情況下)inaparticularcase(在特殊情況下)insomecase(在某種情況下)innocase(在任何情況下都不，決不)如：Innocase,canIlendmoneytohim.在任何情況下我都不會(huì)借錢給他。12.inhonorof(insb'shonor)為了……紀(jì)念／慶祝，對(duì)……表示敬意／歡迎Abanquetwasgiveninhonorofthevisitingpresident.舉行宴會(huì)歡迎來訪的總統(tǒng)。Abirthdaypartyisbeingplannedinourteacher'shonor.正在為我們的老師籌劃一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)。試比較：forthehonorof...(為了……榮譽(yù))Hewilltryhisbestforthehonorofhisschool.他會(huì)為學(xué)校的榮譽(yù)而努力。類似用法inmemoryof(為了……紀(jì)念)，如：ThestatuewasbuiltinmemoryofMr.LuXun.這個(gè)雕塑是為紀(jì)念魯迅先生而建的。14.makesure:toestablishsomethingwithoutdoubt;makecertain弄清楚；確保Makesurehewritesitdown.讓他一定記下來。sureadj.(常與of，that連用)確信的；肯定的Pleasemakesurethatthehouseislockedbeforeyouleave.請(qǐng)你確信是鎖上房間后才離開的。I'mnotsureaboutthepracticalityoftheirplan.我還無法確定他們的那個(gè)計(jì)劃的可行性如何。(與to連用)一定的；必定的Wearesuretobenefitfromthenewtimetable.我們肯定會(huì)得益于新的作息時(shí)間表。There'ssuretobeafusswhentheownerofthehousefindsthewindow'sbroken.房子的主人發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子被人打破時(shí)準(zhǔn)會(huì)大吵大鬧的。sureadv.一定地；必定地；無疑地Itsurewascold.的確是冷。Theteachermakessure,too,thatthechildgetsenoughrestandplay,alongwithhiseducation.教師還要保證每個(gè)孩子在接受教育的同時(shí)有充分的時(shí)間休息和游戲。Hesaidhewouldcomewithhiswife,andsureenoughhedid.他說他會(huì)帶著妻子一起來的，果然他們來了。【考點(diǎn)4】makethings/mattersworse使事情更糟①tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟的是②what'smore=besides此外；而且[例句]IrealizedthatanythingIcouldsaywouldonlymakemattersworse.我意識(shí)到只要我說話就會(huì)添亂子。Itgotdark,andtomakethingsworseitbegantorain.天黑了，更糟的是又開始下起雨來?！嫖觯簃akethingsworse是動(dòng)詞短語，而tomakemattersworse是副詞短語?！究祭?】Heseemedtohavenodesiretogothere;____,hisclotheswerenotgoodenough.A.what'sworseB.what'smoreC.thusD.therefore[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查副詞在句意中的理解問題。[答案與解析]B題意是：他似乎不想去那里，此外，他的衣服也不夠好?！究键c(diǎn)3】與mind有關(guān)的短語①keep/bear/carry…inmind記?、趆ave...inmind心中在想③haveamindtodosth打算做某事④keepone'smindon/upon聚精會(huì)神⑤makeupone'smind(s)下決心⑥Outofsight,outofmind.眼不見，心不煩(諺語)。[例句]AtthispointIcan'tundertaketoacceptyoursuggestion，butlwillkeepitinmind.在這一點(diǎn)上，我不能保證接受你的建議，但我會(huì)把它記在心里。Judginghisachievement,wemustbearinmindthathchashadnopreviousexperienceofthiskindofwork.判斷他的成績時(shí)，我們要記住他以前并沒有做過這種工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Whatdoyouhaveinmind?你在想什么?【考例3】Icouldseehewasnottellingmeallbe____inmind.A.keptB.hadC.carriedD.made[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語的辨義和短語的搭配問題。[答案與解析]BC、D兩項(xiàng)顯然錯(cuò)誤。題意是：我能看出他沒有把他所想的告訴我?！究键c(diǎn)5】與moment有關(guān)的短語①forthemoment暫時(shí)=forthepresent②foramoment片刻③inamoment不久，立刻．馬上④atthemoment此時(shí)．現(xiàn)在⑤themoment一……就……=theminute/instant[例句]Wearen'tgoingtomakeanychangeforthemo-ment.我們暫時(shí)不做任何改變。Thenewcouplearetravelingabroadatthemoment.那對(duì)新婚夫婦跟下正在國外旅行?！究祭?】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)--DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?--Yes,Igaveittoher____Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查連詞問題。[答案與解析]B先排除C項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閟uddenly是副詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句。從上下句看。所欠的錢已還過，而且是．一看見她就還了，所以又排除D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閛nce舍有條件意味。while強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間。9.sufferfrom受……苦，遭……難，患……病Mostpartofthecountrysufferedfromtheheavyflood.這個(gè)國家的大部分地區(qū)遭受嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)。Hismothersuffersfromhearttrouble.他母親患心臟病。☆詞語比較☆1.persuade,advise兩個(gè)詞都有“勸”之意，persuade表示結(jié)果，advise只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Weadvised(or:triedtopersuade)himtostoptalking,buthcrefused.我們勸(試圖勸服)他別談了但他不聽。Ipersuadehimtostopsmoking.tienowlooksbetter.我勸服他戒了煙。現(xiàn)在他看f：去更健康了。[注意]persuade表示“說服某人做／不做某事”除了persuadesb.to/nottodo...結(jié)構(gòu)，還有odoingsth./outofdoingsth.如：Hepersuadedmeintoleavingsoon.他勸服我馬上離開。2.dead,deadly,dying三個(gè)詞都可以作形容詞，但含義各不相同。dead意為“死了”，反義詞是alive，表示死亡狀態(tài)；deadly意為“致命的”表示抽象意義；dying意為“臨死的”。Thedoghasbeendeadforhours.這條狗死了幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。Thatisadeadlysnake.這是一條致命的蛇。Thedyingmantriedtomymmething.這個(gè)快死的人試圖想說什么。[注意]dead，dying可在前面加the作名詞用；deadly還有“死氣沉沉”之意。如：Thedead(dying)werebeingtakenawayfromthespot.當(dāng)時(shí)死者(快死的人)正從現(xiàn)場被抬走。Thelectureisdeadly.Manybegantoleave.演講太沉悶了。許多人開始離開。3.forthemoment,foramomentforthemoment意為“目前，暫時(shí)”，foramoment意為“(過)片刻，一會(huì)兒”。Theydon'tplantomoveforthemoment.他們目前不想搬走。Iwillstayhereforamoment.我要在這里呆會(huì)兒。4.dieof,diefrom,diefor,diein(1)dieof意為“因……而死”，原因多為來自內(nèi)部、情感、凍餓和生病等，如：dieofhunger(afever,thirst,sorrow,oldage)死于饑餓(發(fā)燒、渴、憂傷、年老)(2)diefrom意為“由于……而死”，原因通常來自外部，如：diefromwound(lackoffood,anaccident,overwork,drinking,pollution)死于外傷(缺乏食物、事故、過度勞動(dòng)、飲酒、污染)(3)diefor意為了“為……而死”，如：Thesoldierdiedforhismotherland.他為祖舊捐軀。(4)diein意為“死于……”，如：dieinbattle(戰(zhàn)死)，