Numerical-Control數(shù)控技術(shù)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯及原文

畢設(shè)計(jì)論文）外文獻(xiàn)翻譯文獻(xiàn)、資中文題目：控技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)、資英文題目：Control文獻(xiàn)、資來(lái)源：文獻(xiàn)、資發(fā)表（出版日期：院（部專班姓學(xué)

業(yè)：級(jí)：名：號(hào)：指導(dǎo)教師翻譯日期2017.02.14NumericalControlNumerical(N/C)aformofinwhichprocessingequipmentisofnumbers,lettersandothersymbols.Thenumbers,letters,symbolscodedinanappropriateprogramofinstructionsaparticularworkpartjob.Whentheprogramofinstructionsbechanged.capabilitytoprogramiswhatN/Cforlow-volumeandItistomakealterationsofprocessingarebasictypesofnumericallycontrolledmachinepoint—to—continuouscalledPoint—to—machinesuseunsynchronizedmotors,withthatpositionofthemachiningbeassureduponcompletionofwhileonlymotorisrunning.oftypeprincipallyforstraight—cutsforTheN/Cconsiststhefollowingreaderwiththeunit,the—cuttingtooltypeofN/CDatainput,alsocalled“manto—controllink”,maybeprovidedthemachinetoolentirelybymeans.Manualmethodsusedthesourceofarelativelysmallnumberofinputs.Examplesofoperatedarekeyboardpushbuttons,switches,thumbwheelselectors.arelocatedonaconsolenearaledevicesusuallytosynchronization-typepotentiometer.cases,ofaredigitalinputManualinputthatsetcontrolseachoperation.ItaslowprocessisseldomjustifiedexceptinmachiningapplicationsinspecialInpracticallyinformationisautomaticallytocontrolunitthemachinebycards,byEight

—papercommonlyformofdatainputforN/CcodedinstructionsonofsectionsofpunchedholesEachamachinefunction,amachiningoraoftheN/Cprogramonofanofblocks,resultinginallonreelsmotion-picturefilm.onrelativelybecontinuouslybyjoiningendsoftheformainstalled,tapeiswithoutIncase,simplyPunchedalepreparedontypewriterswithtape—attachmentsorinconnectedcomputerrarelymaybeinitiallybythepartprogrammer,incardcompilation,aoftothetapeduringhandling,etc.SeveraltrialrunsarenecessarytoremoveallanacceptableworkingWhiledataontheisautomatically,stepsdoneBeforecodedtapemaybeprepared,oftenwithaorprocessengineer,theappropriateN/Cmachinetool,kindofmaterialtobecalculatethespeedsuponthetypeoftoolingneeded.dimensionsonprintcloselyexaminedasuitablezeroreferencepointfromtostarttheAprogramthenwrittenwhichcodedinstructionsthesequenceofoperationsthemachinerequiredtotocutparttodrawingTheunitreceivesstoresallcodeduntilcompleteblockofinformationbeenItthentheinstructionandthemachinetooltherequiredThefunctionofunitmayittoactionofdialdigititistheentirebeendialed,becomesactivatedandiscompleted.Siliconinthereaderonunit,lightasitthroughtheinthemovingThelightconvertedtowhichisamplifiedtostrengthenThesignalsintheunit,whereactuationrelayedtomachineSomedevicesarecapabletosecond.Highratesnecessarytomaintaincontinuous—toolmotion;otherwisebegeneratedbyonpartduringoperations.Thereadingdeviceofblocksratethansystemprocessdata.AfeedbackisausedonsomeN/CtocompensateforerrorsthetheofofmachineAnN/Cmachinewithkindofadirectfeedbackcheckingdevicewhatissystem.controlisaccomplishedawhich,duringtheoperation,thepositionofrelaysinformationbacktocontrolunit.receivedtoonbetweenthemInancalledanopenloopmachineispositionedsolelybysteppingmotorintoaarethreebasictypesoffollows:orControlInpoint-to-pointthemachinetooltable,etc.)movedThespeedofbetweenisonlythecoordinatesoftheofthecontrolled.Thistypeofcontrolissuitablefordrillpressessomeboringmachines,whereboringbeperformedlocationsontheworkorLinearControlsystemsaretomovecuttingtooltoofofthemachinetoolacontrolledsuitableformachining.Itisnormallymoveinonedirectionsocutsonnotformillingonlybemachinedorlathessurfacesparallelortotheaxiscantypeofmotionisaslinearcontrolacontrol.Machineswiththisformofcontrolarealsocapablepoint-to-pointContinuousPathorContouringControlIncontinuouscontrolthemotionsoformoreofmachineaxesarecontrolledsimultaneously,thatpositionvelocityofthecanbetoolInwaycurvessurfacesbemachinedatcontrolledfeedrate.Itofinterpolatorinthecontrollertodetermineoftheindividualcontrolledaxesofmachinestoproducetypeoftoascontinuousorafullaxisofcontrol.SomeconcerningmotionsforNChasbeenexample,areasfour-orfive-orevensix-axisForverticalmachinethreeoffairlyobvious,thesebeingtheusualX,YZdirections.AfourthfifthaxiswouldimplyformrotarytabletoindexworktoprovideangularmotionoftheworkThus,inNCanaxisofcontrolanycontrolledmotionofmachine(spindles,tables,Acomplicationuseoftermhalf-axisofforexample,manymillingmachinestoasThismeansthatcontinuouscontrolformotions(axes)andonlylinearcontrolfortheAppliedverticalmillingmachines,controlmeanscontouringintheX,YplanelinearmotioninZdirection.WithhavetobewitharoundthedifferentWithansamemachinecouldbecalleda2CLmachine(CforLforlinearcontrol).amachinewithcontinuouscontrolinX,Y,Zdirectionsbebemachineora3cSimilarly,usuallytwoorTheofprecisionalmostentirelyupontheofscrewtheofmachinestructure.thisthereisnoself-correctingactionfeedbackoftheIneventanunexpectedmalfunction,theoutpulsesofelectricalcurrent.If,forexample,onanN/Cmillingwerenoresponsewouldbetosteppingmotorsnotvariations,N/Carepermittostallwhentheresistingexceedsthemotortorque.Otherareinuse,whichinofpossibilityofthemachinestructureortosystem,alewith—steppingmotors.Inthemotorshavesufficientcapacityto“overpower”thesystemtheeventofalmostanycontingency.Theoriginalusedthe—system.Ofopenloop,loopand,aconsequence,isexpensive.Initially,openloopsystemswerealmostentirelyforapplicationsbecauseofpreviouslyassociatedwithelectricsteppingadvancesinofelectrosteppingmotorsledtoincreasinglymachine數(shù)控技術(shù)數(shù)控是可編程自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的一種形式通過(guò)數(shù)字字母和其他符號(hào)來(lái)控制加工設(shè)備數(shù)字字母和符號(hào)用適當(dāng)?shù)母袷骄幋a為一個(gè)特定工件定義指令程序當(dāng)工件改變時(shí)指令程序就改變這種改變程序的能力使數(shù)控適合于中小批量生產(chǎn)，寫一段新程序遠(yuǎn)比對(duì)加工設(shè)備做大的改動(dòng)容易得多。數(shù)控機(jī)床有兩種基本形式點(diǎn)位控制和連續(xù)控制(也稱為輪廓控制)點(diǎn)位控制機(jī)床采用異步電動(dòng)機(jī)因此主軸的定位只能通過(guò)完成一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)或一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。這種機(jī)床主要用于直線切削或鉆孔、鏜孔等場(chǎng)合。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由下列組件組成數(shù)據(jù)輸入裝置帶控制單元的磁帶閱讀機(jī)反饋裝置和切削機(jī)床或其他形式的數(shù)控設(shè)備。數(shù)據(jù)輸人裝置，也稱“人機(jī)聯(lián)系裝置用人工或全自動(dòng)方法向機(jī)床提供數(shù)據(jù)人工方法作為輸人數(shù)據(jù)唯一方法時(shí)只限于少量輸入人工輸入裝置有鍵盤撥號(hào)盤按鈕開關(guān)或撥輪選擇開關(guān)這些都位于機(jī)床附近的一個(gè)控制臺(tái)上。撥號(hào)盤通常連到一個(gè)同步解析器或電位計(jì)的模擬裝置上大多數(shù)情況下、開關(guān)和其他類似的旋鈕是數(shù)據(jù)輸入元件人工輸入需要操作者控制每個(gè)操作這是一個(gè)既慢又單調(diào)的過(guò)程，除了簡(jiǎn)單加工場(chǎng)合或特殊情況，已很少使用。幾乎所有情況下息都是通過(guò)卡片紙帶或磁帶自動(dòng)提供給控制單元。在傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中八信道穿孔紙帶是最常用的數(shù)據(jù)輸入形式紙帶上的編碼指令由一系列稱為程序塊的穿孔組成每一個(gè)程序塊代表一種加工功能一種操作或兩者的組合紙帶上的整個(gè)數(shù)控程序由這些連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)單元連接而成帶有程序的長(zhǎng)帶子像電影膠片一樣繞在盤子上對(duì)較短的帶子上的程序可通過(guò)將紙帶兩端連接形成一個(gè)循環(huán)而連續(xù)不斷地重復(fù)使用帶子一旦安裝好就可反復(fù)使用而無(wú)需進(jìn)一步處理。此時(shí)，操作者只是簡(jiǎn)單地上、下工件。穿孔紙帶是在帶有特制穿孔附件的打字機(jī)或直接連到計(jì)算機(jī)上的紙帶穿孔裝置上做成的帶制造很少不出錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)誤可能由編程、卡片穿孔或編碼、紙帶穿孔時(shí)的物理?yè)p害等形成。通常，必須要試走幾次來(lái)排除錯(cuò)誤，才能得到一個(gè)可用的工作紙帶。雖然紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù)是自動(dòng)進(jìn)給的但實(shí)際編程卻是手工完成的在編碼紙帶做好前編程者經(jīng)常要和一個(gè)計(jì)劃人員或工藝工程師一起工作選擇合適的數(shù)控機(jī)床，決定加工材料，計(jì)算切削速度和進(jìn)給速度，決定所需刀具類型，仔細(xì)閱讀零件圖上尺寸定下合適的程序開始的零參考點(diǎn)然后寫出程序清單其上記載有描述加工順序的編碼數(shù)控指令，機(jī)床按順序加工工件到圖樣要求?？刂茊卧邮芎蛢?chǔ)存編碼數(shù)據(jù)直至形成一個(gè)完整的信息程序塊然后解釋數(shù)控指令，并引導(dǎo)機(jī)床得到所需運(yùn)動(dòng)。為更好理解控制單元的作用將它與撥號(hào)電話進(jìn)行比較每撥一個(gè)數(shù)字，就儲(chǔ)存一個(gè)，當(dāng)整個(gè)數(shù)字撥好后，電話就被激活，也就完成了呼叫。裝在控制單元里的紙帶閱讀機(jī)通過(guò)其內(nèi)的硅光二極管檢測(cè)到穿過(guò)移動(dòng)紙帶上的孔漏過(guò)的光線將光束轉(zhuǎn)變成電能并通過(guò)放大來(lái)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)信號(hào)然后將信號(hào)送到控制單元里的寄存器，由它將動(dòng)作信號(hào)傳到機(jī)床驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。有些光電裝置能以高達(dá)每秒個(gè)字節(jié)的速度閱讀，這對(duì)保