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代詞代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey賓格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem代詞分類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人主物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfours-elvesyours-elvesthem-selves物形容詞性myyourhis,her,itsouryou指示代詞this,that,such,so,thesamethese,those疑問代詞what,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,as連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever指示代詞this,that,such,so,the不定代詞all,both,either,other,another,one,each,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,none,noone…復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing,everything,everyone,nobody…相互代詞賓格eachother,oneanother所有格eachother’s,oneanother’sall,both,either,other,anot考點梳理考點梳理一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,主格在句中作主語、表語等成分,賓格在句中作動詞、介詞賓語、同位語等成分,有時也可作表語。不僅指人,也可指物,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞一、人稱代詞人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞【注意】在連詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句,只保留人稱代詞,人稱代詞作主語時要用主格,在口語中也常用賓格;但當(dāng)人稱代詞后有動詞時就必須用主格。如:MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasme/I.(口語中常用me)MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasIdo.(此時只能用I)【注意】在連詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句二、物主代詞1.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,必須與所指的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和性別方面保持一致。如:Thewaitersofferedtheirfoodtothehomelessman.【注意】單數(shù)陽性名詞和單數(shù)陰性名詞連用作主語時,如果前面有every,each修飾,謂語動詞用單數(shù),代詞用his。如:二、物主代詞2.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,只能作名詞或動名詞的定語。e.g.Thisisourclassroom.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Eachboyandeachgirlwantstolendhisraincoattothesoldiers.2.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,只能作Eachboy3.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可單獨作主語、賓語、表語。此外,名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用,構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如:Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.3.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可單獨三、反身代詞1.反身代詞通常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave等動詞和by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語。如:

Hewasleftathomeby

himselfthewholedayyesterday.三、反身代詞2.反身代詞可以作主語的同位語,主要起加強語氣的作用,意為“親自,本人,親身”。

e.g.Theteacherandpupilsmendedtheroad

themselves.3.反身代詞可以在be,feel,look,seem等系動詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。

e.g.—Youlookpale.What’swrongwithyou?—I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday,notserious,though.2.反身代詞可以作主語的同位語,主要起加強注意(1)反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。(正)Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己開車。(誤)Myselfdrovethecar.(2)在由and,or,nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself

作主語。

e.g.Charlesandmyselfsawit.(3)在不強調(diào)的情況下,but,except,for等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞均可。

e.g.Noonebutmyself/meishurt.注意(1)反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。4.反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配介詞+反身代詞

foroneself為自己;親自地

tooneself對自己;獨用

ofoneself自動地

byoneself獨自地4.反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配(2)動詞+反身代詞dressoneself自己穿衣makeoneselfathome不要客氣seatoneself=beseated就坐teachoneself自學(xué)cometooneself蘇醒devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto致力于enjoyoneself過得愉快,玩得高興helponeselfto自行取用,請自便(2)動詞+反身代詞accustomoneselfto=beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于amuseoneself消遣,自娛behaveoneself表現(xiàn)良好applyoneselftosth.致力于explainoneself說明自己的意圖expressoneself表達(dá)自己的思想abandononeselfto沉迷于,放縱accustomoneselfto=beaccusto一、指示代詞1.指上文提到的事物,一般用that,有時也用this;指下文將要提到的事物,常用this或these。如:

HesaidIwaslying,andthatwasunfair.

(that指代上文HesaidIwaslying)WhatIwantyoutorememberisthis:Practisemakesperfect.

(此句中this指代下文,不能換為that)指示代詞,相互代詞和疑問代詞一、指示代詞指示代詞,相互代詞和疑問代詞2.that/those可作定語從句的先行詞,但

this/these不能;其中those可指人,但that

不能。如:

Shehasknownthatwhichshewantedtoknow.Iadmirethosewhoarealwayshelpingothers.(those作定語從句的先行詞,指人)2.that/those可作定語從句的先行詞,但二、相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞,只有eachother和oneanother兩個詞組,都表示“互相,相互”。1.eachother和oneanother在句中可以作動詞或介詞的賓語。如:

Let’shelpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.Theylookedatoneanotherandlaughed.2.作定語時eachother和oneanother須用所有格,表示“彼此的”。如:二、相互代詞Wesaidhellotooneanother’s/eachother’sfamily.三、疑問代詞1.疑問代詞后接-ever的用法。(1)whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever

表泛指,意為“無論……”。如:

Youhaveoursupport,whateveryoudecide.Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.Idon’twanttoseethem,whoevertheyare.Wesaidhellotooneanot(2)置于疑問代詞后,用于加強語氣。如:

Whateverdoyoumean?Whoeverheardofsuchathing!(2)置于疑問代詞后,用于加強語氣。如:2.疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事物的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定,如果不清楚代表的人或物是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù),則謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。who/what/which作主語時,謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)形式,也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如:

Whatheneedsmostishismother’slove.Whatweneedaregoodbooks.2.疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事一、復(fù)合不定代詞1.修飾不定代詞的形容詞應(yīng)后置。

e.g.Isthereanythingwrongwithmycar?2.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。不定代詞一、復(fù)合不定代詞不定代詞3.復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語:

anythingbut根本不,一點也不

nothingbut只不過

donothingbut

只有,除……之外什么事也不做

havesomething/nothingtodowith

與……有/無關(guān)

somethingof有點,有幾分3.復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語:二、全部否定與部分否定由some和any構(gòu)成的不定代詞的用法與some和any的用法基本一致。all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定;noone,none,nobody,nothing,not...any以及“no+名詞”都表示全部否定;但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中,不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。二、全部否定與部分否定e.g.Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneof

themcanworkoutthisproblem.(all表示全部肯定,none表示全部否定)Suchathingcan’t

befoundeverywhere.

(“not+everywhere”表示部分否定)

Theexamisveryeasy,butnotallofthestudentscanpassit.

(“not+all”表示部分否定)e.g.Alloftheboysarecleve三、both,either,neither,each,all,noneboth表示兩者都,具有肯定含義;either表示兩者中的任何一個;neither表示兩者都不;each表示兩者或兩者以上的每一個;all表示全部,指三者或三者以上的人或物,也可籠統(tǒng)地表示“一切,所有”;none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定,與of連用或用來回答howmany/much的提問。三、both,either,neither,each,【考例】It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo_____.

A.others

B.eitherC.another

D.bothD【考例】It’saneither-orsituatio四、another,other,theother,others,theothersanother泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中不確定的另一個;other表示“另外的人/物,別的人/物”;theother指兩者中的另一個;others=other+名詞,泛指“別的人或物”;theothers指“一定范圍內(nèi)其余的人或物”,如果被指代的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則用therest。四、another,other,theother,o【考例】Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein_____,knivesandforks.

A.another

B.othersC.both

D.allB【考例】Insomecountries,people一、it作人稱代詞在特定的環(huán)境中,it也可指人,如指嬰兒、性別不詳或身份不明的人。e.g.Thebabystoppedcryingassoonasit

sawthewoman.—Whoisit?—It’sme.it的用法一、it作人稱代詞it的用法二、it作形式主語或形式賓語it可以作形式主語或形式賓語而把真正的主語或賓語后置。1.用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句Itisnecessary/important/surprising/strange+that從句,從句中謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”形式,且should可省略。二、it作形式主語或形式賓語(2)It+系動詞+名詞+that從句Itisapity/ashame/goodnews/afact/anhonour/awonder/nowonder/ourduty+that從句。e.g.It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It+不及物動詞+that從句Itseems/happened/turnedout/occurs/appears+that從句。e.g.IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIcalledonhim.(2)It+系動詞+名詞+that從句(4)It+系動詞+過去分詞+that從句Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/thought/wellknown/hoped/pointedout/foundout/suggested/ordered/advised/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that從句。e.g.It’ssaidthattheyhavesucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.(4)It+系動詞+過去分詞+that從句【注意】在“Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。e.g.Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.【注意】在“Itissuggested/advised/(5)其他句型,如Itdoesn’tmatter.../Itmakesnodifference...等。e.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyouwear,aslongasyoulookneatandtidy.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.(5)其他句型,如Itdoesn’tmatter...2.it作形式賓語的情況(1)動詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe

等后有賓語補足語時,則需要用it作形式賓語,把作為真正賓語的that從句后置。e.g.Wemake

itarulethatwegetupatsixeveryday.Weallthinkitimportantthatweshouldprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.2.it作形式賓語的情況(2)有些動詞接賓語從句時,需在動詞和從句間加it。這些動詞有:hate,appreciate,take,owe,have等。e.g.Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.(3)“動詞+介詞+it+that”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有

seeto,dependon,relyon等。e.g.Iwillseetoitthateverythingisreadyontime.(2)有些動詞接賓語從句時,需在動詞和從三、it可用在強調(diào)句型Itis/was...that...中。e.g.ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterday.【注意】it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的區(qū)別:it作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)(特別是謂語較短時),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。三、it可用在強調(diào)句型Itis/was...that...it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句用來對句中某一個成分加以強調(diào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that...”。在正式英語中,無論強調(diào)什么部分,都要求用連詞that,但是在一般情況下,如果被強調(diào)的主語是“人”,也可用who。值得注意的是,當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是狀語時,只能用that,不要誤用when,where,how等。be動詞的時態(tài),可以隨著that從句時態(tài)的不同而變化。強調(diào)句型中去掉Itis/was和that后,句子仍然完整,而it作形式主語的句子則不能。it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句用來對句中某一個成分加以強調(diào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Ite.g.ItisIwhoamsettingoffforLondonnextweek.Itwasatsixo’clockthatwearrivedatthemountainvillage.Itwasatthehotelroomthatthegentlemanhadstayed.e.g.ItisIwhoamsettingof四、it的特殊用法1.指代時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象(天氣)等。e.g.Itishalfpasttwonow.(指時間)Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(指距離)Alovelyday,isn’tit?(指天氣)四、it的特殊用法2.指環(huán)境情況等。

e.g.Itisverynoisyatthemoment.

3.用于某些習(xí)語搭配。

makeit及時趕到;成功完成

catchit受處罰,被責(zé)罵2.指環(huán)境情況等。I.選用下面內(nèi)合適的代詞并用其正確形式填空(每個單詞限用一次)。neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it1.Thecellsofthebody,especially_____ofthebrain,canliveonlyseveralminuteswithoutcirculatingblood.2.Theybothsmiled;________seemedlikelytobeawareofmyabsenceforlong.3.Hewhisperedsosoftlythat_____butJulieheardhim.鞏固練習(xí)thoseneithernoneI.選用下面內(nèi)合適的代詞并用其正確形式填空(每個單詞限用一neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it4.Therewereglassesofchampagneandcigars,butnotmanyof________wereconsumed.5.—Wouldyougetmeacupofcoffee?—________one?6.Thefurniturewasratherold;he’dobviouslypickeditupfor________.7.Whenyouintroducemetothecompany,couldyoupleasesay_________forme?8.Ilike____whenabookissogoodthatyoucan’tputitdown.eitherAnothernothingsomethingitneither,none,either,noneither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it9.Thecostofrentinganapartmentdowntownishigherthan________inanyotherareaofthecity.10.Scientistshavediscoveredremarkablenewevidenceshowinghowthebodyrebuilds_____whilewesleep.11.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s________.”

thatitselfmineneither,none,either,nII.選擇題1.—HaveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetuitionisinAmericanuniversities?—$19,000,or______likethat.A.anything

B.everythingC.nothing D.something2.Franklyspeaking,_______ofthemknewwhattheotherwasdoingthatmorning.A.none

B.neither

C.some

D.allII.選擇題3.Herdogisfunnyandlovely,butIdon’tthinkIhaveenoughtimetokeep______.A.this B.one C.it D.that4.Manyparentsmade______theirdailyroutinetogetoutforawalkintheevening.A.this B.it C.that D.what3.Herdogisfunnyandlovely5.What’stroublingusarenottheburdensofourschoolworkbutthewayswehandle_____.A.this B.it C.us D.them6.Thebasicdesignofthecarisverysimilarto____ofearliermodels.A.that B.it C.this D.one5.What’stroublingusarenot

7.—Jacksaidyougotauniquewatchforyourbirthday.—Yes.Maybeitisnottothetasteof_____butIlikeit.A.anyoneB.noneC.everyoneD.nobody8.Ineedsomecarbonpaperbadly,butthereis________athand.A.noneB.nooneC.nothingD.notanything7.—Jacksaidyougotauniq9.—Excuseme,Iwanttohavemycarrepaired,andIwanttogotothenearestgarage.—Iknowwhere________is.Comeon,andI’llshowyou.A.itB.theoneC.thatD.one9.—Excuseme,Iwanttohave1.Susanmade_____cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.

A.that

B.this

C.it

D.her2.Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but_____tonone.

A.something

B.anythingC.everything

D.nothing1.Susanmade_____cleartom3.I’dappreciate_____ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.

A.it

B.you

C.one

D.this4.She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked_____andmovedtoCambridge.

A.both

B.neither

C.none

D.either3.I’dappreciate_____ifyou5.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp._____hereiswillingtolendyouahand.

A.One

B.NooneC.Everyone

D.Someone5.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp代詞代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey賓格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem代詞分類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人主物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfours-elvesyours-elvesthem-selves物形容詞性myyourhis,her,itsouryou指示代詞this,that,such,so,thesamethese,those疑問代詞what,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,as連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever指示代詞this,that,such,so,the不定代詞all,both,either,other,another,one,each,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,none,noone…復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing,everything,everyone,nobody…相互代詞賓格eachother,oneanother所有格eachother’s,oneanother’sall,both,either,other,anot考點梳理考點梳理一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,主格在句中作主語、表語等成分,賓格在句中作動詞、介詞賓語、同位語等成分,有時也可作表語。不僅指人,也可指物,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞一、人稱代詞人稱代詞,物主代詞和反身代詞【注意】在連詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句,只保留人稱代詞,人稱代詞作主語時要用主格,在口語中也常用賓格;但當(dāng)人稱代詞后有動詞時就必須用主格。如:MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasme/I.(口語中常用me)MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasIdo.(此時只能用I)【注意】在連詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句二、物主代詞1.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,必須與所指的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和性別方面保持一致。如:Thewaitersofferedtheirfoodtothehomelessman.【注意】單數(shù)陽性名詞和單數(shù)陰性名詞連用作主語時,如果前面有every,each修飾,謂語動詞用單數(shù),代詞用his。如:二、物主代詞2.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,只能作名詞或動名詞的定語。e.g.Thisisourclassroom.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Eachboyandeachgirlwantstolendhisraincoattothesoldiers.2.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,只能作Eachboy3.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可單獨作主語、賓語、表語。此外,名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用,構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如:Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.3.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,可單獨三、反身代詞1.反身代詞通常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave等動詞和by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語。如:

Hewasleftathomeby

himselfthewholedayyesterday.三、反身代詞2.反身代詞可以作主語的同位語,主要起加強語氣的作用,意為“親自,本人,親身”。

e.g.Theteacherandpupilsmendedtheroad

themselves.3.反身代詞可以在be,feel,look,seem等系動詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。

e.g.—Youlookpale.What’swrongwithyou?—I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday,notserious,though.2.反身代詞可以作主語的同位語,主要起加強注意(1)反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。(正)Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己開車。(誤)Myselfdrovethecar.(2)在由and,or,nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself

作主語。

e.g.Charlesandmyselfsawit.(3)在不強調(diào)的情況下,but,except,for等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞均可。

e.g.Noonebutmyself/meishurt.注意(1)反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。4.反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配介詞+反身代詞

foroneself為自己;親自地

tooneself對自己;獨用

ofoneself自動地

byoneself獨自地4.反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配(2)動詞+反身代詞dressoneself自己穿衣makeoneselfathome不要客氣seatoneself=beseated就坐teachoneself自學(xué)cometooneself蘇醒devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto致力于enjoyoneself過得愉快,玩得高興helponeselfto自行取用,請自便(2)動詞+反身代詞accustomoneselfto=beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于amuseoneself消遣,自娛behaveoneself表現(xiàn)良好applyoneselftosth.致力于explainoneself說明自己的意圖expressoneself表達(dá)自己的思想abandononeselfto沉迷于,放縱accustomoneselfto=beaccusto一、指示代詞1.指上文提到的事物,一般用that,有時也用this;指下文將要提到的事物,常用this或these。如:

HesaidIwaslying,andthatwasunfair.

(that指代上文HesaidIwaslying)WhatIwantyoutorememberisthis:Practisemakesperfect.

(此句中this指代下文,不能換為that)指示代詞,相互代詞和疑問代詞一、指示代詞指示代詞,相互代詞和疑問代詞2.that/those可作定語從句的先行詞,但

this/these不能;其中those可指人,但that

不能。如:

Shehasknownthatwhichshewantedtoknow.Iadmirethosewhoarealwayshelpingothers.(those作定語從句的先行詞,指人)2.that/those可作定語從句的先行詞,但二、相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞,只有eachother和oneanother兩個詞組,都表示“互相,相互”。1.eachother和oneanother在句中可以作動詞或介詞的賓語。如:

Let’shelpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.Theylookedatoneanotherandlaughed.2.作定語時eachother和oneanother須用所有格,表示“彼此的”。如:二、相互代詞Wesaidhellotooneanother’s/eachother’sfamily.三、疑問代詞1.疑問代詞后接-ever的用法。(1)whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever

表泛指,意為“無論……”。如:

Youhaveoursupport,whateveryoudecide.Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.Idon’twanttoseethem,whoevertheyare.Wesaidhellotooneanot(2)置于疑問代詞后,用于加強語氣。如:

Whateverdoyoumean?Whoeverheardofsuchathing!(2)置于疑問代詞后,用于加強語氣。如:2.疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事物的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定,如果不清楚代表的人或物是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù),則謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。who/what/which作主語時,謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)形式,也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如:

Whatheneedsmostishismother’slove.Whatweneedaregoodbooks.2.疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事一、復(fù)合不定代詞1.修飾不定代詞的形容詞應(yīng)后置。

e.g.Isthereanythingwrongwithmycar?2.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。不定代詞一、復(fù)合不定代詞不定代詞3.復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語:

anythingbut根本不,一點也不

nothingbut只不過

donothingbut

只有,除……之外什么事也不做

havesomething/nothingtodowith

與……有/無關(guān)

somethingof有點,有幾分3.復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語:二、全部否定與部分否定由some和any構(gòu)成的不定代詞的用法與some和any的用法基本一致。all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定;noone,none,nobody,nothing,not...any以及“no+名詞”都表示全部否定;但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中,不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。二、全部否定與部分否定e.g.Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneof

themcanworkoutthisproblem.(all表示全部肯定,none表示全部否定)Suchathingcan’t

befoundeverywhere.

(“not+everywhere”表示部分否定)

Theexamisveryeasy,butnotallofthestudentscanpassit.

(“not+all”表示部分否定)e.g.Alloftheboysarecleve三、both,either,neither,each,all,noneboth表示兩者都,具有肯定含義;either表示兩者中的任何一個;neither表示兩者都不;each表示兩者或兩者以上的每一個;all表示全部,指三者或三者以上的人或物,也可籠統(tǒng)地表示“一切,所有”;none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定,與of連用或用來回答howmany/much的提問。三、both,either,neither,each,【考例】It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo_____.

A.others

B.eitherC.another

D.bothD【考例】It’saneither-orsituatio四、another,other,theother,others,theothersanother泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中不確定的另一個;other表示“另外的人/物,別的人/物”;theother指兩者中的另一個;others=other+名詞,泛指“別的人或物”;theothers指“一定范圍內(nèi)其余的人或物”,如果被指代的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則用therest。四、another,other,theother,o【考例】Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein_____,knivesandforks.

A.another

B.othersC.both

D.allB【考例】Insomecountries,people一、it作人稱代詞在特定的環(huán)境中,it也可指人,如指嬰兒、性別不詳或身份不明的人。e.g.Thebabystoppedcryingassoonasit

sawthewoman.—Whoisit?—It’sme.it的用法一、it作人稱代詞it的用法二、it作形式主語或形式賓語it可以作形式主語或形式賓語而把真正的主語或賓語后置。1.用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句Itisnecessary/important/surprising/strange+that從句,從句中謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”形式,且should可省略。二、it作形式主語或形式賓語(2)It+系動詞+名詞+that從句Itisapity/ashame/goodnews/afact/anhonour/awonder/nowonder/ourduty+that從句。e.g.It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It+不及物動詞+that從句Itseems/happened/turnedout/occurs/appears+that從句。e.g.IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIcalledonhim.(2)It+系動詞+名詞+that從句(4)It+系動詞+過去分詞+that從句Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/thought/wellknown/hoped/pointedout/foundout/suggested/ordered/advised/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that從句。e.g.It’ssaidthattheyhavesucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.(4)It+系動詞+過去分詞+that從句【注意】在“Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。e.g.Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.【注意】在“Itissuggested/advised/(5)其他句型,如Itdoesn’tmatter.../Itmakesnodifference...等。e.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyouwear,aslongasyoulookneatandtidy.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.(5)其他句型,如Itdoesn’tmatter...2.it作形式賓語的情況(1)動詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe

等后有賓語補足語時,則需要用it作形式賓語,把作為真正賓語的that從句后置。e.g.Wemake

itarulethatwegetupatsixeveryday.Weallthinkitimportantthatweshouldprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.2.it作形式賓語的情況(2)有些動詞接賓語從句時,需在動詞和從句間加it。這些動詞有:hate,appreciate,take,owe,have等。e.g.Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.(3)“動詞+介詞+it+that”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有

seeto,dependon,relyon等。e.g.Iwillseetoitthateverythingisreadyontime.(2)有些動詞接賓語從句時,需在動詞和從三、it可用在強調(diào)句型Itis/was...that...中。e.g.ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterday.【注意】it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的區(qū)別:it作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)(特別是謂語較短時),主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。三、it可用在強調(diào)句型Itis/was...that...it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句用來對句中某一個成分加以強調(diào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that...”。在正式英語中,無論強調(diào)什么部分,都要求用連詞that,但是在一般情況下,如果被強調(diào)的主語是“人”,也可用who。值得注意的是,當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是狀語時,只能用that,不要誤用when,where,how等。be動詞的時態(tài),可以隨著that從句時態(tài)的不同而變化。強調(diào)句型中去掉Itis/was和that后,句子仍然完整,而it作形式主語的句子則不能。it引導(dǎo)的強調(diào)句用來對句中某一個成分加以強調(diào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Ite.g.ItisIwhoamsettingoffforLondonnextweek.Itwasatsixo’clockthatwearrivedatthemountainvillage.Itwasatthehotelroomthatthegentlemanhadstayed.e.g.ItisIwhoamsettingof四、it的特殊用法1.指代時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象(天氣)等。e.g.Itishalfpasttwonow.(指時間)Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(指距離)Alovelyday,isn’tit?(指天氣)四、it的特殊用法2.指環(huán)境情況等。

e.g.Itisverynoisyatthemoment.

3.用于某些習(xí)語搭配。

makeit及時趕到;成功完成

catchit受處罰,被責(zé)罵2.指環(huán)境情況等。I.選用下面內(nèi)合適的代詞并用其正確形式填空(每個單詞限用一次)。neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it1.Thecellsofthebody,especially_____ofthebrain,canliveonlyseveralminuteswithoutcirculatingblood.2.Theybothsmiled;________seemedlikelytobeawareofmyabsenceforlong.3.Hewhisperedsosoftlythat_____butJulieheardhim.鞏固練習(xí)thoseneithernoneI.選用下面內(nèi)合適的代詞并用其正確形式填空(每個單詞限用一neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it4.Therewereglassesofchampagneandcigars,butnotmanyof________wereconsumed.5.—Wouldyougetmeacupofcoffee?—________one?6.Thefurniturewasratherold;he’dobviouslypickeditupfor________.7.Whenyouintroducemetothecompany,couldyoupleasesay_________forme?8.Ilike____whenabookissogoodthatyoucan’tputitdown.eitherAnothernothingsomethingitneither,none,either,noneither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it9.Thecostofrentinganapartmentdowntownishigherthan________inanyotherareaofthecity.10.Scientistshavediscoveredremarkablenewevidenceshowinghowthebodyrebuilds_____whilewesleep.11.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s________.”

thatitselfmineneither,none,e

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