考研考博-英語-中南民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的過程。也就是說，需要考慮多種選擇，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……組織中所有參與了這個(gè)過程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對一個(gè)身份不明的問題做出反應(yīng)，需要通過研究問題，確定組織的目標(biāo)，制定方案，評估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，包括問題本身的性質(zhì)，對組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動(dòng)態(tài)以及決策者的個(gè)性。選項(xiàng)A屬于評估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)B屬于確定組織的目標(biāo)；選項(xiàng)D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動(dòng)態(tài)；所以，只有選項(xiàng)C沒有涉及。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對來自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項(xiàng)B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”經(jīng)過仔細(xì)分析而選擇出的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：1906，舊金山大部分地區(qū)被地震和隨后發(fā)生的火災(zāi)摧毀。因此選B。

3.單選題

Heeyedmesilentlyforalongpause,asthoughweighingwhetherIcouldbetrustedtohisconfidence;thenspokeman-to-manthatworkingfortheCurtisCompanyplaced（）responsibilityonayoungman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.erroneous

C.eloquent

D.exterior

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormous“龐大的；巨大的”；B選項(xiàng)erroneous“錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的”；C選項(xiàng)eloquent“雄辯的；有說服力的”；D選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的；外面的”。句意：他默默地看了我許久，似乎在權(quán)衡我是否值得他信任，然后坦率地說，在柯蒂斯公司工作給了年輕人……責(zé)任。根據(jù)后面的名詞responsibility“責(zé)任”一般與表示大或者重的形容詞搭配使用，故A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.control

B.monopoly

C.business

D.belongings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指政府壟斷，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

5.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系，資產(chǎn)階級的所有制關(guān)系，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級社會(huì)，現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來的魔鬼了。幾十年來的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間，發(fā)生一種在過去一切時(shí)代看來都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫，即生產(chǎn)過剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭，使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級文明和資產(chǎn)階級所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展；相反，生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步，它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級社會(huì)陷入混亂，就使資產(chǎn)階級所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了?！Y產(chǎn)階級用什么辦法來克服這種危機(jī)呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力，另一方面奪取新的市場，更加徹底地利用舊的市場。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過是資產(chǎn)階級準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法，不過是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來越少的辦法。

6.單選題

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干invalidate“使無效，使作廢”。A項(xiàng)“摧毀，破壞”，B項(xiàng)“抨擊，痛罵”，C項(xiàng)“授權(quán)”，D項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)”。因此選A。句意：幾乎沒有或什么也沒有得到的親戚聲稱，死者在簽署文件時(shí)精神不正常，遺囑無效。

7.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers

B.Farmers

C.Europeans

D.Citydwellers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.（在美國工業(yè)化的過程中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展是鐵路的發(fā)展。）以及全文都在介紹影響美國工業(yè)化的因素（如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動(dòng)力等）綜合而知，C選項(xiàng)“影響美國工業(yè)化的因素”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“美國的鐵路發(fā)展史”，B選項(xiàng)“美國主要的工業(yè)中心”及D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)在19世紀(jì)的角色”在文中均未提及，可排除。故選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.（鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張，直到美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產(chǎn)地，原材料的生產(chǎn)和配送中心連在一起。）由此可知，美國的鐵路路線多，且像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。因此B選項(xiàng)“去描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“去強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”，C選項(xiàng)“去解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”，D選項(xiàng)“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.（工廠的這些產(chǎn)品很快被居住了工人和批發(fā)商的城市所消耗。）工廠產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市居住者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”，C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”，均不符合題意，可排除。故選D。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.（美國的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趕得上美國城市的需求，且仍然有剩余以銷售到歐洲的工業(yè)中心。）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們不能為城市生產(chǎn)足夠的食物”錯(cuò)誤，與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項(xiàng)“他們將食物銷售到歐洲國家”正確，與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.（城市人口的增加得益于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加，反過來，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用而變得更多產(chǎn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)械而提高了生產(chǎn)力”正確，與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.（工廠運(yùn)行和鐵路建設(shè)的勞動(dòng)力部分來自美國的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，那里的人正被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械所取代，一部分來自于亞洲，一部分來自歐洲。）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們由于機(jī)械化而失去了一些工作”，正確，與原文相符。故選D。

8.單選題

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。approve“批準(zhǔn)”；endorse“認(rèn)可；簽署”；oblige“迫使；強(qiáng)制”；comply“遵守；順從”。句意：如果我們能說服像耐克和可口可樂這樣的大公司來______我們的話，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)就能得到大量支持和資金。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother:andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.

46.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.

47.TheSentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.

48.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat______.

49.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.

50.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

B.personaldataassistance

C.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

D.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

B.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

C.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse

D.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone

B.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

C.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

D.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

B.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

C.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

D.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImprovementinCommunications

B.TheInlineDoctorIsIn

C.ApplicationofTelemedicine

D.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)將是……”。第二段的第二句話提到Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.（然而，越來越多的遠(yuǎn)程診斷（遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療）將基于實(shí)際患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)），由此可知，遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)是患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)，因此D項(xiàng)“病人真實(shí)的生理數(shù)據(jù)”正確；A項(xiàng)“病人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀”，第二段第一句話提到Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.（網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀提供建議就是最明顯的例子），由此可知根據(jù)病人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀診斷的是網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生，而不是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療；B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備”，第二段第三句提到AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），由此可知，個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備是用來傳輸病人生命體征，只是一種傳輸途徑而已，這與題干的問題沒有干系；C項(xiàng)“傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”，倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），這里只是提到了帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像，沒有提到傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的基礎(chǔ)，所以不選。故該題選D。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.（肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明，通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備），如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話，通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有這樣的設(shè)備，家里是否有醫(yī)生的要求可能已經(jīng)成為過去。），由此可知，隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)藥的應(yīng)用，醫(yī)生和病人不需要在同一個(gè)地方才能進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)救治，因此要求醫(yī)生在現(xiàn)場已經(jīng)成為了過去式；我們這里的cry表示“需求，要求”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們可能不會(huì)問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“病人常?？拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”和C項(xiàng)“在過去，人們經(jīng)?？拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”中，cry理解錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“病人現(xiàn)在還在問房子里是否有醫(yī)生”，原文已經(jīng)提到要求醫(yī)生在場是過去式了，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下面所有的陳述都是正確的，除了……”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在通過電話傳送病人的生命體征是可行的”，文中第二段第三句提到itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone（通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的），因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“洪水不在文中提到的災(zāi)難之列”，第四段第三句提到Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.（通信衛(wèi)星可能能夠應(yīng)付諸如地震、戰(zhàn)爭或饑荒等災(zāi)害期間的短期需求），由此可知，文中只是提及了震后，戰(zhàn)爭和災(zāi)荒的應(yīng)急，確實(shí)沒有發(fā)洪水，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的趨勢是提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)的全球訪問”，第三段最后一句提到Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.（總的來說，趨勢是向全球提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)知識(shí)），由此可知C項(xiàng)也正確。D項(xiàng)“許多醫(yī)療小組正在使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為災(zāi)害應(yīng)對的一種工具”，根據(jù)第三段第二句Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.（至少有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望將遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為一種災(zāi)難應(yīng)對工具——尤其是在地震之后）可知，文中只是說有醫(yī)學(xué)小組在嘗試這一舉動(dòng)，而非成熟到可以被應(yīng)用，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第四段中的‘problem’指的是一個(gè)……事實(shí)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段前兩句Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.（但有一個(gè)問題。帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素，CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一），由此可知這個(gè)問題指的是帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像；所以C項(xiàng)“帶寬不足以在全世界傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的移動(dòng)電話來分發(fā)醫(yī)療情報(bào)”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一”，這只是帶寬的限制性因素之一，不夠全面，所以B項(xiàng)不選；D項(xiàng)“通信衛(wèi)星只能應(yīng)付災(zāi)害期間的短期需求”，這只是講述現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況，而不是問題，所以該項(xiàng)不選。故該題選C。

50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題會(huì)是……”。全文講述的主要是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療將取代過去醫(yī)生和病人必須同時(shí)在場的方式成為新的保健醫(yī)療的方式，并介紹了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的具體應(yīng)用和前景；因此C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的應(yīng)用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“改善通信”，這只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分；所以不選；B項(xiàng)“在線醫(yī)生”，文章不是討論在線醫(yī)生，所以不選；D項(xiàng)“如何遠(yuǎn)程診斷”，這也只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分，比較片面，故不選。因此，該題選C。

10.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理學(xué)家把這個(gè)問題看作是一件沮喪的是或是一個(gè)笑話）可知A選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他們急忙指出，不同并不等于好或壞）可知B選項(xiàng)表述不正確；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異，它必須具有一定的意義）可知D選項(xiàng)表述不正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D選項(xiàng)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為，正是社會(huì)的影響產(chǎn)生了這些差異）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并非易事）可知選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我們也不知道這兩部分是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異肯定會(huì)有一定的影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異存在于大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力加工的差異）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了男性和女性的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差別，科學(xué)家對這種差別所做的研究，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”符合題意。

11.單選題

Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.

Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.

Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommitte