考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Withthe（）ofaluminum,shinymetalssuchastinorcopperturnsintoblackpowderswhengroundfine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reception

B.deception

C.exception

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Withtheexceptionof指除了...之外。句意：除了鋁之外,其他的亮光金屬，如錫或銅，在磨細(xì)后都會(huì)變成黑色粉末。

2.翻譯題

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商在內(nèi)的批評(píng)人士警告說，如果幾百萬人在同一時(shí)間下載節(jié)目，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)因無法承受壓力而崩潰。

2.寬帶公司稱，這一服務(wù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致“網(wǎng)絡(luò)交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高達(dá)數(shù)百萬英鎊。

3.他說：“過去三十年中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的容量增加了一百萬倍……我們還遠(yuǎn)沒用盡這些容量。看到大量信息在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)間傳輸，有人產(chǎn)生這樣的擔(dān)憂是可以理解的?！?/p>

3.單選題

Thehumangenesequencewillallowresearcherstomakerapidprogressinunderstandingtherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior.Thefindingthatwehavefarfewergenesthanexpectedsuggeststhatenvironmentalinfluencesplayagreaterroleinourdevelopmentthanwaspreviouslythought.

Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslateintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture."Wenowhavethelistofpartsofthehumanbody,"saidMr.JohnSulston,whospearheadedUKeffortstocrackthehumancode."Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."

Researchersarepredictingthedatawillunlocksomeofthesecretsofhowgenesinfluencebehavior.Buttheywarnagainstheadline-makingclaimsthatgivengenescanbethecaseofcrime,homosexualityorevensportingbrilliance.DrCraigVenter,theleaderofprivateefforttodecodethehumangenome,saidgeneticdeterminism,theideathatapersoniscontrolledbyhisgeneswasafallacy."Therearetwofallaciestobeavoided,"DrVenter'steamwritesinthejournalScience."Determinism,theideathatallcharacteristicsofapersonare'hard-wired'bythegenome;andreductionism,thatnowthehumansequenceiscompletelyknown,itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability.

Oneimplicationofthework,saidDrVenter,wastocalmfearsabouthumancloning.“Tryingtocloneapersontogainimmoralitywouldbepointlessventure”，hesaid.Dr,Ventersaid,"Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,aswithtwins,havesomeonewholookssimilartoyou,thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero.That'swhyyoucannothaveXeroxcopiesofpeople;youcannothaveclonesofpeoplethatwillbethesame."

Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia.Researchersarealsoclosinginonstretchesofgeneticcodethatmaymakeanindividualmorevulnerabletodevelopingdrugoralcoholaddiction.

1.Followingthefindingthatwehavefewergenes,furtherresearchmaybeconductedinto（）.

2.The"listofpartsofhumanbody"(inthesecondparagraph)actuallyrefersto（）.

3.Thebeliefofreductionismmightbethat（）.

4.Thereasonwhywedon'thavetoworryabouthumancloningisthat（）.

5.Asalikelyresultofgeneresearchdescribedinthepassage,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howthehumangeneticsequencesinfluencetherelationshipbetweengenesandbehavior

B.whyenvironmentalinfluenceplaysagreaterroleinourgrowth

C.whyinheritanceplaysalesserroleinshapingourdestiny

D.howthegenesarecombinedtocreateincrediblecomplexityofhumanbeing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehumanlimbs

B.thehumanorgans

C.thehumanlimbsandorgans

D.thetotalnumberofgenes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humandiversitycanbeunderstoodbylookingatgenefunctionsandinteractions

B.ittakesalongtimeforustounderstandgenefunctionsandinteractions

C.itisfalsebeliefthatapersoniscontrolledcompletelybyhisgenes

D.byrearranginghumangeneticsequencenewbeingscanbecreatedatwill

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetechniqueisdoomedfromtheverybeginning

B.nopersonwhowillliveforevercanbecreated

C.noindividualhumanexperiencecanbeduplicated

D.nopersonofidenticalappearancecanbecopied

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.drugprohibitionlawswillbeabolishedsomeday

B.thecaseofmentaldisorderwillbereduced

C.humanpersonalitycanbesimulatedoraltered

D.idealhumanbeingscanbecreatedbyrearrangingthegenes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:在“我們有少量的基因”這一發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，進(jìn)一步的研究會(huì)進(jìn)入什么方面？第二段首句指出:Understandinghowarelativelysmallnumberofgenestranslatedintotheincrediblecomplexityofahumanbeingwillbeoneofthechallengesofthefuture(弄清楚如此少量的基因是如何轉(zhuǎn)變成人類的不可思議的復(fù)雜性，這個(gè)問題將成為將來的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn))。因此選D項(xiàng)“基因是如何結(jié)合來創(chuàng)造人類不可思議的復(fù)雜性的”。

2.語義題。"listofpartsofhumanbody(身體的零件目錄)"后面句子對(duì)其做出了解釋:"Nowwehavetofindoutwhatthepartsare,wehavetofindouthowallthepartsinteractandwehavetoprobablydosomeverysophisticatedthingstounderstandhowthecontrolofthoseinteractionsgoesforwardtoactuallybuildourbodies."(現(xiàn)在我們必須找出這些部件是什么，是如何相互作用的，我們可能必須做一些非常復(fù)雜的事情來理解如何控制這些相互作用，從而真正地建立我們的身體)。由此推測(cè),“零件目錄”指人類身體中的基因列表。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reductionism定位至第二段:reductionism,that…，itisjustamatteroftimebeforeourunderstandingofgenefunctionsandinteractionswillprovideacompletecausaldescriptionofhumanvariability(簡(jiǎn)化論是指:現(xiàn)在人類基因排序完全被了解。我們弄清楚基因的功能，以及基因的相互作用提供人類多變性的完整因果描述，這都只是時(shí)間問題),因此A項(xiàng)“通過觀察基因功能和基因的互相影響，可以理解人類的多樣性”符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞cloning定位至第四段:Thiswholedebateaboutthecloningismuchadoaboutnothingbecausewhileyoumaybeableto,…，thechancesofthemhavingthesamepersonalityandthesameoutcomeinlifeisclosetozero(關(guān)于克隆的整個(gè)爭(zhēng)論都是小題大做，因?yàn)殡m然你可能如同雙胞胎一樣，會(huì)有一個(gè)看起來很像的人，但是，在生活中，擁有相同的性格和相同的結(jié)果的幾率幾乎是零),故選C“個(gè)體的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷是不能復(fù)制的”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:文章所描述的基因研究的一個(gè)可能性結(jié)果是什么？第五段指出:Oneareawherethestudyofgenesisexpectedtohaveanimpactisinidentifyingmentaldisorderswithgeneticroots,perhapsreducingthestigmaofconditionssuchasdepressionorschizophrenia(人們希望基因研究領(lǐng)域能對(duì)確認(rèn)精祌疾病的遺傳根源有所影響，以此來減少抑郁和精祌分裂這些疾病的狀況),故選B“精祌疾病的案例會(huì)減少”。

4.翻譯題

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商務(wù)活動(dòng)對(duì)于一個(gè)國家及其人民來說，無論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性都不過分。在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于出口貿(mào)易的增長，而出口貿(mào)易反過來又能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并提高生活水平。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而增加的對(duì)進(jìn)口物資的需求，這種需求必須以某種方式從外匯交易、出口收入和對(duì)外投資中獲得資金。沒有出口的有力擴(kuò)張，國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度肯定會(huì)放慢。作為一名商務(wù)代表，你們的目標(biāo)從廣泛意義上來說顯然是盡最大努力提高你們國家的出口創(chuàng)匯能力。

駐外商務(wù)代表本身是一種職業(yè)，這是早就應(yīng)該承認(rèn)的事實(shí)，其成功與否與商務(wù)代表的慎重選擇息息相關(guān)。是否有正規(guī)教育和專門訓(xùn)練的水平和內(nèi)容、他們過去的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多少和內(nèi)容，以及他們能從國內(nèi)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)組織(TPO)或商務(wù)部獲得的什么樣的支持，這些都是應(yīng)該考慮的內(nèi)容。

5.單選題

Thesignificanceofmagazinesamongcontemporarymediaissometimes（）underestimated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profoundly

B.radically

C.graphically

D.grossly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。profoundly深刻地；radically根本上，徹底地；graphically以書畫形式；grossly很，非常?？崭裉幪钜粋€(gè)副詞修飾underestimated，能修飾“低估”只有D項(xiàng)。grosslyunderestimated極大地被低估。graphicallyunderestimated徹底被低估，過于絕對(duì)。句意：雜志在當(dāng)代媒體中的意義有時(shí)被極大地低估了。

6.單選題

OntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.

Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.

Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,”helaterwarned.

Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.

Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,follyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”？

2.WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?

3.Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended（

）.

4.ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Inwhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?

5.Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.

B.Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.

C.Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.

D.Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Esotericcultandpractices.

B.Eccentricapproach.

C.Catatonicstate.

D.Histrionicdisorder.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermany

B.toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappiness

C.toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsociety

D.toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.

B.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.

C.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.

D.OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpast.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.autopianreformer

B.anincurableromanticlostintime

C.animprobablevisionary

D.alevel-headedpurpose-drivenman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞coterie出現(xiàn)在文章首段首句，acoterieof用來修飾后面的hisseniorofficers，是量詞。前面主人公是納粹黨衛(wèi)軍領(lǐng)袖，他與軍官們自然是處于同一陣線的。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)?；ハ嘟煌囊唤M人”；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人在社交場(chǎng)合可能會(huì)遇到的許多人”；C選項(xiàng)“無差別的一群人，只會(huì)在極少數(shù)情況下有往來”；D選項(xiàng)“許多人互相聯(lián)系討論政治問題”。軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)袖與他的軍官之間自然是屬于第一類“經(jīng)?；ハ嘟煌囊唤M人”。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于“howHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast（希姆萊打算如何讓所有黨衛(wèi)軍成員同化德國的封建歷史）”，相關(guān)信息出現(xiàn)在第三段第二句“heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich”，他認(rèn)為過去的封建制度是第三帝國輝煌的未來藍(lán)圖。緊跟著第三句說到“...plannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine”，計(jì)劃將大教堂布滿灰塵的墳?zāi)棺兂牲h衛(wèi)軍的圣地。在最后一段第三句中提到“…h(huán)einstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices”，他教導(dǎo)黨衛(wèi)軍士兵和他們的家人學(xué)習(xí)古德國的宗教、知識(shí)和耕作方法。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知，A選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰和實(shí)踐”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于“Himmlerprimarilyintended（希姆萊主要目的是）”，最后兩段說了希姆萊的一些做法及計(jì)劃，但是關(guān)鍵在于最后一段中第六句說到“Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire”，通過這種方式，希姆萊希望創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)新的黃金時(shí)代，從而扭轉(zhuǎn)西方文明的衰落，將人類從泥潭中拯救出來。因此，希姆萊的主要意圖是B選項(xiàng)“復(fù)興德國人曾幸福生活的繁榮時(shí)代”。

第4題:4.語義題。AlbertSpeer對(duì)于希姆萊的這句評(píng)價(jià)出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第三句，他人的評(píng)價(jià)可以認(rèn)為是“果”，而“因”則要往前面找。本段第一句說到“Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.”第三帝國的學(xué)者們一直嘲笑希姆萊對(duì)德國歷史的濃厚興趣，認(rèn)為像他訪問奎德林堡這樣的場(chǎng)合是一個(gè)醉心于權(quán)力的狂熱分子的愚蠢行為。換句話說希姆萊對(duì)德國中世紀(jì)歷史的熱愛被認(rèn)為是荒謬的，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第四段對(duì)于希姆萊做了這樣的評(píng)價(jià)“Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplanner”，說他并不是迷失在幻想中的夢(mèng)想家，而是細(xì)心、有條理的策劃者。A選項(xiàng)autopianreformer“一個(gè)烏托邦式的改革者”；B選項(xiàng)anincurableromanticlostintime“迷失在時(shí)間里的無可救藥的浪漫主義者”；C選項(xiàng)animprobablevisionary“一個(gè)幾乎不可能的空想家”；D選項(xiàng)alevel-headedpurpose-drivenman“頭腦冷靜、目標(biāo)明確的人”。綜合選項(xiàng)與文意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Fromthiscoursethestudentsshould（

）someusefulknowledgeinpoliticalscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.demand

C.enquire

D.acquire

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，請(qǐng)求，需要”；enquire“打聽，詢問”；acquire“獲得，取得”。句意：通過這節(jié)課，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該掌握一些與政治科學(xué)相關(guān)的實(shí)用知識(shí)。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atitsmostbasic

B.what

C.usedtodefine

D.andincludes

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。B選項(xiàng)后面的句子主語是employees，謂語think，act，feel都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語，因此應(yīng)將what改為how。

9.單選題

Thefailureofelectricityputallthecomputersintheregionoutof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.tune

C.gearing

D.action

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。outofwork失業(yè)；outoftune不協(xié)調(diào)；outofgearing沒有這種搭配；outofaction損壞，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。句意：電力故障使該地區(qū)所有的計(jì)算機(jī)無法工作。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Youshould（

）yourselfwiththerelevantfactsbeforemakingadecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaint

B.acquire

C.acknowledge

D.attempt

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acquaint“使熟悉，使認(rèn)識(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”；C選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”；D選項(xiàng)attempt“企圖，嘗試”。句意：在做決定之前，你應(yīng)該熟悉相關(guān)的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

They（）sotiredifthey（）forawholeday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk

B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.

C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking

D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查混合虛擬語氣，if引導(dǎo)的條件句中表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用had+過去分詞，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)A、B、C，又因?yàn)橹骶洳糠直硎镜氖乾F(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以需要用would+動(dòng)原，由此可知，此題選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。句意：如果他們不是一整天都在走路，那么他們將不會(huì)感到如此疲憊。

12.單選題

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。A項(xiàng)shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事（其實(shí)沒做）”；B項(xiàng)musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C項(xiàng)wouldhavedone表示“將會(huì)做某事”，常用于表達(dá)虛擬語氣；D項(xiàng)oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”，比shouldhavedone語氣強(qiáng)，意思為根據(jù)責(zé)任或者義務(wù)應(yīng)該做。句意：警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Hisuseofcolor,lightandformquicklydepartedfromtheconventionalstyleofhis（）ashedevelopedhisowntechnique.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.successors

D.ancestors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A:descendant“后代”；B:predecessor“前輩”；C:successor“繼任者，繼承人”；D:ancestor“祖先”。句意：隨著他發(fā)展自己的技術(shù)，他對(duì)顏色、光線和形式的使用迅速地背離了他前輩的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobile“可移動(dòng)的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)drifting“漂流的；飄動(dòng)的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動(dòng)著；C選項(xiàng)shifting“不斷移動(dòng)的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項(xiàng)rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)管理全國15所圖書館，其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動(dòng)圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語為mobilelibrary，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)configuration“配置；結(jié)構(gòu)；外形”；B選項(xiàng)constitution“憲法；體制；構(gòu)造；結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項(xiàng)condemnation“譴責(zé)；定罪；非難的理由”；D選項(xiàng)contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科學(xué)》雜志上有一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機(jī)化合物大多數(shù)來自地球本身的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是火星上的細(xì)菌。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theperiodofhistorywhichiscommonlycalled“modern”hasamentaloutlookwhichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways.Ofthese,twoare（1）:thediminishingauthorityoftheChurch,andtheincreasingauthorityofscience.（2）,othersareconnected.Thecultureof（3）ismorelaythanclerical.StatesincreasinglyreplacetheChurchasthegovernmentalauthoritythatcontrolsculture.Thegovernmentofnationsis,atfirst,mainly（4）kings;then,asinancientGreece,thekingsaregraduallyreplacedbydemocraciesortyrants.ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctionsthatitperforms,（5）throughoutthewholeperiod(apartfromsomeminorfluctuations);butatmosttimestheStatehaslessinfluenceontheopinionsofphilosophersthantheChurch（6）intheMiddleAges.Thefeudalaristocracy,（7）,northoftheAlps,hasbeenable,tillthefifteenthcentury,toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments,losesfirstitspoliticalandthenitseconomicimportance.Itisreplacedbytheking（8）richmerchants;thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.Thereisatendencyfor（9）tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy.FromthetimeoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutionsonwards,democracy,inthemodernsense,becomesanimportantpoliticalforce.Socialism,（10）democracybasedonprivateproperty,firstacquiresgovernmentalpowerin1917.Thisformofgovernment,however,ifitspreads,mustobviouslybringwithitanewformof（11）:theculturewithwhichweshallbeconcernedisinthemain“l(fā)iberal”,（12）,ofthekindmostnaturallyassociatedwithcommerce.（13）thereareimportantexceptions,especiallyinGermany;FichteandHegel,totaketwoexamples,haveanoutlookwhichistotallyunconnectedwithcommerce.But（14）arenottypicaloftheirage.

Therejectionofecclesiasticalauthority,whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage,beginsearlierthan（15）characteristic,whichistheacceptanceof（16）.IntheItalianRenaissance,scienceplayedaverysmallpart;theoppositiontotheChurch,inmen’sthoughts,wasconnectedwithantiquity,andlookedstilltothepast,buttoamoredistantpastthan（17）theearlyChurchandtheMiddleAges.Thefirstseriousirruptionof（18）wasthepublicationoftheCopemicantheoryin1543;but（19）didnotbecomeinfluentialuntilitwastakenupandimprovedbyKeplerandGalileointheseventeenthcentury.Thenbeganthelong（20）betweenscienceanddogma,inwhichtraditionalistsfoughtalosingbattleagainstnewknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreimportant

B.theleastimportant

C.lessimportant

D.themostimportant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Withthesetwo

B.Ofthesetwo

C.Amongthese

D.Aboutthese

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.medievalperiod

B.Christiantime

C.moderntimes

D.scientifictime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inthehandsof

B.athandof

C.athandsof

D.inthehandof

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.growingsteady

B.growsteadily

C.growssteadily

D.growsteady

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.has

B.had

C.is

D.was

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.forwhich

C.which

D.what

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.inallegianceto

B.beingallergicto

C.inalliancewith

D.inallianceof

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.theking

B.theChurch

C.theAlps

D.therichmerchants

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.asopposingto

B.inoppositeto

C.asopposedto

D.inoppositionbetween

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.culture

B.government

C.democracy

D.socialism

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.furthermore

C.moreover

D.thatistosay

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.Forthis

B.Tothis

C.Atit

D.Byit

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.suchexamples

B.theseoutlooks

C.suchexceptions

D.thesetwofigures

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.thepositive

B.apositive

C.thepessimistic

D.apessimistic

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.churchauthority

B.scientificauthority

C.liberalism

D.socialism

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.thatof

B.thatin

C.of

D.in

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.thepublication

B.anauthority

C.science

D.atheory

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.thispublication

B.thistheory

C.theirruption

D.science

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.opposition

C.fight

D.period

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:C

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前一句，“whichdiffersfromthatofthemedievalperiodinmanyways”，可知現(xiàn)代的精神面貌在很多方面與中世紀(jì)不同，空格下文提到在這些方面中，有兩個(gè)方面應(yīng)該是最重要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后“connected”可知，題目考查固定搭配“beconnectedwith”，意為“和……聯(lián)系”，文意為其他方面與這兩個(gè)方面相互聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的“ismorelaythanclerical”，可知這種文化是比教權(quán)主義更加世俗的。根據(jù)上文提到了這種文化是教會(huì)主義的削弱和科學(xué)權(quán)威的提升，可知應(yīng)該是指現(xiàn)代文化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前“Thegovernmentofnationsis”，可知起初，國家的政府主要由國王掌握管理。固定搭配“inthehandsof”意為“由……掌握”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）考查語法。根據(jù)語法知識(shí)，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，可排除A和D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)空格前的“performs”可知，句子應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語為“ThepowerofthenationalState,andthefunctions”，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用原形grow，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）語法題。根據(jù)題意，可知國家對(duì)哲學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)的影響比中世紀(jì)教會(huì)帶來的影響更小，所以空格中提到的是中世紀(jì)教會(huì)的影響，要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）語法題。根據(jù)文章，“Thefeudalaristocracy…h(huán)asbeenable…toholditsownagainstcentralgovernments…”，可知空格前后兩句的關(guān)系為修飾關(guān)系，空格后一句是用來修飾空格前的“Thefeudalaristocracy”。兩句有逗號(hào)隔開，可知空格所在的句子為非限制性定語從句，由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（8）固定搭配。inalliancewith“與……聯(lián)盟”，inallegianceto“獻(xiàn)身于”，beingallergicto“對(duì)是過敏的”；沒有固定搭配inallianceof。句意：取而代之的是，國王和富商聯(lián)盟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格上文，“thesetwosharepowerindifferentproportionsindifferentcountries.”，這兩種階層在不同的國家有不同的權(quán)力?！皌hesetwo”是指國王和富商。根據(jù)空格后“tobecomeabsorbedintothearistocracy”，可知這類人有被吸收成為貴族階級(jí)的趨勢(shì)，所以這類人應(yīng)該是富商。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（10）固定搭配。asopposedto“與……截然相反，對(duì)照”；inoppositeto“反對(duì)，在……對(duì)面”；沒有搭配asopposingto；inoppositionbetween“在……間的對(duì)立面”。句意：社會(huì)主義與民主主義相反，民主主義是基于私有的民主，而社會(huì)主義在1917年首次獲得政府權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后的theculture可知，上文應(yīng)該提到的是帶來一種新的文化形式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。however“然而，可是”；furthermore“此外，而且”；moreover“而且，此外”；thatistosay“就是，換言之”。句意：我們所關(guān)心的的文化主要是“自由主義者”，換言之，就是自然而然地和商業(yè)聯(lián)系起來的一種文化。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（13）固定搭配?？崭窈蟮膃xceptions和介詞to構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為“針對(duì)……的例外情況”。句意：針對(duì)這種文化會(huì)與商業(yè)自然而然聯(lián)系起來的這種情況，也存在很多重要的例外，特別是在德國。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，空格前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前提到了文化不與商業(yè)聯(lián)系的例外情況，所以空格后句意應(yīng)為：這樣的例外在他們的年代并不典型。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格前，“whichisthenegativecharacteristicofthemodernage”，可知提到了現(xiàn)代的消極特征，那么與空格的“積極特征”形成對(duì)應(yīng)，消極特征比積極特征開始得早得多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂疤岬搅朔穸ń虝?huì)的權(quán)威是現(xiàn)代的消極特征，根據(jù)空格后文提到的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，科學(xué)發(fā)揮了重大作用，可知空格中指代“對(duì)科學(xué)權(quán)威的接受”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）語法題。根據(jù)單詞than可知前后存在比較關(guān)系，用指示代詞that指代thepast，使前后具有可比性。空格后的早期教堂和中世紀(jì)年代對(duì)that起限定修飾作用，所以用介詞of連接，使其充當(dāng)后置定語。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（18）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空格后文“thepublicationoftheCopernicantheory”，可知哥白尼理論的發(fā)表是一種科學(xué)的介入。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，內(nèi)容形成對(duì)應(yīng)?？崭袂疤岬搅烁绨啄崂碚?，空格后繼續(xù)闡述哥白尼理論直到17世紀(jì)被開普勒和伽利略采用和改善才變得有影響力。所以空格指代哥白尼理論。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）名詞詞義辨析。compromise“妥協(xié)，折衷”；opposition“反對(duì)”；fight“斗爭(zhēng)”；period“周期，時(shí)期”。句意：這開始了科學(xué)和教條之間的長期斗爭(zhēng)，傳統(tǒng)主義在與新知識(shí)的戰(zhàn)斗中失敗了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

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