考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin…slices".

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmaxonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradioopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureof'tissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（）

.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore（）

.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-dimensional.

B.Three-dimensional.

C.Animated.

D.Intensified.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cautious.

B.Tolerant.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Critical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ConventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair...”可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:通讀全文可知，計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說，能夠顯示三維物體所包含的所有信息，能夠清楚地看到更深層次的組織，以及通過物質(zhì)的密度進(jìn)行定位，這些都說明計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說更加信息化。只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:通讀全文可知，作者對(duì)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的態(tài)度是積極的，看好的。選項(xiàng)A謹(jǐn)慎的；選項(xiàng)B寬容的；選項(xiàng)D批評(píng)的，都不符合原文。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)原文可知，計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描可以監(jiān)測患者的疾??；可以診斷疾??；可以定位腫瘤，但不能重建受損組織。所以選D。

2.單選題

Theheavilypopulatedareawasabreedingplacefor（）diseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infectious

B.powerful

C.influential

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】infectious傳染的；powerful強(qiáng)大的；influential有影響力的；suspicious可疑的。句意：人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Theexamination（

）veryeasyifallstudentspassed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavebeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.oughttobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)“肯定”；B選項(xiàng)“過去完成時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)“過去”；D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該”。句意：試卷（）很容易如果所有學(xué)生都通過了。musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的肯定的推測，答案選A。后面的從句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以不能選D，D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

4.單選題

Climateandweatheraffectevery（）ofourlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.factor

B.respect

C.aspect

D.part

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)factor“因素；要素”；B選項(xiàng)respect“尊重；方面”，C選項(xiàng)aspect“方面；方向”，D選項(xiàng)part“部分；角色”；原句：氣候和天氣會(huì)影響我們生活的方方面面，固定搭配只能用aspect表示，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Theconferencechairmanmadea（

）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。interesting“有趣的”；renewable“可再生的”；reversible“可逆的，可撤銷的”；preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：在開始下午的主要議程之前，會(huì)議主席致了開幕詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.翻譯題

中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各

種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階

段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了

被動(dòng)的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，

自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以去貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。

中國科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

7.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.

B.Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.

C.Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.

D.Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.

B.Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.

C.Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.

D.Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.

B.Thesigningofaglobalagreement.

C.Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.

D.Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Planwellinadvance.

B.Adoptnewtechnology.

C.Carryoutmoreresearchonit.

D.Cutdownenergyconsumption.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationOne

W:ProfessorHenderson,couldyougiveusabriefoverviewofwhatyoudo,whereyouworkandyourmainareaofresearch?

M:[1]Well,theCenterforClimateResearchwhereIworklinksthescienceofclimatechangetoissuesaroundeconomicsandpolicy.Someofourresearchistodowiththelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeandalloftheassociatedrisks.

W:Andhowstrongistheevidencethatclimatechangeishappeningthatisreallysomethingweneedtobeworriedabout?

M:Well,mostofthescienceofclimatechange,particularlythattodowithglobalwarming,issimplyfact.Butotheraspectsofthesciencearelesscertain,oratleastmoredisputed.Andsowearereallytalkingaboutrisk,[2]Whattheeconomicstellsusisthatit’sprobablycheapertoavoidclimatechangetoavoidtheriskthanitistodealwiththelikelyconsequences.

W:Sowhatarewedoing?Whatcanwedoaboutit?

M:Well,Iwouldarguethatweneedtodevelopthesciencespecificallytounderstandthelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeindifferentcontexts.AsIsaid,weneedtounderstandthebestwaysofavoidingclimatechange.[3]Andthiswillinvolveahugetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.Andthetransitionisatremendouspriority.Andforthistohappen,wemayneedactiononaglobalscale.Fromapoliticalperspective,weneedtounderstandthetermsonwhichmajorcountrieslikeChinaandtheUSAmightsignuptoaglobalagreementbecauseatthemomentwedon’thavethatconsensus.

W:Right…

M:[4]Andwealsoneedtoplanaheadsothatwe’reinapositiontodealwiththelikelylevelsofclimatechangewhicharealreadyinevitable,andevenmoresotooforthelevelsthatarelikelyifwedon’tgetthoseglobalagreements.

1.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayabouthismainareaofresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于他的主要研究領(lǐng)域，亨德森教授說了些什么？對(duì)話開頭，女士開門見山地問亨德森教授其主要的研究領(lǐng)域是什么。亨德森教授回答說他在氣候研究中心工作，該中心主要是把一些有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策的問題與氣候變化這門科學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。B選項(xiàng)“它將氣候變化的科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策問題聯(lián)系起來”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它著重于各國應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖所能做出的努力”，錄音最后只是提到亨德森教授希望主要國家能簽署全球協(xié)議，但沒有提到他的研究致力于讓所有國家一起應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除；C選項(xiàng)“研究全球氣候變化對(duì)人們生活的影響”，錄音提到這只是他們的部分研究，并不是主要研究范圍，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測全球氣候變化可能發(fā)生的趨勢(shì)”在錄音中沒有提及。

2.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayaboutclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于氣候變化，亨德森教授說了什么？錄音中，亨德森教授提到，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)告訴我們：比起應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化可能帶來的最終后果，我們預(yù)防氣候變化所花的代價(jià)要更少。A選項(xiàng)“處理氣候變化的后果將比避免氣候變化的代價(jià)更大”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“需要很長時(shí)間才能就其影響達(dá)成共識(shí)”，錄音只是提到主要國家在如何共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的方面還沒有達(dá)成共識(shí)，并沒有提及達(dá)成共識(shí)仍需一段時(shí)間，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于所有國家來說，氣候變化是最緊迫的一個(gè)議題”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“氣候變化肯定會(huì)在各國之間帶來無窮的爭議”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的disputed一詞作干擾，亨德森教授說的是在氣候變化這門科學(xué)上，除全球變暖外，其他方面還存在爭議，并不是說會(huì)在各國之間帶來爭議，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

3.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayisatoppriorityincombatingclimatechange?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問亨德森教授認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的首要任務(wù)是什么？錄音提到，亨德森教授認(rèn)為我們需了解避免氣候變化的最佳方法，這涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的問題，而我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先解決這一問題。因此D選項(xiàng)“向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的過渡”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提高人們的意識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“世界主要國家之間合作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“全球協(xié)議的簽署”在錄音中雖然有所提及，但不是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的首要任務(wù)，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。

4.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonadviseustodotobetterdealwithclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為了更好地應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，亨德森教授建議我們做些什么？錄音最后亨德森教授提到，為應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化可能帶來的影響，我們需要提前做好準(zhǔn)備。A選項(xiàng)“提前做好準(zhǔn)備”中的inadvance是錄音中ahead的同義替換，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“采用新科技”；C選項(xiàng)“開展更多研究”和D選項(xiàng)“降低能耗”在錄音中均未提及，因此可排除。

8.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amplify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；B選項(xiàng)certify“證明”；C選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項(xiàng)magnify“贊美，夸大”。

句意：這個(gè)文憑很重要，它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國的制造商一直試圖通過削減成本來提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國際競爭力。”確定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競爭力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人。’所以B選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來描述？’文章一開始作者提出隨著市場份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無私的，公正的”正確。

10.單選題

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exertion“發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用；努力”；B選項(xiàng)gritty“堅(jiān)韌不拔；多沙”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真（效）（技術(shù)）；模仿（擬）；競爭；效法”；D選項(xiàng)stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（連續(xù)的）一段時(shí)間；服刑期”。句意：我接納了兩家歐洲俱樂部，每個(gè)周末都觀看他們的比賽，把工作時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在閱讀有關(guān)他們的博客上，全身心地投入到他們的苦戰(zhàn)中。travail“艱苦勞動(dòng)；煎熬，痛苦，艱辛”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.（雖然有高度職業(yè)犯罪涉及汽車盜竊，幾乎90%的汽車犯罪是由機(jī)會(huì)主義者干的）可知只有少數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的，因此C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)汽車是被職業(yè)竊賊偷走的”說法不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals（把貴重物品放在顯眼的地方是對(duì)罪犯的一種誘惑）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness（我們自己的粗心大意給那些業(yè)余小偷助了一臂之力）可知與A選項(xiàng)“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking（內(nèi)政部發(fā)現(xiàn)，駕車者對(duì)安全停車的意識(shí)很低）可知與B“未意識(shí)到安全停車”相符；由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.（這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目去年采訪了近100名偷車賊，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多偷車賊會(huì)翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知與C選項(xiàng)“留在汽車座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此選D，汽車鎖的質(zhì)量問題并沒有在文中提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.（如果你有一個(gè)車庫，使用它并鎖上它——停在車庫里風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要小得多）可知B選項(xiàng)“用車庫把它鎖上”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知本文主要分析了英國汽車盜竊案上升的原因：駕駛員的粗心大意；安全停車意識(shí)低；將值錢物品放到顯眼處；外套扔在車座上等等，因此選A。

12.單選題

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resign“辭職”；reject“拒絕”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替換”。句意：十天前，這個(gè)年輕人告知了他的老板他要離職的打算。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass______realizedshehadforgottenherbook.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andshe

B.she

C.whenshe

D.thatshe

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.andshe并且她B.she她

C.whenshe當(dāng)她D.thatshe她

【考查點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文的notuntil可知，itwasnotuntil…that…是強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型，表示“直到……才”，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)均不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【句意】直到她到了教室才意識(shí)到她忘記帶書了。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomequestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtomakethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,centresofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletravelledlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,intheend,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Whatdoestheword“daunting”inthethirdparagraphmean?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Employmentbecomewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodemmeansoftransportation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpreindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shocking

B.Interesting

C.Confusing

D.Stimulating

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheimpracticalgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.（當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候把一些努力和資源從為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)移到幫助許多沒有全職工作的人管理的緊迫的實(shí)際任務(wù)上了），可知D選項(xiàng)“一些努力和資源應(yīng)該用來幫助更多的人應(yīng)對(duì)失業(yè)問題”正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.（17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生，從而剝奪了他們對(duì)土地的使用權(quán)，從而失去了維持生計(jì)的手段），可知A選項(xiàng)“就業(yè)在17和18世紀(jì)變得普遍”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提到就業(yè)普遍；B選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)仍將是工業(yè)化國家的主要問題”和C選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束”沒有在文章內(nèi)具體提及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife（與此同時(shí)，就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作，把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子，這已成為一種慣例），可知C選項(xiàng)“婦女從家務(wù)勞動(dòng)中解脫出來”錯(cuò)誤，原文只是提到就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位，沒有說要讓婦女從家務(wù)中解脫出來；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosureofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved...（17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)使許多人不得不依靠有償工作謀生，從而剝奪了他們對(duì)土地的使用權(quán)，從而失去了維持生計(jì)的手段。然后，工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了家庭手工業(yè)，將工作從人們的家中移走。后來，隨著交通運(yùn)輸?shù)母纳啤┛梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“17、18世紀(jì)的圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)”，B選項(xiàng)正確“工廠的發(fā)展”以及D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代交通工具的發(fā)展”在文中都有提到；因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowanunwillinggeneralagreementthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.（現(xiàn)在，民意調(diào)查開始顯示出一種不情愿的普遍共識(shí)，即無論誰是罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝瑹o論從現(xiàn)在開始發(fā)生什么，高失業(yè)率很可能會(huì)持續(xù)下去）可以判斷出A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)接受民意調(diào)查的人認(rèn)為失業(yè)問題可能不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)得到解決”正確；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)修建新鐵路和工廠時(shí)，許多農(nóng)民失去了他們的土地”錯(cuò)誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Itbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.（與此同時(shí)，就業(yè)讓女性處于不利地位。丈夫出去找工作，把家務(wù)和家庭的無償工作留給妻子，這已成為一種慣例）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“在前工業(yè)社會(huì)，家務(wù)勞動(dòng)和社區(qū)服務(wù)主要由婦女進(jìn)行”錯(cuò)誤，并不包括社區(qū)服務(wù)；根據(jù)第三段第二句Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.（工業(yè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在可能即將結(jié)束，它所帶來的一些工作模式的變化可能不得不被逆轉(zhuǎn)）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)時(shí)代帶來的工作模式的一些變化已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn)了”錯(cuò)誤，原文沒有提到已經(jīng)被逆轉(zhuǎn)；因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字daunting可以定位到第三段Thisseemsadauntingthought,but,infact,itcouldofferabetterfutureforwork.（這似乎是一個(gè)令人氣餒的想法，但事實(shí)上，它可以為工作提供一個(gè)更好的未來）由