考研考博-英語-四川工商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川工商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisspecialcommitteewasestablishedforwell-integratedmembersofthesocietyandnotfor（

）individuals.

問題1選項

A.marginal

B.minor

C.eccentric

D.distinctive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Marginal“邊緣的，臨界的，末端的”；minor“次要的”；eccentric“古怪的，反常的”；distinctive“獨(dú)特的，與眾不同的”。句意：特殊委員會是為了品行優(yōu)良的社會成員建立的，而不是為那些邊緣人士設(shè)立。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress

1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

問題1選項

A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP

B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness

C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

D.hadalowopinionofGDP

問題2選項

A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

B.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

C.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

問題3選項

A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator

B.Itissponsoredby163countries.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable

D.Itsresultareenlightening

問題4選項

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue

問題5選項

A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.Klesson

B.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”提到肯尼迪對于GDP的看法，他說一個國家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命變得有價值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是沒有意義的?？梢娝麑DP是持否定態(tài)度的。選項D符合題意。

2.文章第二段以英國為例來說明GDP數(shù)值好并不代表國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)好，也不代表國民的生活好，不然為什么會有那么多人支持脫歐（Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?）選項C“GDP作為衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在英國不被廣泛認(rèn)同”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion提到最近一項關(guān)于各國及其將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長轉(zhuǎn)化為福利的能力的年度研究揭示了這個問題。選項D符合題意，“結(jié)果具有啟發(fā)性”。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段再一次提到肯尼迪對GDP的看法，他指的是盡管國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是衡量各國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的最常用方法，但作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這已經(jīng)不夠了。它沒有把其他一些重要的因素比如環(huán)境質(zhì)量或教育成果包括進(jìn)來，由此可以推測選項C符合題意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考慮進(jìn)來”。

5.文章第一段通過肯尼迪對于GDP的消極觀點引出原文，并通過英國脫歐這個案例來引出考慮GDP這個評價機(jī)制的好壞。接下來通過英國的例子指出GDP好并不代表國家發(fā)展好。最后指出這是每一個發(fā)達(dá)國家需要得到的教訓(xùn)。選項A“英國的教訓(xùn)——高GDP，低幸?！狈项}意。

3.單選題

Lestanyone______itstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

問題1選項

A.thought

B.hadthought

C.shouldthink

D.thinking

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.thought認(rèn)為B.hadthought認(rèn)為

C.shouldthink認(rèn)為D.thinking認(rèn)為

【考查點】虛擬語氣。

【解題思路】lest表示“以免”，在這表示一種假設(shè)的情況，所以要用虛擬語氣shoulddo，故空格處要填入shouldthink，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合虛擬語氣用法。

【句意】以免有人大驚小怪，我在此證實事實屬實。

4.單選題

Itwouldbe（）tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

問題1選項

A.subtle

B.feeble

C.nasty

D.naive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subtle“微妙的，精細(xì)的”；feeble“微弱的，無力的”；nasty“骯臟的”；naive“天真的”。句意：以為那樣便可以解決這個領(lǐng)域所有問題真的是太天真了。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Hisbreakingoftherulessetadangerous（

）.

問題1選項

A.custom

B.precedent

C.practice

D.usage

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他違反了規(guī)則,開了一個危險的先例。

考查名詞辨析。Custom風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣,習(xí)性,經(jīng)常光顧;precedent實例,范例;先前出現(xiàn)的事例,前例,先例;practice練習(xí),實行,習(xí)慣;usage使用,用法,慣例。因此B符合句意。

6.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（

）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問題1選項

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。

句意：如果這種魚變得稀缺，未來的幾代人可能再也嘗不到它的味道了。選項D符合語境。

7.單選題

（）myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問題1選項

A.For

B.At

C.In

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來的時候”。

8.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockages(堵塞)thatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

問題1選項

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

問題3選項

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofbadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項

A.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtooneanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule(但是路上的禮貌問題正變得令人恐懼。你或許容忍粗魯且不顧別人的司機(jī)，但如今有禮貌的司機(jī)卻是規(guī)則的一個例外)。由此可知D項“司機(jī)的行為”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。該句意思為:你或許容忍粗魯且不顧別人的司機(jī)，但如今有禮貌的司機(jī)卻是規(guī)則的一個例外。以及前面一句指出:但是路上的禮貌問題正變得令人恐懼。由此可知，C項“如今不禮貌的司機(jī)構(gòu)成了司機(jī)中的大多數(shù)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。goodsense本意指“有理智”，可參考第二段:Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors(當(dāng)遭遇不文明的行為時，需要最冷靜且好脾氣的司機(jī)去抗拒報復(fù)的誘惑)。因此B項“司機(jī)去理解且合理地反應(yīng)的能力”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞car-ownershipexplosion定位至最后一段:Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers(多年前，專家們就警告過我們:汽車的持有率的激增會向所有道路使用者要求更多互讓)。由此可知A項“司機(jī)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備去相互讓步”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous(然而，不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌也可能是危險的)。由此可推測A項“司機(jī)應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂玫缆范Y貌”為正確選項。

9.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們面臨健康研究中的四大挑戰(zhàn)：道德價值、公平和美德、可持續(xù)的健康研究體系、良好的研究環(huán)境及知識的產(chǎn)生和應(yīng)用。為了應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，保健體系和健康研究體系兩者應(yīng)向一個學(xué)習(xí)和解決問題的模式推進(jìn)，把創(chuàng)新包括進(jìn)運(yùn)作之中，更好地把握未來發(fā)展的機(jī)遇。沒有效果明顯的錦囊妙計，沒有簡單的解決辦法，只是有許多事情要去學(xué)習(xí)。

【答案】Nowwearefacedwithfourkeychallengesforhealthresearch:valuesofethics,equityandexcellence,sustainablehealthresearchsystems,favorableresearchenvironment,andknowledgecreationandapplication.Tocopewithchallenge,healthsystemandhealthresearchsystemstogethershouldmoveintoalearningandproblem-solvingmode,integrateinnovationintotheiroperationsandbettermanageopportunitiesforfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Therearenoquickfixes,nosimplesolutionsandtherearealotofthingsremaintobelearnt.

10.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問題1選項

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文學(xué)的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直線的”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為直譯或者逐字的翻譯要比意譯簡單。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscents（）efficiencyandreducestress

amongofficeworkers.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.amplify

C.magnify

D.foster

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。enhance提高；amplify放大；magnify贊美，夸大；foster培養(yǎng)。句意：日本科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，香味能（）辦公室工作人員的工作效率并減緩壓力。因此A選項符合句意。

12.單選題

（）prohibitedinmanycountries.

問題1選項

A.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimals

B.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimalsis

C.Huntingcertainrareanimalsare

D.Huntingofcertainrareanimalsare

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。選A沒有謂語動詞可首先排除。根據(jù)句意：在許多國家,

捕獲稀有動物是被禁止的。這里指的是捕獲稀有動物這件事，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)，不能被前面的animals迷惑，所以本題選B。

13.單選題

Although（wornout）byyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonreluctantlyacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.favored

B.exhausted

C.honored

D.weakened

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。wornout表示“筋疲力盡，疲憊不堪”；A項favor“較喜歡，偏袒，有利于”，B項exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡”，C項honor“尊敬”，D項weaken“減少，使變?nèi)酰棺兊?。句意：盡管由于多年為國家服務(wù)而疲憊不堪，華盛頓還是不情愿地接受了美國總統(tǒng)的職位。因此，根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

14.翻譯題

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這是滿足人的生理和（在一定限度內(nèi)）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部門提供，也可以不提供。就業(yè)本身就是一種手段，工資、工作條件和福利也是如此。通過這些手段，只要一個人在為生存而掙扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【參考譯文】它可以創(chuàng)造這樣的條件，鼓勵并使他能夠為自己尋求這樣的滿足，也可以通過不創(chuàng)造這些條件來阻撓他。

3.【參考譯文】但是，通過滿足低層需求，管理者喪失了使用激勵器的能力，而傳統(tǒng)理論已將其作為獎勵、承諾、激勵或威脅以及其他強(qiáng)制性手段所依賴的手段。

4.【參考譯文】不管是硬還是軟，通過方向和控制進(jìn)行管理的哲學(xué)都無法激發(fā)人們的積極性，因為如今這種方法所依賴的人類需求已不再是行為的重要推動者。

5.【參考譯文】人們被剝奪了在工作中滿足現(xiàn)在對他們來說很重要的需求的機(jī)會，他們表現(xiàn)得恰如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，表現(xiàn)為懶惰、消極、抵制變革、缺乏責(zé)任感、樂于追隨煽動者、對經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的不合理要求。

15.單選題

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

問題1選項

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項remnants“殘余；殘留物”；B選項remedy“補(bǔ)救；解決辦法”；C選項remains“殘余物；剩飯菜”；D選項remainder“殘余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都離開了，……坐著等。remnants一般是指殘余部分、殘跡。remains一般是指古跡，遺跡；遺骸等。句中的主語是人，大部分都走了，還有一部分剩下的人坐著等。remainder做名詞時側(cè)重于人和錢的剩余。因此D選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

問題1選項

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.present禮物；禮品B.token象征；標(biāo)志

C.mark污點；污漬D.sign跡象；征兆

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交換了戒指）可推知，交換戒指是愛情的象征，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】在婚禮上，新郎和新娘交換了戒指作為他們愛情的象征。

17.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.

B.Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.

C.Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.

D.Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.

問題2選項

A.Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.

B.Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.

C.Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.

D.Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

問題3選項

A.Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.

B.Theydisruptedthenation’ssocialstability.

C.Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.

D.Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Whatisaradical?Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachedtothem.[16]Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,therebymaintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,andmoreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminoritywhoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinWesternsociety.Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen’smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofmanhatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife,whenfacedwithathreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycauseandconsequentlyparticipateintheirownoppression.Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofthestigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolledandintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower.Withoutfearonwhichtofeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.

Tome,[17]aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenorm,whatadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs.Oncloserinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyevolvingandthereforeisnotaconstantentity.Sowhy,then,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreatwhenthisstateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtheriseofthosewhodon’t.

Infact,whenwelookattheword“radical”inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals.Civilrightsactivistswereradicals.Eventhefoundersofourcountry,inthefighttowinindependencefromEngland,wereradicals.Theirpresenceinhistoryhaschangedthewayoursocietyfunctions,mainlybyshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted.Ofcourse,therearesomeradicalswho’vemadeanegativeimpactonhumanity,[18]butundeniably,therewouldsimplybenoprogresswithoutradicals.Thatbeingsaid,nexttimesomeonecallsmearadical,Iwillacceptthatlabelwithpride.

16.Whatusuallyhappenswhenpeopleareaccusedofbeingradical?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問被人指責(zé)太過激進(jìn)時，通常情況下會發(fā)生什么？錄音提到，指責(zé)某個人或某個組織太過激進(jìn)，常常能夠讓這個人或這個組織沉默、屈服，A選項“他們傾向于沉默并屈服”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)為自己辯護(hù)很難”，錄音中并沒有提及被指責(zé)者試圖為自己辯護(hù)，因此可排除；C選項“他們?yōu)樽约旱南蠕h身份感到自豪”和D選項“他們一定程度上感到受鼓舞”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

17.Whatisthespeaker’sdefinitionofaradical?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話人對“激進(jìn)分子”的定義是什么？錄音中提及說話人認(rèn)為“激進(jìn)分子”是反抗常規(guī)，提倡改變現(xiàn)狀的人。D選項中theexistingsocialorder是錄音thenorm的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此D選項“反抗現(xiàn)有社會秩序的人”正確。A選項“提倡暴力以促進(jìn)改變的人”，錄音中并未提及提倡暴力，因此不正確；B選項“追求無休止變化的人”，錄音中說的是事情本身是不穩(wěn)定的和無休止變化的，并沒有提及激進(jìn)分子追求無休止的變化，因此不正確；C選項“為受壓迫者的利益而行動的人”，錄音中只提到了oppression這個單詞，其他信息是沒有依據(jù)的，因此排除。

18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofmostradicalsintheAmericanhistory?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話人如何看待美國歷史上的大部分激進(jìn)分子？錄音中說話人指出：若沒有激進(jìn)者，就沒有進(jìn)步。C選項“他們是促進(jìn)社會進(jìn)步的力量”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“他們試圖通過暴力引發(fā)社會變革”；B選項“他們擾亂了國家的社會穩(wěn)定”和D選項“他們對人類的壞處大于好處”均屬于負(fù)面評價，與說話人的看法不符，因此不選。

18.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項tookafter“相像，效仿”；B選項tookin“吸收，領(lǐng)會，欺騙”；C選項tookon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；D選項tookover“接管，借用”。句意：當(dāng)杰克28歲時，他接管了這個小書店，在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，與之可以相對應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項tookover，意為接管了商店。因此D選項符合題意。

19.單選題

Ihavetrouble（）thistaskwithinthisweek.

問題1選項

A.infinishing

B.tofinish

C.forfinishing

D.onfinishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。havetroubleindoingsth做某事有麻煩。故A項正確。句意：我有困難在這周內(nèi)完成這項任務(wù)。

20.翻譯題

1.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.（PassageOne）

2.Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.（PassageTwo）

3.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers'attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.（PassageThree）

4.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.（PassageFour）

5.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（PassageFive）

【答案】1.《教孩子如何思考》一書講述了如何提高孩子的洞察力，透徹理解話語的含義以及探討話語的不同意圖。

2.想辦法獲得更多更好的睡眠是一個挑戰(zhàn)?？茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了80多種不同的睡眠障礙問題。有些睡眠障礙是遺傳的。但許多問題是由熬夜、頻繁地在不同時區(qū)之間旅行或夜間工作造成的。

3.然而，網(wǎng)上銷售也有風(fēng)險。由于有如此多的公司都爭著要吸引消費(fèi)者的注意力，價格競爭就會非常激烈，而利潤就會越來越少，甚至毫無利潤可言。

4.道路禮貌行為不僅指具備良好的行為舉止，同時也指具備良好的意識表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)遇到不文明行為時，需要駕駛員報紙最清醒的頭腦和很好的脾氣來控制住心中報復(fù)的念頭。

5.更不用說像談話這樣復(fù)雜的事情，現(xiàn)在最先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)正竭力地去認(rèn)識物體的形狀，而這是十個月大的孩子要完成的任務(wù)。

21.單選題

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

問題1選項

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項flexible“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”；B選項loose“寬松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C選項elastic“（物理上的）有彈性的；靈活的；易伸縮的”；D選項resourceful“資源豐富的；足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”。句意：把面團(tuán)揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有彈性，因此C選項正確。

22.單選題

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

問題1選項

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查點】不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

【解題思路】knowledge表示“知識，學(xué)問”時，是不可數(shù)名詞。所以knowledge要用原形，該題選擇D項。

【句意】科學(xué)技術(shù)是受過教育的人的知識的一部分。

23.單選題

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問題1選項

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知，這是一個倒裝句，正常的語序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項A符合題意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陸典型的草原動物。

24.單選題

Ifyouwantto（）apleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourhostcountry.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.restore

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。secure"保護(hù)，使安全"，securesb./sth.使某人或某物安全；ensure后面一般接sth.或that從句，指“確保”；assure"使相信，使確信"，assure后面一般接sb.指向某人保證；restore"歸還，修復(fù)"。句意：如果你想確保一次愉快的旅行，盡可能多地了解東道國的風(fēng)俗禮儀。所以選項B正確。

25.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

問題1選項

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

問題2選項

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

問題3選項

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

問題4選項

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

問題5選項

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（與說話嗓音有關(guān)的一些因素顯露出說話者的個性）。選項B“嗓音與個性的聯(lián)系”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconce