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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistory,andcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKen;alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

1.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto(

).

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

).

3.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

).

4.InParagraph5,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

).

5.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatetha(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant

B.checksuspects5phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

C.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents

D.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tolerance

B.indifference

C.disapproval

D.cautiousness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gettingintoone'sresidence

B.handingone’shistoricalrecords

C.scanningone’scorrespondences

D.goingthroughone’swallet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed

B.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction

C.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation

D.citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly

B.NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

C.California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution

D.PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtere

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest(美國最高法院現(xiàn)在將會(huì)考慮警察在沒有搜查證的情況下是否可以對(duì)被逮捕人員手邊的手機(jī)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行搜查),由此可知B項(xiàng)“在沒有授權(quán)的情況下檢查嫌疑犯的手機(jī)內(nèi)容”正確。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第四段指出:TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse(他們(即法官們)應(yīng)該從拋棄加州站不住腳的論點(diǎn)(即例如仔細(xì)查閱有著大量數(shù)字信息的智能手機(jī)內(nèi)容與仔細(xì)檢查嫌疑犯的錢包類似)開始),由此可推知作者對(duì)加州論點(diǎn)是不贊成的,故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞exploringone’sphonecontent定位至第四段中:Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome(但是仔細(xì)查閱一個(gè)人的手機(jī)更像進(jìn)入他或她的住宅)。因此A項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入—個(gè)人的住宅”正確。

4.判斷推理題。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(顛覆性的新技術(shù)有時(shí)要求憲法保護(hù)的新應(yīng)用)。...theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.……(現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該解決第四條修正案如何適用于數(shù)字信息)。因此D項(xiàng)“公民的隱私?jīng)]有有效地被保護(hù)”正確。

5.判斷推理題。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(顛覆性的新技術(shù)有時(shí)要求憲法保護(hù)的新應(yīng)用),由此可推知B項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)要求重新解釋憲法”正確。

2.單選題

Theyear1995washeraldedasthebeginningofthe“NewEconomy.”Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.Itwasn’tthatwedidn’trecognizethatsomethingchanged.Itwasthatwerecognizedthattheoldeconomicslensremainedusefulforlookingatthechangestakingplace.Theeconomicsofthe“NewEconomy”couldbedescribedatahighlevel:Digitaltechnologywouldcauseareductioninthecostofsearchandcommunication.Thiswouldleadtomoresearch,morecommunication,andmoreactivitiesthatgotogetherwithsearchandcommunication.That’sessentiallywhathappened.

Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.Butonceagain,aseconomists,webelievesomesimplerulesapply.Technologicalrevolutionstendtoinvolvesomeimportantactivitybecomingcheap,likethecostofcommunicationorfindinginformation.Machineintelligenceis,initsessence,apredictiontechnology,sotheeconomicshiftwillcenteraroundadropinthecostofprediction.

Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.Thismattersbecausepredictionisaninputtoahostofactivitiesincludingtransportation,agriculture,healthcare,energymanufacturing,andretail.

Whenthecostofanyinputfallssoprecipitously,therearetwootherwell-establishedeconomicimplications.First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.

Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.Forexample,withthetechnologicaladvanceinsemiconductors,thecostofcalculationdroppedsignificantly,soactivitiesforwhicharithmeticwasakeyinputbecamemuchcheaper.Consequently,inphotography,weshiftedfromafilm-oriented,chemistry-basedapproachtoadigital-oriented,arithmetic-basedapproach.

Whenthecostofafoundationalinputplummets,itoftenaffectsthevalueofotherinputs.Thevaluegoesupforcomplementsanddownforsubstitutes.Inthecaseofphotography,thevalueofthehardwareandsoftwarecomponentsassociatedwithdigitalcameraswentupasthecostofarithmeticdroppedbecausedemandincreased—wewantedmoreofthem.Thesecomponentswerecomplementstoarithmetic;theywereusedtogether.Incontrast,thevalueoffilm—relatedchemicalsfell—wewantedlessofthem.

Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecreasebecausemachinepredictionwillprovideacheaperandbettersubstituteforhumanprediction,justasmachinesdidforarithmetic.However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.That’sbecausethevalueofhumanjudgmentskillswillincrease.Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.We’llwantmorehumanjudgment.

Forexample,whenpredictionischeap,diagnosiswillbemorefrequentandconvenient,andthuswe’lldetectmanymoreearly-stage,treatableconditions.Thiswillmeanmoredecisionswillbemadeaboutmedicaltreatment,whichmeansgreaterdemandfortheapplicationofethics,andforemotionalsupport,whichareprovidedbyhumans.Thelinebetweenjudgmentandpredictionisn’tclearcut—somejudgmenttaskswillevenbereframedasaseriesofpredictions.Yet,overallthevalueofprediction-relatedhumanskillswillfall,andthevalueofjudgment-relatedskillswillrise.

56.Thehighlightedword“hype”inParagraph2maybebestinterpretedas______.

57.Accordingtotheconsequencesofmachineintelligence,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

58.InParagraph5,theauthormentionssemiconductorinorderto______.

59.Theinfluenceofmachineintelligenceuponhumanactivitiesisthat______.

60.Themostsuitabletitleforthismessageforthispassageis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carnival

B.exaggeration

C.leap

D.ecstasy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofproductsandservicesbasedonpredictionwillbereduced.

B.Somenewtaskswillbereframedaspredictionproblems.

C.Pricesofcomplementsthathelppredictionwillrise.

D.Thevalueofhumanjudgmentwilldecrease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthattechnologyhasmademajorprogressinthearithmeticarea

B.explainwhyfilmphotographyisreplacedbydigitalphotography

C.illustratethattechnologicaladvanceswillreduceproductcosts

D.provethatthepricesofcomplementswillincrease

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecostofhumanpredictionwillincrease

B.humanjudgmentwillbecomemorevaluable

C.machineintelligencewillreplacehumanjobs

D.peoplewillmakemoredecisionsonmedicaltreatment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomiceffectsofmachineintelligence

B.Machineintelligencevshumanprediction

C.Costreductionindigitaltechnology

D.Advancesinmachineintelligence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】56.語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段中黑體字‘hype’一詞最好解釋為……”。文章第一段有提到hype這個(gè)單詞,Digitalcommunicationwassettoupendmarketsandchangeeverything.Buteconomistsbyandlargedidn’tbuyintothehype.(數(shù)字通信注定要顛覆市場,改變一切,但總的來說,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并不接受這種炒作);hype的本義是炒作,在這里是指前一句內(nèi)容過于“夸張,言過其實(shí)”;由此推斷第二段第一句Todayweareseeingsimilarhypeaboutmachineintelligence.(今天,我們看到了關(guān)于機(jī)器智能的類似炒作)中的hype也是同樣表示“夸張”的意思,所以B項(xiàng)“夸張”正確。A項(xiàng)“狂歡”、C項(xiàng)“飛躍”和D項(xiàng)“狂喜”都不符合語境。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

57.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)機(jī)器智能的影響,下面哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的?”。根據(jù)第三段第一句話Thefirsteffectofmachineintelligencewillbetolowerthecostofgoodsandservicesthatrelyonprediction.(機(jī)器智能的第一個(gè)作用將是降低依賴預(yù)測的商品和服務(wù)的成本)可知,基于預(yù)測的商品和服務(wù)成本會(huì)降低,故A項(xiàng)“基于預(yù)測的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)成本將會(huì)降低”符合原文;從第四段第二句First,wewillstartusingpredictiontoperformtaskswherewepreviouslydidn’t.(首先,我們將開始使用預(yù)測來執(zhí)行以前沒有執(zhí)行的任務(wù))可知,一些任務(wù)將被重新預(yù)測,B項(xiàng)“一些新的任務(wù)將被重新作為預(yù)測問題”正確;第四段第三句指出Second,thevalueofotherthingsthatcomplementpredictionwillrise.(其次,補(bǔ)充預(yù)測的其他東西的價(jià)值將會(huì)上升),可知C項(xiàng)“幫助預(yù)測的附加品價(jià)格將上升”也正確;D項(xiàng)“人類判斷的價(jià)值將會(huì)降低”不屬于機(jī)器智能的影響。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

58.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在第五段中,作者提到半導(dǎo)體是為了……”。第五段第一句提到Asmachineintelligencelowersthecostofprediction,wewillbegintouseitasaninputforthingsforwhichweneverpreviouslydid.(隨著機(jī)器智能降低了預(yù)測的成本,我們將開始把它作為一種輸入,用于我們以前從未做過的事情),接著就引出了半導(dǎo)體發(fā)展所帶來的攝影方面的變革這一例證,由此可推斷,技術(shù)的進(jìn)步降低了產(chǎn)品的成本;C項(xiàng)“說明技術(shù)進(jìn)步會(huì)降低產(chǎn)品成本”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“表明技術(shù)在算術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得了重大進(jìn)步”和B項(xiàng)“解釋為什么膠片攝影被數(shù)碼攝影取代”是細(xì)節(jié)描述和舉例說明,不是引出半導(dǎo)體真正的目的;D項(xiàng)“證明附加品的價(jià)格將會(huì)增加”這是產(chǎn)品成本下降后的影響,不屬于提及半導(dǎo)體的原因。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

59.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“機(jī)器智能對(duì)人類活動(dòng)的影響是……”。第七段第一句指出Asmachineintelligenceimproves,thevalueofhumanpredictionskillswilldecrease(隨著機(jī)器智能的提高,人類預(yù)測技能的價(jià)值將會(huì)下降),結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二句Usingthelanguageofeconomics,judgmentisacomplementtopredictionandthereforewhenthecostofpredictionfallsdemandforjudgmentrises.(用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的語言來說,判斷是預(yù)測的補(bǔ)充,因此,當(dāng)預(yù)測的成本下降時(shí),判斷的價(jià)值就會(huì)上升)可知,人類預(yù)測技能價(jià)值下降,判斷價(jià)值會(huì)增加,所以B項(xiàng)“人類的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”正確。A項(xiàng)“人類預(yù)測的成本將會(huì)增加”,如果預(yù)測成本增加,那么判斷價(jià)值就會(huì)下降,這與原文不符;第七段第二句提到However,thisdoesnotspelldoomforhumanjobs,asmanyexpertssuggest.(然而,這并不像許多專家所說的那樣意味著人類工作的末日)可以推斷,機(jī)器智能并不能完全取代人類的工作,所以C項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能將取代人類的工作”錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“人們將在醫(yī)療上做出更多的決定”這只是用來對(duì)“人類的判斷將變得更有價(jià)值”而進(jìn)行的例證。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。通讀全文,文章第一段提出了數(shù)字技術(shù)在“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”中帶來的影響,第二段引出智能機(jī)器,接著就詳細(xì)分析了機(jī)器智能對(duì)于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以及人類活動(dòng)的影響,因此可以判斷A項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能vs人類預(yù)測”、C項(xiàng)“數(shù)字技術(shù)的成本降低”和D項(xiàng)“機(jī)器智能的進(jìn)展”都只是在某個(gè)段落提及,不夠全面表達(dá)文章的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resemble“類似”;B選項(xiàng)share“共用”;C選項(xiàng)contrast“對(duì)比;對(duì)照;顯出明顯的差異”;D選項(xiàng)differ“不同”。句意:人類交流研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征。這里是說動(dòng)物和人類有許多共同的特征,由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查非限定性定語從句。A選項(xiàng)“what”以及B選項(xiàng)“that”不能引導(dǎo)非限定制性定語從句,故排除A,B選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D“ones”只能作為代詞,不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,故排除。因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.考查上下文語義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumed“假設(shè);(承擔(dān))責(zé)任”;B選項(xiàng)guessed“猜想”;C選項(xiàng)justified“調(diào)整;證明……正當(dāng)”;D選項(xiàng)reasoned“說服”。上文說到研究者對(duì)動(dòng)物交流的研究就在我們理解人類交流方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用,可推測此處應(yīng)填研究者的推論,B選項(xiàng)guess指的是毫無根據(jù)僅憑個(gè)人主觀臆斷,可排除,由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)animal’s“動(dòng)物,動(dòng)物世界;牲畜”;B選項(xiàng)humane“仁慈的,人道的;高尚的”;C選項(xiàng)humanity“人道;仁慈;人文學(xué)科”;D選項(xiàng)human“人類”。中文翻譯為:我們猜想我們是獨(dú)一無二的人類,判斷出此處D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bond“紐帶”;B選項(xiàng)ties“結(jié)”;C選項(xiàng)affection“喜愛,感情;影響;感染”;D選項(xiàng)joint“關(guān)節(jié);接縫”。句意:松鼠猴的母親和嬰兒之間的紐帶就像人類一樣。判斷出A項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simulated“模擬的;模仿的;仿造的”;B選項(xiàng)located“處于,位于;坐落的”;C選項(xiàng)situated“位于……的;處于……境遇的”;D選項(xiàng)detected“檢測到的”。根據(jù)下文,themothercanfindherchild(媽媽能找到她的孩子)??芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Inthisway“這樣;用這種方法”;B選項(xiàng)Thus“因此;從而;這樣;如此”;C選項(xiàng)Becauseofthis“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)”;D選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”。由上文“當(dāng)嬰兒與母親分開時(shí),他們會(huì)發(fā)出響亮的、容易定位的、單獨(dú)可識(shí)別的聲音”的這種方式,可推測A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)supply“供給,提供;補(bǔ)充”;B選項(xiàng)help“幫助”;C選項(xiàng)get“使得;獲得;受到;變成”;D選項(xiàng)serve“招待,供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”,D選項(xiàng)“serve”所提供的服務(wù)是虛擬的,A選項(xiàng)“supply”所提供的服務(wù)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Conversely“相反地”;B選項(xiàng)Likely“很可能;或許”;C選項(xiàng)Likewise“同樣地;也”;D選項(xiàng)Comparatively“比較地;相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。?lián)系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.(松鼠猴媽媽有自己的媽媽語),可知C項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altered“改變,改動(dòng),修改”;B選項(xiàng)modified“修改;更改”;C選項(xiàng)revised“修改;校訂;復(fù)習(xí)”;D選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng),改編”。根據(jù)上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”(松鼠猴媽媽也有自己的媽媽語),下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.(以便與嬰兒交流),B選項(xiàng)modified強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)小的變化,常含“緩和”的意味,可排除,D選項(xiàng)adapted(適應(yīng),改編)符合題意,D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstances

B.environment

C.surroundings

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。circumstance意為“環(huán)境,境遇”,往往指人力無法控制、駕馭的事件和事態(tài)的總和;environment意為“環(huán)境,外界”,指對(duì)人的成長、情感、觀念、倫理、道德、品行等產(chǎn)生影響的環(huán)境;surrounding意為“環(huán)境,周圍的事物”,偏重于生活、居住的周圍環(huán)境;space意為“(可利用的)空地,空間”。

句意:很快就清楚了,室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師最重要的基本關(guān)注點(diǎn)是某一特定空間的功能。

5.單選題

Theradioprogramwaspresented()ajointventurewhichwasregisteredseveralmonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bycourtesyof

B.onaccountof

C.byvirtueof

D.intermsof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:bycourtesyof“蒙……的好意;蒙……提供”;B:onaccountof“由于;基于”;C:byvirtueof“憑借……的力量”;D:intermsof“根據(jù);用……的話;就……而言”。句意:承蒙數(shù)月前注冊(cè)的合資企業(yè)惠允,電臺(tái)節(jié)目播出了。根據(jù)語境和句意可知A為正確答案。

6.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計(jì)B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計(jì)D.encountered遇到

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上,2050年是一個(gè)未來的年份,這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的,C選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)devised“設(shè)計(jì)”,美國的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的,不存在說被設(shè)計(jì)成多少;

B選項(xiàng)thrust“用力推”,不符合原句邏輯;

D選項(xiàng)encountered“遇到”,不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】預(yù)計(jì)到2050年,美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。

7.單選題

Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe()oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.climax

B.pitch

C.summit

D.maximum

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)climax“高潮,頂點(diǎn),層進(jìn)法,極點(diǎn)”,多指戲劇等的高潮,也指事物發(fā)展中的極點(diǎn),多含其后由盛而衰的意味;B選項(xiàng)pitch“運(yùn)動(dòng)場地,程度,音高,瀝青,投球”;C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn),最高級(jí)會(huì)議,最高階層”,書面用詞,指山的最頂部分,也指通過努力可以達(dá)到的最高水平,還指最重要的、國家間的首腦最高級(jí)會(huì)談;D選項(xiàng)maximum“極大,最大限度,最大量”。句意:他們認(rèn)為這并不是他們爭取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰,而僅僅是一個(gè)開始。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Afriendshipmaybe(),casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.superficial

C.critical

D.original

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。identical同一的,完全相同的;superficial表面的,膚淺的;critical批判的,愛挑剔的;original原始的,最初的。句意:友誼可以是、隨意的、情境性的,也可以是深刻而持久的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處的詞應(yīng)與deep和lasting意義相反,且與casual和situational意義相似,選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

9.單選題

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blame責(zé)怪,指責(zé)B.dedicate奉獻(xiàn),投身

C.attribute歸因,歸于D.conclude推定,得出結(jié)論

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“failure(失?。睒?gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯,表示他們不得不怎么樣自己的失敗,并且要能夠和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation(準(zhǔn)備不足)”可知,這是他們失敗的原因,所以空格處應(yīng)該是表達(dá)將失敗的原因歸于準(zhǔn)備不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配,意為“把……歸因于,認(rèn)為……是由于”,因此C選項(xiàng)attribute“歸因,歸于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)blame“責(zé)怪,指責(zé)”,blamesth.onsth.指將不好的事歸罪、歸咎于某事物,不能和to進(jìn)行搭配;

B選項(xiàng)dedicate“奉獻(xiàn),投身”,dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活動(dòng)或目標(biāo)上投入大量的時(shí)間和精力,不能和“failure(失敗)”進(jìn)行搭配;

D選項(xiàng)conclude“推定,得出結(jié)論”指根據(jù)所見所聞做出決定或相信某事,不能和to進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】他們不得不把失敗歸咎于準(zhǔn)備不足。

10.單選題

Anewtechnique(),theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)已經(jīng)解決,所以,整體的產(chǎn)量增長了20%。

語法題??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整,因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此外,anewtechnique和workout之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此,此處應(yīng)該是過去分詞做狀語。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Iffacedandaccepted,failurecontributespersonalgrowthandoftenleadstoimprovedpersonalrelationships.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facedandaccepted

B.contributes

C.leadsto

D.improved

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞用法。to是不定式,后面的動(dòng)詞一般都要跟動(dòng)詞原形,而句子中的improved是過去分詞形式,并且leadtodosth.是固定用法。句意:如果面對(duì)并接受失敗,失敗有助于個(gè)人成長,并常常導(dǎo)致改善人際關(guān)系。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Usingmanysymbolsmake()toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.itispossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】B

【解析】語法知識(shí)。it做形式賓語,后面用動(dòng)詞不定式todo接真正的賓語。句意:用大量的符號(hào)把大量的信息放在一張圖上成為可能。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.翻譯題

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常確定,如果蘋果公司沒有開除我的話,這一切不會(huì)發(fā)生。這貼藥很苦,但我認(rèn)為病人需要它。有時(shí)候,生活會(huì)用磚頭敲你的腦袋。不要失去信心。我確信唯一讓我不斷前進(jìn)的就是我喜歡我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜愛的東西,對(duì)于工作是如此,對(duì)于你的愛人也是一樣。你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大部分,唯一能使你滿意的方法便是做你認(rèn)為偉大的工作,而做偉大工作的唯一方法便是去喜愛你做的事情。如果你還沒有找到你喜歡的事情,繼續(xù)尋找,不要停下來。只要你全心全意去找,當(dāng)你找到時(shí),你就會(huì)知道的。就像其他任何真誠的感情一樣,隨著歲月的流逝,這種關(guān)系只會(huì)越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)尋找,不要停下來。

14.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswersheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.having→/

schoolsubjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

HealthatEverySize(HAES)isalifestylethatencourageshealtheatingand

1.______

enjoyablephysicalactivityasawaytofeelbetterandlivelonger.Unlikeother

programs,itdoesnotbelieveweightlossthroughdietingisthewaybecoming

2.______

healthy.Scientificevidencesupportsthisidea.Inastudybyresearchersatthe

U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,78obesewomenwereplaceintoneitherthe

3.______

HAESprogramoratraditionalweight-lossprogram.Womenintheweight-loss

programwereconstructedtoeatless,countcalories,andexercisemore.

4.______

TheHAESgroupwasencouragedtoeatwhentheywerehungryandtoappreciate

thefeelingoffull,tomakehealthyfoodchoices,andtofindastyleofphysical

5.______

activitythatwasmostenjoyableforthem.Theywerenotgivenalistof“forbidding

6.______

foods”,norweretheytoldtoexercisetoloseweight.Theywerealsogiventechniques

toincreasetheirself-esteemandtoincreasetheconfidencetheyhadintheirbodies.

7.______

Aftertwoyears,bothgroupsweightedapproximatelythesame.Thewomeninthe

8.______

weight-lossgrouplostsomeweightaftersixmonths,butgaineditaftertwoyears.

9.______

ThewomenintheHAESgrouphadhealthierbloodpressure,lowercholesterol,and

weremorephysicallyactivethanthedietinggroup.

LindaBaconsaid:“PeoplewholivebyHAESideastendtofeelbetterabout

themselves,andthatcanleadtobetterhealth,too,withfewerstress.”

10.______

【答案】1.health→healthy

2.∧becoming→of

3.neither→either

4.constructed→instructed

5.full→fullness

6.forbidding→forbidden

7.increase→build

8.weighted→weighed

9.gained→regained

10.fewer→less

【解析】1.考查詞性的正確使用。根據(jù)句子encourageshealtheatingandenjoyablephysicalactivity可知,eating前面的health做定語修飾eating,但是health是名詞,所以應(yīng)該改為它的形容詞形式healthy。

2.考查固定搭配。way后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)介詞of構(gòu)成介詞短語作way的后置定語;wayof表示“……的方式”。

3.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)該句中的or可知,either…or…固定搭配,表示“要么……要么……”,故將neither改為either。

4.考查動(dòng)詞的正確使用。根據(jù)句子Womenintheweight-lossprogramwereconstructedtoeatless,countcalories,andexercisemore,可知句意為:在減肥計(jì)劃中,女性被要求吃得更少,計(jì)算卡路里,鍛煉得更多。construct表示“建造,構(gòu)造”,這不符合語境,因此改為instruct“指示,命令”更符合語境。

5.考查詞性的正確使用。從thefeelingoffull可知,of后面應(yīng)該跟名詞,full是形容詞,表示“完整的,滿的”,故應(yīng)將full改為名詞fullness,在句中表示“飽腹”。

6.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用。根據(jù)上下文可知forbiddingfoods表示“被禁止的食物”,即foods和動(dòng)詞forbid是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,因此現(xiàn)在分詞forbidding應(yīng)該改為過去分詞forbidden。

7.考查動(dòng)詞的正確使用。動(dòng)詞increase“提高”和賓語self-esteem“自尊”在邏輯上不搭配,所以應(yīng)該把increase改為build,表示“建立自尊”。

8.考查動(dòng)詞的正確使用。根據(jù)句子Aftertwoyears,bothgroupsweightedapproximatelythesame,可知句意為:兩年后,兩組的重量大致相同。weighted是weight的過去式,表示“加重于,使變重”;根據(jù)語境應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞weigh,表示“重量為”。

9.考查動(dòng)詞的正確使用。根據(jù)句子Thewomenintheweight-lossgrouplostsomeweightaftersixmonths,butgaineditaftertwoyears,可知句意為:減肥組的女性在六個(gè)月后減輕了一些體重,但在兩年后體重增加了。結(jié)合語境,應(yīng)該是表示“在兩年后體重又再次增加”,所以應(yīng)該把gained改為regained。

10.考查形容詞的正確使用。stress是不可數(shù)名詞,fewer是修飾可數(shù)名詞的,所以應(yīng)該將fewer改為less。

15.單選題

Beforetheconferencebegan,Chairmanmadeafew______remarks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparatory

B.preventive

C.preliminary

D.provocative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)preparatory“預(yù)備的”,B項(xiàng)preventive“預(yù)防性的,防備的”,C項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的,開始的”,D項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的,挑撥的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Beforetheconferencebegan“在會(huì)議開始前”可知,空格部分填入C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:會(huì)議開始前,主席說了幾句開場白。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞obediently意為“順從地;服從地;忠順地”;A選項(xiàng)“currently”意為“當(dāng)前;一般地”;B選項(xiàng)“intricately”意為“雜亂地;復(fù)雜地”;C選項(xiàng)“dutifully”意為“忠實(shí)地;盡責(zé)地,忠誠地”;D選項(xiàng)“distinctly”意為“明顯地;無疑地,確實(shí)地”。句意:當(dāng)?shù)剀婈?duì)的責(zé)任之一是確保所有船只在繁忙的港口順從地遵守交通規(guī)則。由題干可知,followtrafficsrules(遵守交通規(guī)則),所以軍隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該是確保船只忠實(shí)、順從地遵循交通規(guī)則,以免出現(xiàn)混亂。由此可知,obediently在此處最可能是“順從地”的意思,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dutifully具有“忠實(shí)地”的意思,與此相近。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Theyhave()herunreasonablerequestforherannualsalary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destined

B.chorded

C.repelled

D.commenced

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。destined指定,命定,注定;chorded弦,合音,和弦;repelled擊退,抵制;commenced開始。句意:他們了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C項(xiàng)在此處比較合適,意思是“回絕了”。

18.單選題

Fredtriedtogettothedoorbutthetablewas(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaway

B.ontheway

C.intheway

D.bytheway

【答案】C

【解析】句意:Fred打算到門口去,但桌子擋住了路。

考查短語辨析。inaway在某種程度上;ontheway在…途中;intheway妨礙,擋道;bytheway附帶說一句。故C符合句意。

19.單選題

Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intercepted

B.detested

C.saturated

D.wafted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intercepted攔截;中途阻止B.detested厭惡,憎恨

C.saturated滲透;飽和D.wafted飄過,飄蕩;吹拂

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由breeze(微風(fēng))可知,Thescentsoftheflowers(花的香味)是被風(fēng)吹過來的,因此D項(xiàng)詞義最符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】微風(fēng)向我們吹來了花香。

20.單選題

Thetestimoniesofthewitnessesprovided______proofthatmyclientisinnocent;Idemandthathebereleasedatonce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invalid

B.incredulous

C.irrefragable

D.impotent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)invalid表示“(法律上或官方)不承認(rèn)的,無效的”,B項(xiàng)incredulous表示“懷疑的,不輕信的”,C項(xiàng)irrefragable表示“不能反駁的,不能否認(rèn)的”,D項(xiàng)impotent表示“無能為力的,不起作用的”。根據(jù)myclientisinnocent(我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的)可知,______proof表示“無可辯駁的證據(jù)”符合語境。句意:證人的證詞提供了無可辯駁的證據(jù),證明我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的;我要求立即釋放他。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevel

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