考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

It’sinyourbest（）toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.

問題1選項

A.sake

B.benefit

C.advantage

D.interest

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒煙對你最有利，因為你有一些呼吸問題。beinsb’s(best)interest(s)(todosth)=bethebestthingforsomeone，因此D選項正確。

2.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國歷史，幾乎總是至少會有一個經(jīng)濟中心的故事，讓雄心勃勃或不滿足的人有理由收拾行囊，到別處去尋找機遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右，這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的：讓移民先到大陸，然后再到邊疆開辟草原，排干濕地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒有新的土地可以征服，這個精力充沛、富有進取精神的國家將會怎樣？有些人，比如泰迪?羅斯福，決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地)，但最終，在工業(yè)化的進程中，美國在國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟流動的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大，可以為各個階層的工人提供工作，從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天，我們經(jīng)濟中為數(shù)不多的亮點相對較小(盡管一些亮點未來可能會增長)，而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說一下，你不需要成為下一個Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要計算機科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過一兩年。這個新興的擇業(yè)市場是全國性的，它為流動階層的成員提供了有競爭力的薪資和更高的議價權(quán)力。

5.他稱，盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專業(yè)是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識來接受評判。為了在全國范圍內(nèi)競爭工作崗位，他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能，無論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

3.單選題

Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.

問題1選項

A.respect...crucial

B.dismissal...simplistic

C.skepticism...unfathomable

D.opposition...indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析和形容詞詞義辨析。respect“尊敬，尊重”；crucial“重要的,決定性的”；dismissal“解雇，免職”；simplistic“過分簡單化的，過分單純化的”；skepticism“懷疑論，懷疑的態(tài)度”；unfathomable“深不可測的，無底的”；opposition“反對，反對派”；indisputable“不容置疑的，不可爭辯的”。句意：令科學(xué)家困惑的是，盡管他的理論被一致認為是不容置疑的，但是還是遭到了反對。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.（2）theywerenotenough.Something（3）wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen（4）individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew（5）ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho（6）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolution（7）frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere（8）inventorsthanscientists.Amanwhoisa（9）scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearch（10）.Heisnotnecessarilyworking（11）thathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninvestororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis（12）tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcrete（13）.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheories（14）scienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina（15）result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof（16）otherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho（17）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinvestors.Eventhosewhohad（18）ornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions（19）aground-workhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyears（20）.

問題1選項

A.cases

B.reasons

C.factors

D.situations

問題2選項

A.But

B.And

C.Besides

D.Even

問題3選項

A.else

B.near

C.extra

D.similar

問題4選項

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問題5選項

A.origins

B.sources

C.bases

D.discoveries

問題6選項

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問題7選項

A.came

B.arrived

C.stemmed

D.appeared

問題8選項

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問題9選項

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問題10選項

A.happily

B.occasionally

C.reluctantly

D.accurately

問題11選項

A.now

B.and

C.all

D.so

問題12選項

A.seldom

B.sometimes

C.usually

D.never

問題13選項

A.plan

B.use

C.idea

D.means

問題14選項

A.of

B.with

C.to

D.as

問題15選項

A.single

B.sole

C.specialized

D.specific

問題16選項

A.few

B.those

C.many

D.all

問題17選項

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問題18選項

A.little

B.much

C.some

D.any

問題19選項

A.as

B.if

C.because

D.while

問題20選項

A.ago

B.past

C.ahead

D.before

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）名詞辨析題。case事例,案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形勢,狀況。根據(jù)原文上述條件是使英國成為工業(yè)革命中心的重要因素。

（2）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)上下文：上述條件是使英國成為工業(yè)革命中心的重要因素。但是這些遠遠不夠，此處應(yīng)該填入表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，所以選項A正確。

（3）形容詞辨析題。else意為“其他,別的”；extra意為“額外的,外加的”。文中表達的是“也需要其他條件”,而不是“額外條件”,所以選A。

（4）形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)下一句,他們能夠發(fā)明機器,說明人類是具有創(chuàng)造性的個體,選項D正確。

（5）名詞辨析題。origin“起因,由來”；sources“來源,根源”；base“基礎(chǔ)”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)原文,找到新的權(quán)力來源符合邏輯。

（6）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上句的“inventmachines”以及下文的“inventors”可知這里應(yīng)選create。句意：這些人發(fā)明了工業(yè)革命的機器。選項B正確。

（7）動詞辨析題。comefrom“出自,來自”,與后面background搭配,意為“出于……背景”。stemfrom意為“起源于”；選項B、C不與from搭配。所以選項A正確。

（8）考查固定搭配。more…than…是固定搭配,意為“與其說……不如……”。句意：“與其說他們是科學(xué)家,不如說是發(fā)明家”。

（9）形容詞辨析題。genuine“真正的”,practical“實際的”,pure“純粹的,單純的”,clever“聰明的”。句意：“一個純粹的科學(xué)家主要致力于精確地進行科學(xué)研究。”

（10）副詞辨析題。happily快樂地；occasionally間或,偶爾；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精確地。原文指科學(xué)家致力于精確地進行科學(xué)研究。選項D符合原文。

（11）考查固定搭配。sothat是固定搭配,表目的。原文指：他并不一定是為了利用他的發(fā)現(xiàn)而工作。所以選項D正確。

（12）副詞辨析題。句意:“一個投資者或熱衷于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的人通常試圖創(chuàng)造有使用價值的東西。”選項C符合原文。

（13）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)下文“solveaproblembyusingthetheories”可推測，這里指：做一些實用的東西，所以選項B正確。

（14）介詞辨析題。theoriesofscience指“科學(xué)的理論”。句意：他可能試圖用科學(xué)的理論或通過反復(fù)試驗來解決問題。選項A符合句意。

（15）形容詞辨析題。single“單獨的,一個人”；sole“獨有的,單一的”；specialized“專門的”;specific“明確的”。根據(jù)句意：“他為了明確的結(jié)果而工作”。選項D正確。

（16）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)原文句意：他為了明確的結(jié)果而工作，收割機的建設(shè)，燈泡的燃燒，或許多其他目的之一。這里指“許多其他目的中的一個”。所以選項C符合原文。

（17）動詞辨析題。develop除了發(fā)展,還有“研制、開發(fā)”的意思,句意：工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明機器的大多數(shù)人都是發(fā)明家，而不是訓(xùn)練有素的科學(xué)家。選項B符合原文。

（18）上下文推斷題。根據(jù)下文的“notraining”可知填空處也應(yīng)該填入否定意義的詞,只有l(wèi)ittle符合題意。

（19）考查邏輯連接詞。句意：“沒有科學(xué)家早年打下的基礎(chǔ),那些在科學(xué)上接受過很少或沒有接受過教育的人就不可能有所發(fā)明創(chuàng)造”。if“如果,假使”符合原文,表示虛擬。

（20）副詞辨析題。ago只與一般過去時連用,表示從現(xiàn)在角度看過去的某一時間；before用于過去完成時,表示過去某個時間以前發(fā)生的動作。這里指多年以前，且時態(tài)為過去完成時，所以選項D正確。

5.單選題

HeisconsideredtobeanoutstandingartistbutIconsiderhisworktobequite（

）.

問題1選項

A.mediocre

B.medium

C.moderate

D.intermediate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mediocre意為“普通的”；medium意為“中等的，中級的”；moderate意為“有節(jié)制的”；intermediate意為“中間的，中級的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再根據(jù)outstanding（杰出的）可知選A。

句意：他被認為是一位杰出的藝術(shù)家，但我認為他的作品十分普通。

6.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國人談及英語的優(yōu)點時，幾乎總是一開始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大，英語的詞匯比任何其他語言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而，吸引外國人的并不是詞匯量大，相反，浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國人的是英語簡練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞，但我們卻更多地使用短語，少用長詞。而且，我們總是努力把長詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion，現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun；昨天還是gasoline，今天已成為gas。歐洲沒有任何一種其他語言有這么多由三個字母構(gòu)成的單詞，也沒有如此多由四個單詞構(gòu)成的語言?！癋irstcomes,firstserved（先到先供應(yīng)）”便是典型的英語，因為它一目了然、樸實無華、短小精悍。

7.單選題

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

問題1選項

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：這些士兵的（）是保衛(wèi)城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)句意答案選A；關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中職能作狀語，不能作主語，所以C選項錯誤；介詞+whom/which在定語從句中一般作狀語，D選項不符語法，B選項不符題意。而且responsibility一般不與in搭配。

8.單選題

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists?or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof￡768monrevenuesof￡2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

問題2選項

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

問題3選項

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

問題4選項

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

問題5選項

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

問題6選項

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

問題7選項

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

問題8選項

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

問題9選項

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思為“文章B開始的段落似乎為了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人們普遍認為,在過去一個世紀或更多時間調(diào)停這個交換（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成為該調(diào)停的障礙?？芍狟項“商業(yè)出版商正越來越被看成是科學(xué)的消極因素”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，僅次于比爾和梅林達蓋茨基金會，作去世界上第二大慈善科研資金來源的英國維康信托基金會，也堅持要求那些接受它支持的對象必須公開科研成果)。由此可知A項“一個重要的科研資金提供者”正確.。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(對期刊出版商的批評通常歸結(jié)為兩件事，一是他們的過程需要幾個月，當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許他們花上幾天的時間時，另一個是因為每一份報紙都像一個小的壟斷，如果他們想提高自己的閱讀水平，這一領(lǐng)域的工作人員必須閱讀,沒有降價的空間),可知A項“抗議他們（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高價格”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干說“當(dāng)科學(xué)論文通過同行評審時…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他們（即出版商）組織同行評審，在該評審中專家們不具名地對論文進行評論（但是這些專家如論文的作者樣很少為自己的工作而得到報酬）)。由此可知D項“科學(xué)家將評價自己領(lǐng)域其它科學(xué)家的工作”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的確，愛思唯爾（世界領(lǐng)先的科技及醫(yī)學(xué)出版公司）的利潤被許多人認為是如此……，以致1.2萬名研究者簽名去聯(lián)合抵制這家公司的期刊)。由此推測egregious的意思為“非常不合理的；過分的”。

6.細節(jié)事實題。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和綠色模式涉及出版前同行評審，但是第三種模式經(jīng)常不用在出版前進行同行評審”知A項“在前兩種（出版模式）中發(fā)生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）發(fā)生在出版后”正確

7.推理判斷題。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(這些組織的雄厚財力意味著至少在前幾年這個期刊將甚至不需要出版費)及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(幾個商業(yè)出版商正在試用金色模式的出版)。可推知“作者對傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)期刊出版商的擔(dān)憂”，這為第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科學(xué)出版商沒有覺得擔(dān)心的話，那么他們應(yīng)該開始擔(dān)心了”提供了論據(jù)支持，故C項“為文章最后一段中的有力的斷言提供了支持”正確。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC醫(yī)學(xué)》（斯普林格的一個開放閱覽期刊）最近公布的調(diào)查顯示開放閱覽期刊被引用的廣泛程度和傳統(tǒng)期刊一樣多)中的but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折的對應(yīng)可推測“MarkWalport先生擔(dān)心開放閱覽期刊相比傳統(tǒng)期刊可能收不到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”，由此知D項“擔(dān)心發(fā)布在開放閱覽期刊和存放處上的好論文可能受不到它們應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”正確。

9.主旨大意題。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的話來對教授Dijk的研究進行評價及文章A全文都在用報告的方式進行敘述,因此文章A是一個簡單的報告文章，而文章B中大多數(shù)段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商確實也提供服務(wù)”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.還需要解決很多事情”等提出觀點后再論證”知文章B基本上是提出某些觀點的一個議論文，由此知B項“文章B基本上是提出某些觀點的一個議論文，而文章A是一篇簡單的報告文章”正確；

9.單選題

Intheschoollibrarythereisacollectionofforeignbooks___tothepublic.

問題1選項

A.accessible

B.adjustable

C.admirable

D.adaptable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.accessible易接近的；可使用的B.adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的

C.admirable令人欽佩的；極好的D.adaptable能適應(yīng)的

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是有一大批外國圖書可供公眾查閱。A選項accessible“可使用的”，accessibleto可表示“可得到的”可引申為此句所需要的邏輯。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】學(xué)校圖書館里有一批供公眾閱讀的外國書籍。

10.單選題

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientist.

問題1選項

A.advent

B.adverse

C.advert

D.advise

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。句意：電子計算機的出現(xiàn)為科學(xué)家的數(shù)據(jù)分析開辟了新的道路。advent“來臨”，名詞；adverse“不利的；相反的”，形容詞；advert“引起注意”，動詞；advise“建議”，動詞。根據(jù)題意，選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.

問題1選項

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查onthegroundof“以……為理由，根據(jù)”。句意：他總是以身體不好為由拒絕他們的邀請。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。attribute“認為······是；把······歸于”；distribute“分配，散發(fā)”；contribute“貢獻”；scatter“分散，散開”。句意：有些礦藏很常見，有些則是區(qū)域性分布，還有些是地球上罕見的。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

問題1選項

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inaway意為“在某種程度上”；intheway意為“妨礙”；ontheway意為“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意為“偏遠”。句意：你那天無意中聽到的事確實與馬丁在某種程度上有關(guān)。

14.單選題

Heneverexertshimselftoaidthosetryingto（

）adifficultsituation.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.modify

C.solidify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”；modify“修改；更改”;solidify“團結(jié)；凝固”；verify“核實；查證”。句意：他從不幫助那些試圖矯正困境的人。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Churchill’sinspiringspeecheshelped______hiscountrymentofightagainsttheenemy.

問題1選項

A.rally

B.ally

C.resemble

D.ramble

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.rally召集；集合B.ally與……結(jié)盟

C.resemble看起來像；顯得像D.ramble漫步；漫談

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息tofightagainsttheenemy（與敵人作戰(zhàn)）可知，______hiscountrymen是指“召集他的國民”，該題選擇A項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】丘吉爾鼓舞人心的演說幫助他的國民團結(jié)起來與敵人作戰(zhàn)。

16.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized