考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

________theendofthewhalingindustrycamehardtimesforseaportslikeNewBedfordandNantucket.

問題1選項

A.With

B.Wasit

C.That

D.Moreover

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：（）捕鯨業(yè)的終結(jié)，像新貝德福和南塔開特這樣的港口迎來了艱難的時刻。withtheendof是固定搭配。因為這里是介詞短語提前，所以主句用了完全倒裝。選B選項會造成句子有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，不符合語法。C選項“那個”，D選項“此外”不符合句意。

2.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問題1選項

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語搭配。Which指先行詞theextent，空格處詞語應(yīng)與theextent相搭配，構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項正確。

3.單選題

Thebanknoteswhichhadfooledmanybanktellerswerediscoveredtobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.defective

C.counterfeit

D.faulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。artificial意為“人工的，人造的”；defective意為“有缺點的”；counterfeit意為“偽造的，仿造的”；faulty意為“不完美的，有錯誤的”。

句意：欺騙了許多銀行出納員的鈔票被發(fā)現(xiàn)是假幣。

4.單選題

Malelionsremainalooffromtheday-to-dayactivitiesoftheirfamilies.

問題1選項

A.upwindof

B.exhaustedfrom

C.separatefrom

D.boredwith

【答案】C

【解析】alooffrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”。upwindof逆風(fēng)地；exhaustedfrom筋疲力盡的；separatefrom分離；boredwith對……厭倦。選項C與之意思相近，符合原句語境。

5.單選題

Pennyhaddroppedthelargetowel,whichwasflungaroundhershoulders,andwasrunningintothesea.“Comeon,”shesaid.“I’llraceyou.”

Nicholastookoffhisbeach-wrapandfollowedherintothewater.Itwaschillyenoughtomakehimgaspbuthesteepedinbravely,andcontinueduntilhewasuptohiswaistandthendived,comingupclosetoherside.Thenhesetoffatasteadyrhythmiccrawlfortheboat,aboutfiftyyardsaway.

“Hi!”shoutedPenny,chasingafterhim.“Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!”“Ineversaidso.”Nicholascalledbackandhewentfaster,findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater.Theearlymorningsunshonewarmlyonhiswetheadandtheseasparkled.Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless,buthappierthanhehadeverbeensincethenightofthecrash.Heknewheswamwell.Hehadbeentaughtbyaprofessionalteacherwhenhewasonlysevenandsincethenhehadbathedinmostoftheoceansoftheworld.Itwastheonlysportallowedtohimandhehadmadethemostofit.

Pennypulledherselfupintotheboatandsatbesidehim,laughing.“Youlittlemonkey!”shesaid.“AndtherewasmesayingI’dteachyoutoswim.”

“Itwasverykindofyou,”saidNicholassedately,buthiseyessmiled.

“You’llhavetogoinfortheracesinAugust,”shetoldhim.“You’llbeatanyonewe’vegothere!”

“Oh,Idon’tthinkI’dbeallowed,”beganNicholas,butPennybrokein,“Whyonearthnot?Don’tforgetyou’reNickyFieldnow,notanyonespecial.Whyshouldn’tyougoinforracesifyouwantto?”

Notanyonespecial!NicholasWakefieldturnedthisoverinhismind.Didhelikeitordidn’the?Foraslongashecouldrememberhehadbeensomeoneveryspecialindeed.Thegreatestpeopleintheworldofmusichadwatchedhimatthepiano,andwhereverhewenthehadtobeprotectedfrompressmenandphotographers.IntelevisionstudiosallovertheworldhehadreceivedVIPtreatment.Butnow,justforafewweekshewasnotspecialatall,andonlygoodatswimming.Hewasgoingtolikeit!Somehowitallseemedawonderfuljoke.

1.ToenterthewaterNicholas____.

2.Whydidhefeelsatisfied?

3.Whenhereachedtheboathefelt____.

4.PennycalledNicholasa“l(fā)ittlemonkey”because____.

5.WhatdidNicholasWakefieldfindfunny?

問題1選項

A.divedinheadfirst

B.jumpedinuptohiswaist

C.crawledintothewater

D.walkedingradually

問題2選項

A.He’ddonereallyfastforthecrawl.

B.Hefelthe’dimpressedhisgirlfriend.

C.He’ddoneexactlywhathe’dbeentaught.

D.Hefoundhishandsweren’tstiffanymore.

問題3選項

A.alittlebittired

B.shortofbreath

C.painfulinhishands

D.proudofwinningtherace

問題4選項

A.hehadplayedtricksonherinthewater

B.hehadletherthinkhecouldn’tswim

C.hehaddivedinandchasedher

D.hehadpretendedhedidn’tlikeswimming

問題5選項

A.TheTVmenandphotographershadn’tbeenabletofindhim.

B.Penny’swayofgettingintotheboat.

C.HewasgoingtogiveconcertsforafewweeksunderthenameofNickyField.

D.Hewasjustgoingtobeanordinarypersonforafewweeks.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

ToenterthewaterNicholas____.為了下水，尼古拉斯____。

A.divedinheadfirstA.頭朝下跳入水中

B.jumpedinuptohiswaistB.跳到了到他腰部的水中

C.crawledintothewaterC.爬進(jìn)了水里

D.walkedingraduallyD.慢慢地走了進(jìn)去

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“天冷得他倒抽了一口氣，但他還是勇敢地浸入水中，一直浸到腰部，然后潛入水中，靠近她的身邊。”由此可知他是浸入水中的，可推斷他是慢慢走到水里然后讓腰部浸入水中。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“頭朝下跳入水中”，根據(jù)推斷可知，他是慢慢走進(jìn)水中然后浸入水中的，并不是跳入，該選項屬于反向干擾；

B選項“跳到了到他腰部的水中”，根據(jù)推斷可知，他是慢慢走進(jìn)水中然后浸入到他腰部的水中的，并不是直接跳到水中，該選項屬于反向干擾；

C選項“爬進(jìn)了水里”，他是先浸入水中，然后再爬進(jìn)水里，該選項屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項釋義】

Whydidhefeelsatisfied?為什么他感到滿足？

A.He’ddonereallyfastforthecrawl.A.他爬得非常快。

B.Hefelthe’dimpressedhisgirlfriend.B.他覺得他給女朋友留下了深刻的印象。

C.He’ddoneexactlywhathe’dbeentaught.C.他完全按照老師教的去做。

D.Hefoundhishandsweren’tstiffanymore.D.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手不再僵硬了。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段第三句“他高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他受傷的手在水里輕松地移動著。（findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater）”由此可知，他的手在水中移動著，可推斷，他的手不再僵硬不動了。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他爬得非常快?！保闹袥]有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“他覺得他給女朋友留下了深刻的印象?！?，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“他完全按照老師教的去做。”，文中提到“他七歲的時候就被一位專業(yè)的老師教過，從那時起，他就沐浴在世界上大部分的海洋中?！保窃诖颂幉]有說他完全按照老師教的去做，也并不是因為此原因而感到滿足，該選項屬于過度推斷。

3.【選項釋義】

Whenhereachedtheboathefelt____.當(dāng)他到達(dá)船上時，他感到____。

A.alittlebittiredA.有點累了

B.shortofbreathB.呼吸急促

C.painfulinhishandsC.雙手疼痛

D.proudofwinningtheraceD.因為贏得了比賽而自豪

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段第五句“他上氣不接下氣地來到船邊（Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless），但從撞船的那天晚上以來，他從來沒有這么高興過。”由此可知他到達(dá)船上以后有點呼吸急促。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“有點累了”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“雙手疼痛”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“因為贏得了比賽而自豪”，雖然尼古拉斯更早的到達(dá)船上，但是并沒有說他因為贏得比賽自豪，該選項屬于過度推斷。

4.【選項釋義】

PennycalledNicholasa“l(fā)ittlemonkey”because____.佩妮叫尼古拉斯“小猴子”是因為____。

A.hehadplayedtricksonherinthewaterA.他在水里捉弄了她

B.hehadletherthinkhecouldn’tswimB.他讓她以為他不會游泳

C.hehaddivedinandchasedherC.他跳進(jìn)水里追她

D.hehadpretendedhedidn’tlikeswimmingD.他假裝不喜歡游泳

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段第一、二句“佩妮追著他喊道?！乙詾槟悴粫斡灸兀。↖thoughtyoucouldn’tswim!）’”以及第四段“‘你小猴子！’她說?！疫€說要教你游泳呢?！庇纱丝赏茢嗯迥菀詾槟峁爬共粫斡?。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他在水里捉弄了她”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“他跳進(jìn)水里追她”，曲解原文，屬于過度推斷；

D選項“他假裝不喜歡游泳”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

WhatdidNicholasWakefieldfindfunny?尼古拉斯?韋克菲爾德覺得什么好笑？

A.TheTVmenandphotographershadn’tbeenabletofindhim.A.電視記者和攝影師都沒能找到他。

B.Penny’swayofgettingintotheboat.B.佩妮上船的方式。

C.HewasgoingtogiveconcertsforafewweeksunderthenameofNickyField.C.他打算用尼基?菲爾德的名字開幾周的演唱會。

D.Hewasjustgoingtobeanordinarypersonforafewweeks.D.他只打算做幾個星期的普通人。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三行“在世界各地的電視演播室里，他受到了貴賓待遇。但現(xiàn)在，僅僅幾個星期，他就一點也不特別，而且只是擅長游泳。他會喜歡的!不知何故，這一切似乎都只是一個絕妙的笑話?！庇纱丝赏茢啵峁爬挂郧笆且粋€名人，但是現(xiàn)在他僅僅是一個只擅長游泳的普通人，這一點讓他感到好笑。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“電視記者和攝影師都沒能找到他。”，文中只是提到以前無論他走到哪里，都得保護(hù)他不受記者和攝影師的騷擾，但沒有說現(xiàn)在電視記者和攝影師都沒能找到他，該選項屬于過度推斷；

B選項“佩妮上船的方式。”，文中沒有提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“他打算用尼基?菲爾德的名字開幾周的演唱會。”，文中只是說他可以作為尼基?菲爾德參加比賽，沒有說開演唱會，該選項屬于無中生有。

6.單選題

（）theheavypollution,thecityofficialshavedecidedtocancelschoolfortheday.

問題1選項

A.Prior

B.Bymeansof

C.Dueto

D.Through

【答案】C

【解析】prior在前的，優(yōu)先的；bymeansof依靠；dueto由于；through從頭到尾，徹底。句意：由于污染嚴(yán)重，市政官員已決定停課一天。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？疾橹^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，四個選項中，只有C項可做謂語。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

8.翻譯題

Asaglobalinstitute,MobileStudies-connectspolicy-makers,practitionersandprofessorsofmobilemediaandcommunicationacrossculturesandcountries.Leveragingitscombinedacademicandindustrialexpertise,MobileStudiesoffersitsuniqueservicestothemobileworld.Interdisciplinaryandcomparativeinapproach,MobileStudies,sharesacademicresearchwiththemobileindustry,industryinsightswith-theacademiccommunity,andtimelyenlightenmentwiththemobilepublic.

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Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

【答案】作為一家全球性機構(gòu)，移動研究所將跨文化和國家的移動媒體和傳播的決策者、實踐者和專家聯(lián)系起來。憑借其綜合的學(xué)術(shù)和行業(yè)的專業(yè)知識，移動研究所為移動世界提供了特殊的服務(wù)。運用跨學(xué)科和比較的方法，它與移通信行業(yè)分享學(xué)術(shù)研究，與學(xué)術(shù)界分享行業(yè)見解，并適時啟發(fā)廣大移動公眾。

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不管你信不信，大多數(shù)人呼吸方式都不正確，這會讓人昏昏欲睡。但是通過橫膈膜——使肺部充盈和收縮的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸氣和呼氣。有意識地放松你的下巴、喉嚨、肩膀和上胸部。

隨著中國好聲音的熱度逐漸退去，湖南衛(wèi)視的一檔名為《我是歌手》的音樂節(jié)目越來越受歡迎。演出邀請許多專業(yè)音樂人士參賽。與使用傳統(tǒng)的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，這檔節(jié)目中由500名觀眾來決定臺上明星們的命運。讓我們來看看由一首經(jīng)典情歌改編成的搖滾樂如何將我們帶入充滿激情的搖滾樂世界中。

9.單選題

Hehasspentallthemoneyandmadeno（

）forthefuture.

問題1選項

A.proverb

B.provision

C.prospect

D.province

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項proverb“諺語，格言”；B選項provision“規(guī)定，條款，供應(yīng)品”；C選項prospect“前途，預(yù)期”；D選項province“領(lǐng)域，職權(quán)”。句意：他花光了所有的錢，沒有為將來做準(zhǔn)備。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Thetownsquarereallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitis（

）

問題1選項

A.illuminated

B.decorated

C.furnished

D.inhabited

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。illuminated“被照明的”；decorated“裝飾的，修飾的”；furnished“家具，有家具的”；inhabited“有人居住的”。句意：當(dāng)燈光照亮?xí)r，夜晚的城市廣場看上去真的很宏偉。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

問題2選項

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

問題3選項

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

問題4選項

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

問題5選項

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.隨著喜馬拉雅山脈的形成和該地區(qū)相對突然的干旱，動物和植物的數(shù)量急劇減少。隨后發(fā)生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川進(jìn)一步變薄?！笨芍狣項“藏族生活的多樣性減少”正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代難以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品種很少，所以用藏茶來補充因蔬菜攝入不足所缺乏的營養(yǎng)。B項“茶葉與發(fā)酵牦牛酥的營養(yǎng)混合物”；A項“—種綠茶，類似于漢族的籃炒綠茶”。C項“經(jīng)過細(xì)致過濾的深棕色茶品”。D項含高咖啡因的飲品。既然是要補充蔬菜攝入不足導(dǎo)致的營養(yǎng)缺乏，自然要用有營養(yǎng)的物質(zhì)來替代。故B項正確。

3.判斷推理題。本文中沒有涉及作者的研究和經(jīng)歷，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中講到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A項“基于第一手經(jīng)驗”；B項“終身學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果”；C項“限于地質(zhì)歷史”；D項“僅從書本中獲得”故D項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并沒有打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤是文化決定因素的觀點。一個區(qū)域的生態(tài)只造成該區(qū)域居民所面臨的一些問題，雖然一種文化所面臨的問題對其發(fā)展很重要，但這些問題并沒有決定它的發(fā)展?！笨芍狢項“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地區(qū)的文化，共享土壤和氣候，本質(zhì)上是相同的?！闭门c孟德斯鳩的觀點相符。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期結(jié)束后，現(xiàn)存的來自原始大陸物種的生命種類只有幾個?！笨芍狝項“原產(chǎn)于大陸氣候”正確。

12.單選題

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

問題1選項

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項staff“職員”；B選項sustenance“生計”；C選項ingredient“原料，要素”；D選項component“成分，組件”。題干提到，官員組織項目，負(fù)責(zé)項目的維護(hù)，其中也提到勞動者，可推測勞動者的生計問題受到關(guān)注，可知B選項正確。句意：他們幫助官員組織項目，負(fù)責(zé)項目的維護(hù)，處理組織、指導(dǎo)和廣大勞動者的……所涉及到的無數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)。因此B選項正確。

13.案例題

Touristsareguilty,sowearefrequentlytold,ofanumberofcrimes:upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas,parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries,wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame,debauchingthelocalpeasantryandgenerallyloweringthetoneofeverywheretheychoosetosettheirbenightedfeet.Rarelyhasagroupofpeoplebeensowidelyreviled,andIamoneofthem.Soareyou.I'vebeenatouristinProvenceforabout15yearsnowoftenonthereceivingendofcriticismormildabusefrompeoplewhoaccusemeofhaving"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.Curiously,thesecomplaints,whicharesometimesoffensiveandinvariablyveryshrill,donotcomefromtheProvencethemselves,whoseemtoregardmeasafairlybenevolentoddity,butfrommyfellowtourists.

FromtheirvantagepointsinLondonorBrusselsorBoston,theydeplorewhattheysayhashappenedtoProvence.Theyknow,frominvestigationscarriedoutduringtheirbriefannualvacations,thatProvencehaschanged.Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,bakersrunoutofbread,waitersrunoutofpatience,thereisnowheretoparkandnobody—butnobody—canbefoundtofixaleakingpool.

MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsagowiththearrivalofGreeksfromPhocea,whofoundedMarseille.Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.Thencameabadpatch,withthearrivalofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranks.Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.Here,perhaps,iswhereithaditsstart:thereputationoftouristsasslobs.

Aftermanyyearsofon-the-spotobservation,Iwouldliketoputinagoodwordforthismuch-malignedspecies.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthesevisitorsareamiableandconsideratepeoplewhowantnothingmorethanquietenjoyment.TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.Ofcoursetherearecrowds,particularlyinJulyandAugust,butthesetendtobeconfinedtothetownsandpostcardvillages.Forthosewhowantsolitude,beautifulandemptycountrysideisonlyashortdriveaway.

Personally,Ihaveneverfoundthetouristseasonintolerable;indeed,thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.Ifitweren'tforthemoneythattourismbrings,manyofthechateauxandgardensopentothepublicwouldbecomederelict;monumentswouldbelefttocrumble;manyrestaurantscouldneversurviveonlocalcustomalone;itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.Rurallifewouldbethepoorer.

Obviously,thisisnottrueeverywhere.Somepartsoftheworldhavebeensothoroughlyoverexploitedthattheyhavelostwhatevercharmtheyoncepossessed.Thisisusuallytheresultoflocalgreed;butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Touristsarefrequentlycriticized(1)theecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayasand(2)chewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumandartgalleries.Theyarealsoblamedfortheir(3)whilevisitingNotreDame.MyfellowtouristshavereviledmeforhavingdestroyedProvence(4).Theyhavemadealotofcomplains(5).Forinstance,therehavebeenthebusiermarkets,higherprices,(6)restaurants,cafetablesandparkinglots,(7)emptybakeriesandimpatientwaiters.Yet,Provencebegan(8)over2,600yearsago.ThelocalswelcomedGreeks(9),andRomans(10),viaductsandamphitheaters.ButthoseofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranksbroughtthetouristsinto(11)byterrifyingtheinhabitantsand(12).Accordingmyobservation,Iwouldliketosayafewwords(13)thosemuchblamedtourists.Mostofthemareamiableandconsiderate,andtheycamemostlytothetownsandpostcardvillagesinProvenceinJulyandAugustjustforsunshine,(14),thefood,thewine,apleasantbreakfromreallife.IbelieveProvencehasbeen(15)totourism(16)thechateaux,gardensandmonuments,and(17)concertsandvillagefetesinthedistricts.Butusuallythetouristis(18)theblame(19)and(20)insomepartsoftheworld.

A.spectacularscenery

B.fortheholdingof

C.nottomention

D.grateful

E.thesmearingof

F.basedontheirownperspectives

G.itsmassivetourism

H.bywritingaboutit

I.ravagingthecountryside

J.fortheirspoilageof

K.shouldered

L.fortheoverexploitation

M.amiableandconsiderate

N.highoccupancyof

O.forthesurvivalof

P.thelostcharm

Q.poorbehavior

R.forthemonuments

S.disrepute

T.fortheircivilizinginfluence

【答案】1.J

2.E

3.Q

4.H

5.F

6.N

7.C

8.G

9.T

10.R

11.S

12.I

13.M

14.A

15.D

16.O

17.B

18.K

19.L

20.P

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas.”游客經(jīng)常被批評，因為破壞了喜馬拉雅山的生態(tài)平衡。所以，填空處為“fortheirspoilageof”，指損壞，糟蹋。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries.”在博物館和藝術(shù)畫廊的長椅下放口香糖。所以，空格處應(yīng)填"thesmearingof”，指弄臟。

3.根據(jù)“wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame.”可知，空格處應(yīng)填“poorbehavior”，指不雅的行為。

4.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“I'vebeenatouristinProvence...having"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.”我在普羅旺斯做了大約15年的游客，現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常受到一些人的批評或輕微的辱罵，他們指責(zé)我通過寫有關(guān)普羅旺斯的文章“毀了”這個地區(qū)。所以,空格處應(yīng)填“bywritingaboutif”。

5.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,他們的抱怨不是來自于普羅旺斯人,而是基于游客自己的觀點。所以,空格處應(yīng)填”basedontheirownperspectives”。

6.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,...”市場更加擁擠，物價上漲，餐館客滿，陽光最充足的咖啡館也擠滿了人。所以,空格處應(yīng)填“highoccupancyof"。

7.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,市場更加擁擠,物價上漲,餐館客滿,陽光最充足的咖啡館也擠滿了人，更不用說賣空了的面包店和不耐煩的服務(wù)員。nottomention指更不用說。

8.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsago...”可知，填空處應(yīng)填“itsmassivetourism”。

9.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.”希臘人受到當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎是因為他們對文明產(chǎn)生了影嘛并為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┝斯ぷ鳌Ｋ?，空格處?yīng)填“fortheircivilizinginfluence”。

10.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.”羅馬人受到當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎是因為他們建造了紀(jì)念碑、高架橋和圓形劇場。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“forthemonuments”。

11.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句可知，西哥特人、東哥特人和法蘭克人以恐嚇居民和破壞鄉(xiāng)村為樂。也許游客聲譽受損就是從這里開始的。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“disrepute”，odisrepute意為“使某人聲譽掃地,使某人聲名狼籍"。

12.據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.”可知，他們以恐嚇居民和破壞鄉(xiāng)村為樂。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“ravagingthecountryside”。

13.根據(jù)第四段的一二句可知，絕大多數(shù)的旅游者都是友好的，而且是考慮周到的。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“amiableandconsiderate”。

14.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.”他們來到普羅旺斯是為了享受陽光和壯麗的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受與現(xiàn)實生活的愉快休憩。所以應(yīng)填“spectacularscenery"。

15.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.”普羅旺斯應(yīng)該對旅游業(yè)表示感謝。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“grateful”。

16.根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，如果不是旅游業(yè)為普羅旺斯帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，這里就會百業(yè)凋零。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“forthesurvivalof"。

17.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“...itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.”如果沒有旅游業(yè)也就沒必要舉辦音樂會或者鄉(xiāng)村宴會了。所以應(yīng)填“fortheholdingof”。

18.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.”通常都是游客承擔(dān)責(zé)任而不是開發(fā)商。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“shouldered”。

19.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，世界的某些地區(qū)被過度開采,造成這些地區(qū)喪失了曾經(jīng)擁有的吸引力。而這個責(zé)任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格處應(yīng)填"fortheoverexploitation”。

20.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，世界的某些地區(qū)被過度開采,造成這些地區(qū)喪失了曾經(jīng)擁有的吸引力。而這個責(zé)任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“thelostcharm”。

14.問答題

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefri