考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去，握住不放”，尤指不掛上電話以等待想要的或要求的事物；B項(xiàng)holdto“堅(jiān)持，緊握”，指堅(jiān)持某個(gè)看法或路線；C項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，開始從事”，D項(xiàng)seeto“注意，負(fù)責(zé)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞originalplan“原來的計(jì)劃”結(jié)合前半句句子意思“在考慮了各種替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“堅(jiān)持”，所以只有B項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：考慮了各種可選擇的方案后，我們決定堅(jiān)持原來的計(jì)劃。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Inthenewageofemployment,NewZealandexecutiveswithskillstosellareincreasinglycreatingtheirownfuture.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthatcomplains,whichexpecttheirstafftogivetheirsoultothecompany,maybedisappointed.New-ageexecutiveswanttobethekeeperoftheirownsouls.Enlightenedchiefexecutivesknowthatexecutiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohaveinthecompany.

Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies.Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed.Therewillbeaskillshortageinmanycountriesinthenextcentury.Thepeoplewithskillsthatcompaniesneedarelookingforanenjoyableworkingenvironmentthatrecognizesthewholeperson.Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing.

Theimplicationsformanagementstylesareprofound.Tomorrow’sexecutiveswillbenotonproductivity,coldonarbitraryworkpatterns.Forthenewbreed,a70-hourworkingweekisn’tsomethingtoboastabout,ifit’sanadmissionoflousytimemanagement.Executivesrecruitmentagenciesreportthatmoreandmorepeopleareaskingfirstabouttheflexibilityofthecompany’sworkingarrangementsandonlysecondaboutsalarypackages.Thesalarypackagewasn'tunimportantbutcamewellbehindwhatmightbecalledthewholedetailsofthejob.Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty.Becausetheylovetheirwork,theydevelopaverystrongtiewiththeircompany.Inreturn,thisaddsuptothecreationofanenvironment,whichnotonlyattractsstaffbutkeepsthem,too.

Furthermore,manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace.Best-sellingbooksbyDr.Dyerhaveencouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill.

1.Executiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohavethecompanybecause（

）.

2.Thecompanyispopularifithas

（

）.

3.WhichisNOTtrueaboutbalancedemployment?

4.Thesentence“Manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace”(Para.4)means

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.employeesthemselveswilldecidewhichcompanytochoose

B.thebestpeopledon’twanttodevotethemselvescompletelytothecompany

C.thebestpeopledon’tliketostayinaplaceforalongtime

D.thebestpeoplelookdownuponthelessqualified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arbitraryworkpatterns

B.lousymanagement

C.flexibleworkingenvironment

D.busytimeschedule

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thenumbersofemployersandemployeesareproportional

B.Employeeswillenjoymorefreedom

C.Itisastandardbywhichfutureemployeesjudgecompanies

D.Companieswillcreateenvironmentattractivetotheemployees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycarryouthumanetreatment

B.theyencourageemployeestoworkhard

C.theyplayaroleincorporatemill

D.theytakeindividualemployeesasdominantfactor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Employeesdecidetochooseworkattheirownwill.

B.Loyaltyisessentialtoacompany.

C.Prospectiveemployeespreferfavorableenvironment.

D.Companieshavecreatedattractiveenvironment.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察判斷推理。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing提到員工們要的是自由，希望有節(jié)假日來做自己的事情。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2..考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到，未來的公司為了吸引有技能的人前來就業(yè)，需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出更好的環(huán)境。員工最在乎的不是工資而是自己能否有足夠的假期來做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相對自用的工作環(huán)境能夠讓員工對公司更加忠誠（Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty）。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies可以排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom可以排除選項(xiàng)B；根據(jù)第二句Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed排除選項(xiàng)D。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.考察判斷推理。題干的意思是“制造商應(yīng)該把人性設(shè)置在工作場所”。文章提到了員工現(xiàn)在更加看中的是freedom而不是把報(bào)酬放在第一位，他們希望有自己的時(shí)間來做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill提到這位博士鼓勵(lì)員工多去為自己想想而不是成為一個(gè)工作的機(jī)器，也就是說公司應(yīng)該把員工放在主要位置。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章主要講述了員工對于未來工作環(huán)境的要求。他們不再把工資報(bào)酬放在第一位，而是要有靈活的工作時(shí)間，有假期來做自己的事情，而不再是做一個(gè)工作的機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

3.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm（沒必要不工作，只是要保持冷靜）。

4.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽活動對全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽活動的變化。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問題是，這些模型預(yù)測，世界應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此）可知A選項(xiàng)“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會覆蓋北半球。

5.單選題

Mostof

whatBillsaidwas（）;onlyone

ortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeing

discussed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reliable

B.relative

C.related

D.relating

【答案】B

【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相較的；related指相關(guān)的；relating是動詞relate的分詞形式。句意：比爾講的大多都很切題,只有一兩點(diǎn)與主題關(guān)系不是很緊密。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在西方國家的有志之士都認(rèn)識到，不同文明之間應(yīng)學(xué)會共存，而不應(yīng)因文化上的不同而走向沖突以致戰(zhàn)爭。他們認(rèn)為，不同民族和國家可以通過文化交往與對話取得某種“共識”，也即有一個(gè)從“不同”到某種意義上相互“認(rèn)同”的過程。這種相互“認(rèn)同”是在兩種不同文化中尋找交匯點(diǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上推動雙方文化的發(fā)展，這正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

7.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。decomposed已分解的，已腐爛的；denounced公開指責(zé)的，公然抨擊

的；detached分開的，分離的；deduced推論的，演繹的。根據(jù)句中badanddampweather(惡劣潮濕的天氣),

theplants與decomposed搭配合理表示“濕熱天氣使植物很快腐爛”。

8.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項(xiàng)efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導(dǎo)師告訴本科生，通過多練習(xí)，可以_____一門外語。這里表達(dá)的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)(be)attachedto“附屬于；系于”；B選項(xiàng)(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C選項(xiàng)(be)filledwith“充滿”；D選項(xiàng)(be)associatedwith“與……有關(guān)”。句意：應(yīng)注意縮短人們……連續(xù)噪音的時(shí)間。從句中的主語是one“人”，賓語是loudcontinuousnoise“響亮不間斷的噪音”。人對噪音是難以忍受的，所以需要縮短人們承受噪音的時(shí)間。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.Technologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefects—andthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.(1)Forsomeoneinneedoftreatment,that’sgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajoboraninsurancepolicy,thetidingscanbeallbad.

Lastweekacorollary(推論)tothepatientsbillofrightsnowbeforeCongress:arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002,underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary,patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.Theywouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.(2)Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.TheplanwassaidtobeanunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.

(3)Whiletheadministrationbilledtherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry,neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy,pointingtoaprovisionallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewas“health-careoperations”.That,physicianssaid,wasaloophole(漏洞)throughwhichHealthMaintenanceOrganizationsandotherinsurerscouldpry(窺探)intothedoctor-patientrelationship,inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile,theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.

Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforprivacybreaches(違背)by“businesspartners”suchaslawyersandaccountants.Bothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveupthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanadditional$3.8billion,andmaybemuchmore,overthenextfiveyears.(4)Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrules’enforcementrules.

Oneaimoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality,therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.(5)Todayvariouscancersandsexuallytransmitteddiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal:anofficialnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation,suchaspayingcashforservices.

【答案】1.對于需要治療的人來說，這是個(gè)好消息。但對于在找工作或準(zhǔn)備買保險(xiǎn)的人來說，這些可能都是壞消息。

2.醫(yī)護(hù)人員或保險(xiǎn)公司不當(dāng)使用醫(yī)療記錄可能會招致民事和刑事處罰。

3.盡管政府聲稱這些規(guī)定旨在試圖平衡消費(fèi)者和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)的需求，但醫(yī)生和保險(xiǎn)公司都對此不滿。

4.依據(jù)新法規(guī)的執(zhí)行細(xì)則，聯(lián)邦政府將加大審查力度，他們也對此不滿。

5.如今，各種癌癥和性傳播疾病都可能得不到治療，因?yàn)榛颊吆ε聦擂位蚴ケｋU(xiǎn)。

11.單選題

IfIhadacarofmyown,I（

）ittoyoursisteryesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willlend

B.wouldlend

C.shouldlend

D.wouldhavelent

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)yesterday可知,這里是對過去情況的虛擬。從句為had+過去分詞,主句應(yīng)該用wouldhave+過去分詞。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.

AftertheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)wasfoundedin1927,theparticularstyleofspeechoftheBBCannouncerswasrecognizedasStandardEnglishorReceivedPronunciation(RP)English.Now,mostpeoplestillconsiderthatthepronunciationanddeliveryofBBCannouncersistheclearestandmostunderstandablespokenEnglish.

Englishhashadastrongassociationwithclassandsocialstatus.However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery,andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.

Astheneedhasarisen,newwordshavebeeninventedorfoundfromotherlanguagesandincorporatedintoEnglish.Similarly,oldwordsandexpressionshavebeendiscardedastheirusefulnesshasdiminishedorthefashionshavepassed.Thisalsohappenstostylesandmodesofspeechwhichbecamefashionableataparticulartimeandinspecificcircumstances.

Bytheendofthe1960sitbecameapparentthatitwasnotnecessarytospeakStandardEnglishorevencorrectgrammartobecomepopular,successfulandrich.Thefashionablespeechofthedaywasnolongertheprerogativeofaprivilegedclassbutratheradefiantexpressionofclasslessness.

ThegreatestsingleinfluenceoftheshapingoftheEnglishlanguageinmoderntimesistheAmericanEnglish.Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.

Inthe1970s,fashionfavoredstresslesspronunciationandalanguagefullofjargon,slangand“in”words,muchofitquiteincomprehensibletotheoutsideworld.WhatisconsideredmodernandfashionableinBritaintodayisoftennotthekindofEnglishtaughtinschoolsandcolleges.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery”(Para.3)?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasatrendintheU.S.fortheyoungpeople______.

4.Theword“mid-Atlantic”inthepassage(Para.6)probablymeans______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguagehasnotchangedmuchinthiscentury.

B.TheBBCannouncersspeakStandardEnglish.

C.Englishhasnoassociationwithclassandsocialstatusnow.

D.YoungpeopleallspeakEnglishinthesameway.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

D.Mostpeopledon’tbelievetheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tospeakStandardEnglish

B.tospeakEnglishwithoutclassdistinction

C.tospeakEnglishwithclassdistinction

D.tospeakEnglishwithgrammarmistakes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanandEuropean

B.AmericanandBritish

C.theAtlanticOcean

D.inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakStandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個(gè)世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。），說明隨著英語語言有了很大的改變，英語語言的使用也同樣如此。因此A選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語的使用沒有什么變化”與原文不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“BBC的播音員說的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在英語與階級和社會地位沒有關(guān)聯(lián)”，D選項(xiàng)“年輕人都以同樣的方式說英語”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B,C,D。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery（然而，自第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，人們對言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了相當(dāng)大的變化），“言語勢利”是指通過言語判斷社會階層，說明大部分人不認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語有什么了不起了。因此D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們都像BBC播音員一樣說英語”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“對如何說英語的態(tài)度有了很大的改變”，原文只說對于言語勢利的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“有些人仍然認(rèn)為他們的說話方式是低劣的”與原文意思相反，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.（諸如言論風(fēng)格等階級區(qū)分的標(biāo)志逐漸被摒棄，尤其是在年輕一代中。），說明年輕人使用英語沒有了階級劃分。因此B選項(xiàng)“說英語不分等級”正確。A選項(xiàng)“說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，C選項(xiàng)“說有階級差別的英語”，D選項(xiàng)“說有語法錯(cuò)誤的英語”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.（在過去的25年里，許多人使用的英語，尤其是媒體、廣告和演藝界使用的英語，在風(fēng)格、表達(dá)方式和口音上越來越像大西洋中部的英語。），說明美式英語對英語影響很大，前文第二段又說到BBC英式英語一直是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，那么現(xiàn)在的英語就必定是受美式英語很大影響的英式英語，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之間。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國和英國”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國和歐洲”，C選項(xiàng)“大西洋”，D選項(xiàng)“在大西洋的中間”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校里教的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語”，由原文可知，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語就是BBC英語，學(xué)校不可能都在教BBC英語，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“年輕人拒講標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語因?yàn)樗麄兪桥涯娴摹?，由原文可知，年輕人主要是不想在講話時(shí)顯出階級差別，事實(shí)上二戰(zhàn)后很多人都這樣，不僅是年輕人，不能根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)說明年輕人是叛逆的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在過去的25年里，英語受到美國英語的影響”，由原文可知，語言的影響是一個(gè)長期的過程，不能說在特定一段時(shí)間影響，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“本世紀(jì)以來，英語有了很大的變化”，根據(jù)文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在這個(gè)世紀(jì)里，隨著英語語言的快速變化，英語語言的使用也在快速變化。）可知，本世紀(jì)以來英語有了很大的變化，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Cellphoneusehasexplodedinmanycountries,easingcommunicationbetweenindividualsbutcausingsocialuneasinessaswell.IntheindustrializedWest,cellphoneusehasleapfroggedoverconventionalphonenetworksthatreliedoncumbersometelephonelinesandexpensiveundergroundwiring.InAsiancountries,especiallypooreroneslikeCambodia,suchhighinfrastructurecostsarebeingavoidedbysimplymovingtowirelesscommunication.

However,eveninthemostmoderncountries,cellphoneusehasprovedsomewhatofanovelty,onethathasrequiredaredefinitionofsocialconventions.Theabilitytoalwaysbeconnectedwithanotherperson,nomatterwhereonetravels,’hasledtoafrictionofpersonalspaceanddifferentperceptionsonthevalueofcommunication.Today,cellphoneuserscantalktofriends,workersandfamilymemberswhilecatchingabus,walkingalongthestreetorclimbingaflightofstairs.

Butwhatofthepeoplearoundcellphoneusers?Oftenaloudcellcallinamovietheaterorarecitalhallwillbringsighsofannoyancebytheaudienceasimpatiencewithbeepingandringingincreases.Butshouldgovernmentstepintoregulatetheuseofcellphonesandrestricttheiruse?Somearguethatmarketforcesarebestsuitedtosolvingconsumerdissatisfaction.Proponentsofthisperspectivecitenewrulesinmovietheatersandconcerthallsthatrequirepatronstoturnofftheircellphonesbeforetheperformancebegins.

Others,however,seearoleforgovernmentinharnessingthisnewtechnology.Insomestates,itisnowillegaltodriveandtalkonamobilephone.Asaresponsetotheselawsandbecauseofthecomplicationsofperformingmorethanonetaskwhilespeakingonacellphone,.companieshavedevelopedheadsetssothatuserscantalk“handsfree”.Nevertheless,thissolutionhasperhapsaggravatedsocialfrictionbymakingcellphoneuseevenmoreconvenient.Manyusersarenowseentalkingtothemselves—asignnotofmentalinstability—butoftherapidexpansionofmoderntechnology.

Regardlessofprivateorpublicrestrictionsontheuseofcellphones,societystillhasalongwaytogobeforeitcantrulyacceptandadapttotheburdensofcellphoneuseonthirdparties.Onlywhendistinctsocialnormsarecreatedtodealwithcommoncellphoneusewillthetechnologybecomemoreacceptedandviewedlessasanirritant.

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.

2.Theword“l(fā)eapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needsmorephones

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusers

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystems

D.usesmail

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdate

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelines

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrate

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aneutralstance.

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.

D.Ambiguousness.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anincreaseincellphonecosts

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehavior

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidents

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.1.第一段中柬埔寨的例子是用來代表______的一個(gè)國家。

A.needsmorephonesA.需要更多的手機(jī)

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusersB.手機(jī)用戶比例高

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystemsC.使用手機(jī)來避免傳統(tǒng)電話系統(tǒng)的高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本

D.usesmailD.使用郵件

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句“在亞洲國家，特別是像柬埔寨這樣較為貧窮的國家，只要改用無線通訊，就可以避免如此高昂的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本”，無線通訊是上文所指的手機(jī)的使用，綜合理解可以推斷，該段用柬埔寨舉例是用來代表性地說明使用手機(jī)能避免高昂的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“使用手機(jī)來避免傳統(tǒng)電話系統(tǒng)的高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“需要更多的手機(jī)”，柬埔寨需要改用無線通訊，而不是需要更多無線通訊，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“手機(jī)用戶比例高”，柬埔寨還在使用傳統(tǒng)的電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“使用郵件”，文章沒有提到郵件，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“l(fā)eapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.2.第一段中的單詞“l(fā)eapfrogged”很可能意味著______。

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdateA.手機(jī)技術(shù)正在迅速過時(shí)

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelinesB.手機(jī)用戶可以跳過普通電話線進(jìn)行交流

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrateC.手機(jī)的使用正在迅速擴(kuò)大

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuseD.手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話的使用

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第二句“在西方工業(yè)化國家，手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)超越了（leapfrogged）傳統(tǒng)的電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)，后者依賴于笨重的電話線和昂貴的地下線路”，從這句話我們可知，手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)超過了傳統(tǒng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用；結(jié)合第一句“在許多國家，手機(jī)的使用呈爆炸式增長……”，也就是說許多國家已經(jīng)開始使用手機(jī)了，綜合理解可推知，leapfrogged指的是手機(jī)的使用取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話，D項(xiàng)“手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話的使用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“手機(jī)技術(shù)正在迅速過時(shí)”，是傳統(tǒng)電話正在過時(shí)，而不是手機(jī)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“手機(jī)用戶可以跳過普通電話線進(jìn)行交流”，原文沒有這種表述，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“手機(jī)的使用正在迅速擴(kuò)大”表述不全，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?3.在第三段中，作者對于手機(jī)使用限制的立場是什么？

A.Aneutralstance.A.一個(gè)中立的立場。

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.B.堅(jiān)決支持限制。

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.C.反對任何限制。

D.Ambiguousness.D.含混不清。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第三段，作者在該段開頭拋出了一個(gè)問題，即“但是手機(jī)用戶周圍的人呢？”，然后就舉例了手機(jī)給周圍的人所帶來的困擾，接著又提到了限制手機(jī)使用的支持者的觀點(diǎn)，但是作者并未在該段表露出對于限制使用手機(jī)的明顯態(tài)