有用的英語論文寫作講座英文版

HowtoConduct

DecentResearchWorkFengZheng,Ph.D.MaterialsChemistryCentralSouthUniversity1第一頁，共三十頁。AimsProvideasimplebutformalintroductiontoyoungresearchersthebasicstrategyemployedbypeer-reviewedscientistsaroundtheworldPersonalexperiencehomeandabroadSuggestionsforfutureworkEditorialworkItchesoftranslation/interpretation2第二頁，共三十頁。IdentifyaProjectLiteraturesearch(uptonow)Introduction(why,what,how,what)Whyis/arethis/theseimportantWhathas/havebeendoneHowdidtheydoWhatwas/wereleft(foryou)andWhatdoyouwanttodoTheoreticalwork?Experimentalwork?3第三頁，共三十頁。TitleProperwordsforyourtitle好的開頭是成功的一半Agoodbeginningishalfdone.

Becautionwhenusingon,investigation,researchandstudyfortitle4第四頁，共三十頁。Theory&ExperimentSet-upWhatdoyouwanttodoImproveoragainstexistingtheory?Providemoredata?Proposenovelideas?HowtoachieveyourgoalsBetterorreliabletheoreticalanalysisBetterornewexperimentalresultsRawmaterialsEquipmentsExperimentprocedure5第五頁，共三十頁。ResultsNewtheoreticalanalysis(notease)Formostengineeringworkweneed:ChemicalcompositionStructureMechanicalpropertiesPhysicalpropertiesEtc.Inproperorder6第六頁，共三十頁。AnalysisorDiscussionHowtodescribeyourresultsHowtomakecomparisonwithliteratureWhyareyourworkimportantWhatareyourcontributiontoscienceorengineeringWhatareyourconclusions7第七頁，共三十頁。ConclusionsWhatareyourconclusionsTheoreticalanalysisExperimentalresultsWorkongoingorsuggestions8第八頁，共三十頁。AbstractWhathas/havebeendoneMostimportantresultsTuneofpast–was/were,has/havebeen

9第九頁，共三十頁。AcknowledgementsFinancialsupportHelpfordiscussionandtheoreticalanalysisHelpoftechnicians10第十頁，共三十頁。LiteratureCitationHistoryofthisworkMakeyourspartofthehistoryLaterworkhastociteyourpaper(important)Styleaccordingtoinstructionforauthorsofchosenjournal11第十一頁，共三十頁。ChecklistTitle(eye-catching)Authors(teamwork*)Abstract(concise)Introduction(story-telling)Experimentalprocedure(book-keeping)Results(book-keeping)Discussion(elegance,cross-reference)Conclusion(solid)Acknowledgements(polite)Literaturecitation(honest)12第十二頁，共三十頁。TextLayoutKeepitconsistentthroughoutthemanuscript.Doublelinespacingand12fontispreferred:makeitconvenientforreviewerstomakeannotations.Numberthepages.Numberthelinesifthejournalrequirestodoso.13第十三頁，共三十頁。LengthofFullArticle“…25-30pagesistheideallengthforasubmittedmanuscript,includingessentialdataonly.”–JulianEastoe,Co-editor,JournalofColloidandInterfaceScience Titlepage Abstract 1paragraph Introduction 1.5-2manuscriptpages(double-spaced,12pt) Methods 2-4manuscriptpages ResultsandDiscussion 10-12manuscriptpages Conclusions 1-2manuscriptpages Figures 6-8 Tables 1-3 References 20-50itemsLettersorshortcommunicationshaveastricterlimitationofthelength.Forexample,3000wordswithnomorethan5illustrations.14第十四頁，共三十頁。SubmissionWheretopublishyourworkImpactfactorScientificCommunity(bulletin,transactionsandjournalsofwell-establishedinternationalornationalsociety)ElectricalsubmissionCoverletterCorrespondingauthor15第十五頁，共三十頁。CommunicationtoEditors

AcknowledgeeditorialworkAddressexactlythequestionsraisedbyreviewersRebuttalwithsoundevidences16第十六頁，共三十頁。WhatGetsYouAccepted?AttentiontodetailsCheckanddoublecheckyourworkConsiderthereviewsEnglishmustbeasgoodaspossiblePresentationisimportantTakeyourtimewithrevisionAcknowledgethosewhohavehelpedyouNew,originalandpreviouslyunpublishedCriticallyevaluateyourownmanuscriptEthicalrulesmustbeobeyed –NigelJohnCook,Editor-in-Chief, OreGeologyReviews17第十七頁，共三十頁。SuggestionsforStudentsLabrecords(experimentresults)Literaturereviewing(introduction&discussion)Talktosupervisor(bringcopiedarticles&data)Discussionwithotherfaculty/fellowstudentsWritedownanythingofinterestTrytodoonepaperinonemonth!Thiscanbedoneandwehavedoneandcandothatinaregularbase(onceforeachstudent)."Everythingshouldbemadeassimpleaspossible,butnotsimpler".–AlbertEinstein18第十八頁，共三十頁。SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)

Yourmanuscriptisbothgoodandoriginal,butthepartthatisgoodisnotoriginalandthepartthatisoriginalisnotgood.Whatiswrittenwithouteffortisingeneralreadwithoutpleasure.Knowledgeisoftwokinds.Weknowasubjectourselves,orweknowwherewecanfindinformationonit.Curiosityisoneofthepermanentandcertaincharacteristicsofavigorousmind.GreatEnglishauthor,critic,&lexicographer;wrote"DictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage"1747-1755,novel"Rasselas"1759,10-volume"LivesofthePoets"1779-1781.NextonlytoWilliamShakespeare.

19第十九頁，共三十頁。GoodReferencesChicagoGuidestoWriting,Editing,andPublishingTheChicagoManualofStyle,15thEdition:CD-ROMforWindows(CD-ROM),June15,2007(Note1stEditionin1906)AManualforWritersofResearchPapers,Theses,andDissertations,7thEdition:ChicagoStyleforStudentsandResearchers,April15,2007

TheCraftofResearch,2ndedition,March2003

AllbyUniversityofChicagoPress20第二十頁，共三十頁。ItchesofTranslation/InterpretationIdiom,phrase,proverb,saying,slagetc.信-Meaningful,達(dá)-Loyalty,雅-Elegance不懂外語的林紓(琴南)，《巴黎茶花女遺事》和《撒克遜劫后英雄略》譯筆流暢，對中國文學(xué)界影響很大。向西方介紹中國文化的林語堂,《吾國與吾民》于1935年在紐約出版和立即成為暢銷書,被賽珍珠認(rèn)為是“歷來有關(guān)中國的著作中最忠實、最巨麗、最完備、最重要的成績”。兩腳踏東西文化,一心評宇宙文章。譯《毛選、詩、詞》的人中之龍錢鐘書,《管錐編》憑記憶默寫征引西方千余學(xué)者多種語言著作1780多種。21第二十一頁，共三十頁。翻譯-編輯之癢與痛春風(fēng)得意馬蹄疾HappyhorserunsfastinSpring(???)師范大學(xué)Normaluniversity(???)名利雙收Tohavewilddreamsofglory(圍城英譯)Tohavewilddreamsofgainingbothfameandwealth?一年之計在于春,一日之計在于晨Onehourinthemorningisworthtwointheevening(?)Earlybirdcatchestheworm22第二十二頁，共三十頁。PlagiarismandDataFabrication“Plagiarismistheappropriationofanotherperson’sideas,processes,results,orwordswithoutgivingappropriatecredit,includingthoseobtainedthroughconfidentialreviewofothers’researchproposalsandmanuscripts.”theFederalOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy,1999.剽竊他人和剽竊自己以及數(shù)據(jù)造假都不行!Automatictextchecksystemunderway23第二十三頁，共三十頁。熟能生巧Everydoghashis/herowndays(人不可貌相,人生終有得意時)Lossface(丟臉)Daretoloss(one’s)face(不怕丟臉)Practicemakesperfect(熟能生巧)Killstwobirdswithonestone一箭雙雕,圍魏救趙,名利雙收Funnylittlewords:at,in,of,on,up,theetc.24第二十四頁，共三十頁。班門弄斧-不自量力關(guān)公面前耍大刀孔夫子面前賣文章當(dāng)自己是個人物WaveaxeinfrontofMasterLuBan(???)PretendtobeJamesBond(?)TobesomeoneToteachafishhowtoswim謝謝大家!25第二十五頁，共三十頁。PersonalExperienceCuoutdiffusioninSiwafer(UW)F.ZhengandT.G.Stoebe,LowTemperatureOut-DiffusionofCufromSilicon,JournalofElectrochemicalSociety146(1999)1238-1240.NanosizedZnO(CSU)Y.Chen,R.Z.Yu,Q.Shi,J.L.Qin,F.Zheng，HydrothermalSynthesisofhexagonalZnOclusters，MaterialsLetter

61(2007)4438-4441.

Hightemperatureelectrodereactions(CSU)F.Zheng,Y.Chen,HightemperatureelectrodereactionsofSrandMgdopedLaGaO3perovskite,JMaterSci.,

43(2008)2058-2065.DOI10.1007/s10853-007-2423-yB-C-Si-Zrultrahightemperatureceramics(CSU)H.M.Chen,F.Zheng,Z.P.Jin,ThermodynamicAssessmentofB-ZrandSi-ZrBinarySystems,JournalofAlloysandCompounds,acceptedAcceptedwithnochange26第二十六頁，共三十頁。JokesAround2000,MITstudentsset-upacomputerprogramtoautomaticallygenerateseveralartificialresearchpapersandsubmittedthemtobothconferenceandjournaleditorsandthosepaperswentthroughstrictpeer-reviewprocessandgotpublishedwithnodoubtatall!SomeScienceandNaturepapersareforged“Half”ScienceandNaturepaperscouldnotbeconfirmedlater(<1year)27第二十七頁，共三十頁。Metallurgy&CeramicFuelCells中南礦冶學(xué)院材料系壓加792班

(1979~1983)Metallurgy(1983-94,China&UK)Metallurgistbytrade(BS,1983)Taught&workedonMetallurgy

(1983~1992)MetallurgistatSheffield,UK(1992~1994)FuelCells(1994-2003,USA)AWUFellow@PNNL