托福聽力學(xué)科詞匯

TOEFL聽力學(xué)科詞匯

(basedonTPO)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zArt 3Arts 3Literature 10\o"CurrentDocument"Architecture 12\o"CurrentDocument"PhysicalScience 13\o"CurrentDocument"Geology地質(zhì)學(xué) 13\o"CurrentDocument"Astronomy天文學(xué) 18\o"CurrentDocument"Physics物理學(xué) 23\o"CurrentDocument"Chemistry化學(xué) 28LifeScience 33\o"CurrentDocument"Zoology動物學(xué) 33\o"CurrentDocument"AnimalBehavior動物行為 39\o"CurrentDocument"Physiology生理生化 42\o"CurrentDocument"Botany植物學(xué) 45\o"CurrentDocument"Speciology物種學(xué) 50\o"CurrentDocument"Ecology生態(tài)學(xué) 51SocialScience 54\o"CurrentDocument"Archaeology考古學(xué) 54\o"CurrentDocument"Business經(jīng)濟(jì)商學(xué) 56\o"CurrentDocument"History歷史 60\o"CurrentDocument"Psychology心理學(xué) 61\o"CurrentDocument"Anthropology人類學(xué) 64\o"CurrentDocument"Sociology社會學(xué) 64\o"CurrentDocument"Philosophy哲學(xué) 64\o"CurrentDocument"Politics政治 65ArtArtsstyle[stail]n.風(fēng)格【頻】6【例】TPO1L1She,sgotaveryunusualstyle,comparedtsomeoftheartistswe,velookedatthisterm.technique[tek'nik]n.手法，技術(shù)【頻】6【例】TPO19L4Andthisissomething,atechniquethatyouwillfindinbothoftheirwork.gallery['g田lori]n.畫廊【頻】6【例】TPO1L1RememberIsaidthatatsomepointduringthissemesterIwantedyoutoattendanexhibitattheFairyStreetGalleryandthenwriteaboutit.painter['peinto]n.畫家【頻】5【例】TPO34L1LastweekwestartedtalkingaboutthepaintersandsculptorswhowerepartoftheartmovementcalledDada.【衍】Paintingn.繪畫，Paintv.繪畫artist[‘a(chǎn)rtist]n.藝術(shù)家【頻】5【例】TPO1L1ThenameoftheartistexhibitingthereisRoseFrantzen.play[plei]n.劇本【頻】5【例】TPO7L1Infact,someoftheplaywrightswouldstartbywritingtheendoftheplay.romantic[ro'mantik]a.浪漫的【頻】4【例】TPO27L4WellGoethewaspartoftheRomanticMovementinwesternliterature.【衍】Romancen.浪漫史、冒險(xiǎn)故事，Romanticistn.浪漫主義者，Romanticismn.浪漫主義theater['Bioto]n.戲院【頻】4【例】TPO12L3TheycarriedtheaterwiththemandoperaspecificallybecauseitwasanItalianform.portrait['portrot]n.肖像【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Frantzenhadtopaintotherpeople,sportraitsatplaceslikeartfairsjusttomakemoneytobuypaintforhermoreseriousartwork.【衍】Portraituren.肖像畫，Portraitistn.肖像畫家，Portrayv.描繪genre[?anro]n.類型【頻】3【例】TPO30L41thinkit,sfairtosaythatthesoundoftheelectricguitartypifiestherock,nrolgenre.scene[si:n]n.景象【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Alotofimpressionistartistspaintedeverydayscenes,likepeopleonthestreetsandincafes,lotsofnaturescenes,especiallylandscapes.【衍】Sceneryn.舞臺布景，風(fēng)景recital[ri'saitl]n.獨(dú)奏會【頻】3【例】TPO24L2Byagefourteen,shewasteachingherfreedancetoyoungchildrenandgivingrecitals.【衍】Recitativea.吟誦的depict[di'pikt]v.描畫【頻】3【例】TPO1L1Itdidn,tdepictscenesormodelsexactlyastheylooked.【衍】Depictionn.描畫classical['k底sikl]a.古典的【頻】3【例】TPO16L4Aspianobecamemoreavailable,theybroughtclassicalmusic,themusicwhichpreviouslyhadbeencomposedonlyfortheupperclasses.patron['petron]n.贊助人，主顧【頻】2【例】TPO16L4Well,Idon,thavetospellitoutforyou,thelikesanddislikesofthepatron,thiswould,vehadaneffectonwhatwasbeingcomposedandperformed.【衍】Patronagen.贊助brushstroke[bruj’strok]n,繪畫技巧【頻】2【例】TPO1L1Impressionistpainterstendedtoapplypaintreallythickly,andinbigbrushstrokes.ballet[b田'lei]n,芭蕾【頻】2【例】TPO24L2AsIsaid,inclassicalballet,emotionsareconveyedthroughasetofstrictlyformalizedmovements.【衍】Ballerinan,芭蕾舞女演員composer[kom'poza]n.作曲家【頻】2【例】TPO16L4Thereweremanyotherinfluencesoncomposers.【衍】Composev.作曲texture['tekstfb]n.質(zhì)地，紋理【頻】2【例】TPO1L1Thetextureofthecanvaswasrough.charcoal['tfakol]n,木炭，炭筆【頻】2【例】TPO3L3There,scharcoalmarksfromtheirtorchesonthecavewallsclearlydatingfromthousandsofyearsafterthepaintingsweremade.parchment['partfment]n,羊皮紙【頻】2【例】TPO15L3Duringthe1400s,whenprintingwasbeingdeveloped,paperbecamethepredominantmaterialforbooksinEurope,butpriortothat,itwasparchment.manuscript['m田njuskript]n.手稿，原稿【頻】2【例】TPO15L3Beforetheinventionofprintingandtheprintingpress,allbooks,allmanuscriptswerehand-made.realism[‘riolizom]n,現(xiàn)實(shí)主義【頻】2【例】TPO1L1You,veprobablystudiedbothofthesemovementsseparatelyRealismandImpressionism,insomeofyourarthistorycourses.【衍】Realistica.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的，Realistn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者impressionism[im'prejbnzzsm]n.印象主義【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Impressionismstartedinthelate19thcentury.【衍】Impressionistn.印象主義者exhibit[ig'zibit]n.展示會【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Well,theexhibitthatIwantyoutoattendiscomingup.canvas['k田nvos]n.帆布【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Thetextureofthecanvaswasrough.bleak[blik]a.陰冷的，黯淡的【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Theoverallscenegivesanimpressionofacold,bleakwinterdayonafarm.blurry['bl3：r]a.模糊的【頻】1【例】TPO1L1Youcanreallyseethosebroadbrushstrokesandtheblurrylines.expressive[ik'spresiv]a.表現(xiàn)的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Well,forme,itisherfaceandhands,Ithinktheyarereallyexpressive.【衍】Expressionn.表現(xiàn)、表達(dá)，Expressionistn.表現(xiàn)主義藝術(shù)家contemplative[kon'templotiv]a.沉思的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Theymakethewomanseemverycontemplative,seemslikesheisthinkingprettyseriouslyaboutsomething.【衍】Contemplatev.沉思，Contemplationn.沉思contrastingcolors對比色【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Whatstrikesmeisthecontrastingcolors,thewhitedressandthedarkbackground.vague[veig]a.模糊的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Well,thebackgroundbehindthewomanisprettyvague.conventional[ksn'venjbnl]a.常見的，傳統(tǒng)的【頻】1【例】TPO19L4Now,theundefinedbackgroundalsoshowshowCeciliaBeauxwasinfluencedbytheFrenchImpressionists,whobelieved,likeBeauxinapersonalratherthanconventionalapproachtotheirsubjectmatter.boldcolor亮色【頻】1【例】TPO21L4First,Neel,suseofboldcolor.critic['kritik]n.批評家，評論家【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Somecriticshaddeclaredthegenreofportraituretobedead.【衍】Criticala.批評的，Criticizev.批評，Criticismn.批評abstractart抽象派藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Butkeepinmindthatshewasdoingthiswhenabstractartdominatedtheartscene.fashionable['f到hobl]a.流行的，時(shí)髦的【頻】1【例】TPO21L4Representationsofpeopleweren,tfashionableintheartworld.【衍】Fashionn,時(shí)尚Primarycolor原色【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Asyouprobablyknow,primarycolorsare,theoreticallyspeaking,thebasiccolorsfromwhichallothercolorscanbemade.Secondarycolor次生色【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Butasyou,llfindoutwhenyoustartworkingonyourpaintingprojects,thethreeprimarycolors-red,blue,yellow-don,talwaysmakethebestsecondarycolors.Prism['prizom]n.棱鏡【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Heusedaprismtobreakwhitelightdownintothevariouscolorsofthespectrum.chromatics[kro'm田tiks]n.色彩學(xué)【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Scientistsstudyingopticsandchromaticstodaystillmarvelathisfindings.【衍】Chromatica.彩色的symbolize['simbolaiz]v.作為...象征【頻】1【例】TPO27L4Hisideasaboutwhatcolorssymbolize,abouttheemotionsthatdifferentcolorsinspirewerebasedonthecolorsred,yellowandblue.【衍】Symboln,象征、符號，Symbolica,象征的，Symbolismn,象征主義、記號Film-maker電影制作人【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Andinthatcontext,todaywearegoingtotalkaboutafilm-makerwhobeganmakingveryuniquefilmsinthelate1920s.clip[klip]n.（影片）剪輯【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Hemighttakeaclipofamolluskgoingupanddowninthewaterandsetittomusic.documentary['dakjo'mentri]n.紀(jì)錄片【頻】1【例】TPO3L2Hesetthestandardreallyforthenaturedocumentary.【衍】Documentaristn.紀(jì)錄片制片人primitive['primitiv]a.原始的【頻】1【例】TPO3L3Ithinkyouwillagreewithmethatthisartisanythingbutprimitive.masterpiece['m田stopis]n.杰作【頻】1【例】TPO3L3Theyaremasterpieces.Studio['studio]n.畫室，工作室，電影（音樂）制片廠【頻】1【例】TPO8L2Thepaintingdepictsanactivecrowdedstudiowithwomendrawingandpaintingalivemodel.Salon['s包。n]n.畫廊，美術(shù)展覽館【頻】1【例】TPO8L2Youcanhaveapaintingorsculptureinthesalonandgobacktoyourhomecountrysayingyou,vebeenasuccessintheParis.scribe[skraib]n.抄寫員，作家【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Soitwasn,tuncommonfOrthescribesormonkswhoproducethemanuscripts.Palimpsest['p田lim（p）sest]n.重寫本【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Amanuscriptpagethatwaswrittenon,erasedandthenusedagainiscalledapalimpsest.Papyrusscrolls古本手卷【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Thiswasextremelyfortunate,sincelateron,theoriginalpapyrusscrollsdisappeared.preserve[pr'Z0：v]v.保存【頻】1【例】TPO15L3Sothepages,thepiecesofparchmentthemselves,hadbeenpreserved.stainedglass彩色玻璃【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Stainedglassofcourseissimplyglassthathasbeencoloredandcutintopiecesandre-assembledtoformapictureoradecorativedesign.Metalliccompound金屬化合物【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Yougotspecificcolorsbyaddingmetalliccompoundstotheotherglassmakingingredients.Paleolithic[,p田liou'liBik]a.舊石器時(shí)代的【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Today,wewillbecoveringtheUpperPaleolithicPeriod,whichIamroughlydefiningastheperiodfrom35000to8000B.C.【衍】Neolithica.新石器時(shí)代的Stratigraphy[stro'tigrofi]n.地層學(xué)【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Stratigraphyisusedfordatingportableart.【衍】Stratumn.地層，Stratificationn.層理Radiocarbon[,reidi3u'ka:b（3）n]n.放射性碳【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Thathadtodowithchemicalanalysis,somethingtodowithmeasuringtheamountofradiocarbonleftintheorganicstuff.Prehistoricart史前藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Soitturnsoutthatradiocarbondatingworksforalotofprehistoricart.artifact['a:to,能kt]n.手工藝品【頻】1【例】TPO17L1Don,tgetmewrongthough,analyzingthestylesofprehistoricartifactscanhelpdatingthem.sculpture['skAlptfb]n.雕塑【頻】2【例】TPO17L1Andnowyoucanseewhywedon,thaveanexactdateforoursculpture“theladywiththehood”.statue['s品骯:]n.雕塑【頻】1【例】TPO18L2TheybeganmakingcopiesoftheGreekstatues.plastercast石膏模型【頻】1【例】TPO18L2Whattheydidwastheymadeplastercastsfrommoldsofthesculptures.Opera['apr。]n.歌劇，歌劇院【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Thewordoperameanswork,actuallyitmeansworks.Renaissance[Rnosans]n.文藝復(fù)興【頻】1【例】TPO12L3TheytookclassicaltheaterandreproduceditintheRenaissanceStime.scularizationLsekjoloro'zeJbn]n.世俗化【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Duringthoseyears,severalthingshappened-primarilylinguisticorthematicandbothinvolvingsecularization.【衍】Secularizev,還俗melodrama['melsdrams]n.情節(jié)劇，音樂劇【頻】1【例】TPO12L3ItisthemelodiousdramaofancientGreektheater,thetermmelodiousdramabeingshortenedeventuallytomelodrama.cadence['keid(s)ns]n.節(jié)奏，韻律【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Andthemusicwassecondary,ifyouwill,tothedramaticcadenceoflanguage.Chivalry[了工vslri]n.騎士精神，騎士制度【頻】1Epic['epik]a.史詩的【頻】1【例】TPO12L3Theyreliedonmythologytogivethemtheircharactersandtheirplots,thenovelsofchivalryortheepicsofchivalryoutofthemiddleages.Broadway['brodwe工]n.百老匯【頻】1【例】TPO12L3ButBroadwaymusicalsfulfilledasimilarfunctionforagreatlongwhile.Baroque[bs'rok]n,巴洛克式的藝術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO16L4UpuntilnowinourdiscussionsandreadingsabouttheBaroqueearlyclassicalperiods,we,vebeentalkingaboutthedevelopmentofmusicalstylesandgenres.harpsichord['ha:psikod]n.大鍵琴【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Unliketheharpsichordwhichcamebeforeit,thepianoisapercussioninstrument.clarinet[kl田ri'net]n.單簧管【頻】1Transverseflute長笛【頻】1【例】TPO16L4We,veseeninthedevelopmentofsomecftheinstruments,yourememberthetransverseflute,theclarinetandsoon.percussion[p^'kAfbn]n.打擊樂器【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Thisstrikingactioniswhythepianoisapercussioninstrumentinsteadofastringinstrument.virtuoso[,v3tfu'oso]n.藝術(shù)大師【頻】1【例】TPO16L4Claragrewuptobecomeawell-knownandrespectedpianovirtuoso.accompaniment?kAmponimont]n.伴奏【頻】1【例】TPO22L4Eventheveryfirstpublicprojectionofamoviehadpianopilation[,kamp'leijbn]n.編輯【頻】1【例】TPO22L4Usuallyacompilationofamusicthatalreadyexistedwouldbeused.violin[,vaio'lin]n.小提琴【頻】3【例】TPO27L2Butit,sgenerallythoughtthattheacousticalqualityofmodernviolinsdoesn,tliveuptothequalityofthevintageones.【衍】Violinistn.小提琴家craftsmanship['kr田ftsmonjlp]n.技藝，技術(shù)【頻】1【例】TPO27L2Theirdimensions,shape,theirfingerboardheight,andgeneralcraftsmanship.Nationalism['n到nolizom]n.國家主義，民族主義【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Ijustfinishedreviewingyourpapersontheinfluenceofnationalismonthecomposers,music.lyrical['lirikl]a.抒情詩調(diào)的【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Thesemusicpieceswerelongandlyrical.ethnomusicologist['e0nomjuziko'lod3ist]n.人種音樂學(xué)家【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Hewasanethnomusicologist,andhestudiedthetraditionalmusicoftheregion.glissando[gli'sando]n.滑奏，滑音【頻】1【例】TPO25L2Helikedtouseglissandoashishallmark.electricguitar電吉他【頻】1【例】TPO30L4Eachdesignwasintendedtoalterthesoundinsomeway,atfirstatleastwiththeelectricguitar,tomakeitlouder.steelguitar夏威夷吉他【頻】1【例】TPO30L4Thatledtothelapguitarwhichisalsocalledthesteelguitar.enamor[in'田mo]v.迷戀，傾心【頻】1【例】TPO30L4USsailorswhowerestationedinHawaiiwereveryenamoredwiththemusictheyheardthere.fresco['freskou]n.壁畫【頻】1【例】TPO26L4Sofarwehavebeentalkingallsemesteraboutrestoringandpreservingpiecesofart,likeancientfrescoesandearlyoilpaintings.labyrinth['底borin。]n.迷宮【頻】1【例】TPO33L4Mazesorlabyrinths,astheyarealsocalled,wereverycommoninRenaissancegardens.Screendance屏幕上的舞蹈【頻】1【例】TPO23L4Screendancewhichisrelativelynew,isn,tforeveryone.choreography[,kor工bgrofi]n.編舞【頻】1【例】TPO23L4Thequestionwehavetoaskis,what,sthedifferencebetweenchoreographyfOraliveperformanceandchoreographyforonscreenviewing?【衍】Choreographv.設(shè)計(jì)舞蹈動作Moderndance現(xiàn)代舞【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Ithinkthebestanalogytomoderndanceismodernartormodernmusic.tunic['tju:nik]a.束腰外衣【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Duncanworeloose,flowingtunics,andshedancebarefoot.pantomime['p田ntomaim]n.啞居U【頻】1【例】TPO24L2SomesaidDuncan,sartformwasclosertopantomimethantodance.acrobatic儂kro'b田tik]a.雜技的【頻】1【例】TPO24L2Afterseeingthis,Duncanpubliclydenouncedballetasaformofacrobatics,complicatedandexcruciatingmechanismshecalledit.LiteratureLiterature['lzt(o)rotfb]n.文學(xué)【頻】5【例】TPO4L2BeforeIwasaliteratureprofessor,Iwasanaccountant.poem['pou[m]n.詩【頻】5【例】TPO13L3Ithoughtpoemswereshorter,theseweremorelikelongstories.【衍】Poetryn.詩歌藝術(shù)，Poetn.詩人novel['na:vl]n.小說【頻】2【例】TPO27L4Hewrotemanyfamousnovels,plays,poems.【衍】Novelistn.小說家fiction['fzkjbn]n.小說【頻】210【例】TPO3L2Infact,Painlevewasknownforsayingthatscienceisfiction.【衍】Fictionala.虛構(gòu)的、小說的Fairytale童話故事【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Withfairytales,thelocationisgenerallyunspecified.character['k田rokt。]n.角色【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Butalltheotherelements,likethelocationorcharacters,mightbemodifiedforeachaudience.plot[plat]n.情節(jié)【頻】3【例】TPO5L4Nottheplot,thedetailsofwhathappensinthestorywouldremainconstant.Drama['drams]n.戲居U【頻】2【例】TPO7L1Wefirstneedtolookatanearlyformofdramaknownasthewell-madeplay,beginningwithsomeearly19thcenturycomediesinFranceprovedverysuccessfulcommercially.【衍】Comedyn.喜劇Folktale民間故事【頻】2【例】TPO5L4Theyseemtobelessrealisticthanfolktales.version['v3：J（3）n]n.版本【頻】1【例】TPO5L4Everystorytellermighthavehadaslightlydifferentversionofthesamefolktale.essay['esei]n.散文【頻】1【例】TPO4L2YouwillbereadingoneofEmerson,sbes-knownessays.sketch[sketf]n.素描，梗概【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Whilewritingcharactersketches,dothinkaboutdetails.stereotype['steristaip]n.刻板印象【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Don,tmakeyourcharacterintoastereotype.cliche['kli:Jei]n.陳詞濫調(diào)【頻】1【例】TPO6L3Becarefulnottomakehimintotheclicheoftheraggedmountaindweller.Medieval[,midi'ivsl]a.中世紀(jì)的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Thetwopoemswearelookingattodayfallintothecategoryofmedievaltimes.rhythm['ridsm]n.節(jié)奏，韻律【頻】1【例】TPO13L3It,swrittentomaketheaudiencehavesomekindsofpredictablerhythm.Heroicdeeds英雄事跡【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittentodescribetheheroicdeedsoractionsofwarriors.nobility[no'bilsti]n.貴族【頻】111【例】TPO13L3Theywerewrittenfortheknightsandthenobilitythattheyserved.minstrel['mznstrsl]n.吟游詩人【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Thepoemsweresongsperformedbyaminstrel,singerwhotraveledfromcastletocastle.patriotic[peitribtik]a,愛國的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Hearingthesongsprobablymadethemfeelmorepatriotic.【衍】Patriotn.愛國者Patriotismn.愛國主義troubadour['trubodor]n.行吟詩人【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Manytroubadourwereabletomakealivingbeingfulltimepoets.biographical[,baio'gr田fikl]a.傳記的【頻】1【例】TPO13L3Theyoftenhadsmallbiographicalsketchesaddedtotheirpoems.【衍】Biographyn.傳記，Autobiographyn.自傳Folklegend民間傳說【頻】1【例】TPO20L3Likefolklegends,theyhavebeenpasseddownorally.playwright['pleirait]n.劇作家【頻】1【例】TPO7L1Thisbecamesopopularthattheplaywrightalmosthadtoincludeitineveryplay.denouement[deinu'maq]n.結(jié)局【頻】1【例】TPO7L1Butthedenouementofferstheaudiencealogicalconclusion.ArchitectureAcoustics[s'kustzk]n.聲學(xué)，音質(zhì)【頻】3【例TPO29L2Itwasnotuntilthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturythatarchitecturalacousticsbecameascientificfield.downtown['daun'taun]n.市中心【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Ingeneral,downtownareasjustdon,thavethatmanyresidentialareas,notthatmanypeoplelivethere.pedestrian[po'destrion]n.彳亍人【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareaoftheximity[prak'simoti]n,鄰近，接近【頻】1【例】TPO13L1Proximitytopotentialcustomers,we,llcallacustomerbase.auditorium[,odi'toriom]n.禮堂，會堂【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Nowpeoplehavebeenconcernedabouthowsoundcarriesinauditoriumsandtheatersforatleast2000years.reverberation[ri,v^bo'refbn]n.回響12【頻】1【例】TPO29L2WallaceSabinestartedtodoextensivestudiesonreverberation.【衍】Reverberatev.回響symphony['szmfsni]n.交響樂【頻】1orchestra[brkistro]n.管弦樂對【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Ireadthatconcerthallsdesignedforsymphonyorchestrashavetoomuchechoforjazzmusic.rectangular[rek'tyqgjola]a.矩形的【頻】1【例】TPO29L2Let,ssayyoudesignarectangularbox-likespacewithbarewallsandceiling.chandelier[廬ndo'lio]n.枝形吊燈【頻】1【例】TPO29L2BeautifulcrystalChandeliersareverygoodatdiffusingsound.hexagonal[hek's^gsnl]a.六邊形的【頻】1【例】TPO32L4Theroomsinsidethehousewerealsohexagonalsix-sided.PhysicalScienceGeology地質(zhì)學(xué)range[rendj]n.范圍；幅度；山脈【頻】43【例】TPO1L2Mostofusthoughtthesandhadcomefromanancientmountainrangefairlyclosebythatflattenedoutovertime.That,sbeentheconventionalwisdomamonggeologistsforquitesometime.cave[keiv]n.洞穴，窯洞【頻】38【例】TPO16L1NowtherearesomeprettyinterestingcavesinpartsofthewesternUnitedStates,especiallyinnationalparks.Thereisonepartthathasoverahundredcaves,includingsomeofthelargestonesintheworld.ore[or]n.礦；礦石【頻】32【例】TPO32L3Itwasn,ttheminingitselfthatcausedsuchmassivedestruction.Itwaswhathappenedafterthecopperorewasextractedfromthemines.coral['korol]n.珊瑚；珊瑚蟲【頻】31【例】TPO27L1wehavebeenfairlythoroughinourdiscussionaboutcoralreefs,whichofcourseareprominent,oceanicfeaturesmadeofhardlimestoneskeletonsproducedbytinycoralanimals.Tectonicplate[tek'tnnikpleit]n.板塊【頻】31【例】TPO31L2Thesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.Overtime,thetectonicplatesmoveandshift,whichmovesthecontinentsandtheoceanfloorstoo.glacier['glef>]n.冰河，冰川【頻】2813【例】TPO7L4It,sreallyknownthatnosecretthattheglaciersflowbecauseofgravity.Buthowtheyflow,thewaytheyflow,needssomeexplaining.【衍】glacialadj.冰的；冰河時(shí)代的；glaciationn,冰川作用；凍結(jié)成冰；glaciatev.使冰凍；被冰凍蓋；使受冰川作用；atmosphere[岳tmosfir]n.氣氛；大氣；空氣【頻】26【例】TPO20L2Thereisthemostcarbondioxideandmethanegas,uh,greenhousegasesintheatmospherejustafterthebeginningoftheinterglacialperiod.【衍】aatmosphericadj.大氣的，大氣層的；basin['besn]n.流域；盆地【頻】25【例】TPO33L2TheColoradoRiverbasinisaregionintheSouthwestUnitedStates.SevenstatesrelyontheColorado,swater.Andasyoucanimagine,asthepopulationsofthesestatesbegantogrow,itbecameclearthatasystemtodistribute,uh,tomakesureeachstategotitsfairshareofwater.desert['dez^t]n.沙漠；荒原【頻】24【例】TPO6L4AtaboutthesametimethattheSaharawasbecomingadesert...hmm...5,000yearsago,EgyptreallybegantoflourishoutintheNileRivervalley.【衍】desertificationn.荒漠化；沙漠化；desertern.逃兵；背棄者；desertionn,遺棄；開小差；逃亡；Arctic['arktik]adj.北極的；極寒的n.北極圈【頻】23【例】TPO24C2WhathappensisthatthecoldArcticairblowsacrossthelakefromthenorthinwinter.Andastheaircrossesthelake,thelowerlayeriswarmedbythelakewater.continent['kantinont]n.洲，陸地【頻】22【例】TPO31L2Soifanoceanfloortectonicplatemeetstheedgeofacontinentandtheypushagainsteachother,theheavieronesinksdownandgoesundertheotherone.【衍】continentaladj.大陸的；大陸性的Sediment['sedimont]n,沉積；沉淀物【頻】18【例】TPO10L3ThefishingindustryhelpsbringPhosphorusbacktoland.InthenormalwaterphasetheremainingPhosphorusmakesitsway,settlestothebottomoftheoceanandgetsmixedintooceansediments.【衍】sedimentaryadj.沉淀的；sedimentationn.沉降；limestone['laimston]n,[巖]石灰?guī)r【頻】11【例】TPO16L1Sulfuricacideatsawayatlimestoneveryaggressively.Soyougetbiggercracksandthenpassagewaysbeingformedalongtheopeningsintherock.distribute[di'stribjut]vt.分配；散布【頻】10【例】TPO33L2Withthedemandforwaterinthebasinstaysincreasingandwiththereallikelihoodoflowerflowsintheriver,ifhistoryisourteacher,wecandevelopinnovativemethodsofwaterconservationandreevaluatehowwaterisdistributed.【衍】distributionn.分布；分配；distributorn.經(jīng)銷商；[電]分配器；分配者；crack[kr^k]vi.破裂；n,裂縫【頻】914【例】TPO16L1Youhavewaterfromthesurface,streams,waterfallorwhatever-movingwaterthatflowsthroughcracksfoundinthelimestone.It’sthemovingwateritselfthatwearsawayattherockandmakespassageways.【衍】crackern.爆竹；胡桃鉗crater['kreta]n.火山口【頻】9【例】TPO5L2Anywatermoleculesthatfoundtheirwaytothefloorsofcratersnearthemoon,spoles,thatwaterwouldbeperpetuallyfrozen,becausethefloorsofthosecratersarealwaysinshadow.ridge[ridj]n.山脊；山脈【頻】9【例】TPO9L3Soduringthesecondrainyperiod,theduneswerekindofchoppedupatthetop,fullofhollowsandridges,andthesehollowswould'vecapturedtherainrightthereonthetop.reef[rif]n.暗礁；[地質(zhì)]礦脈【頻】8【例】TPO27L1Recently,researchershaveuseddatacollectedbymonitoringsurfacewatertemperaturestoimprovetheabilityofareeftorecoverfrombleaching.【衍】reefyadj.多暗灘的；多暗礁的split[split]vt.分離；劈開；n.裂縫【頻】8【例】TPO31L2Well,theseafloorisspilt.Thereisaridge,amountainrangethatrunsnorthandsouththere.AndtherockmaterialflowsupfromEarth,sinteriorhere,atthesplit,whichforcesthetwosidesoftheoceanfloortospreadapart,tomakeroomforthenewrockmaterial.【衍】n.splitter分離機(jī)，分流器；分解器，拆分器；core[kor]n.核心；地心【頻】7【例】TPO26L3Now,yourememberfromourpreviousdiscussionthatacomet,snucleus,itscore,ismadeupoficeanddust,likeafrozensnowball.crust[krAst]n.地殼；外殼【頻】7【例】TPO31L2Aswe,vediscussed,Earth,scrustismadeupoflargeplatesthatrestonamantleofmoltenrock.Theseplates…uh…nowthesetectonicplatessupportthecontinentsandoceans.【衍】crustyadj.有殼的；crustaladj.殼的，地殼的；mantle['m田ntl]n.地幔；覆蓋物【頻】7【例】TPO31L2Astheoceanfloorplatebeginstosinkdownintothemantle,itwoulddragorpulltheentireplatealongwithit.Somoreandmoreofthisplate,theoceanfloor,wouldgodownunderthecontinentintothemantle.slide[slaid]vi.滑動；滑落；n.雪崩【頻】7【例】TPO7L3Soiceatthebaseoftheglaciermelts.Andthisresultsinathinlayerofwaterbetweentheglacierandtheground.Thislayerofwaterreducesfrictionis...islikealubricant.Anditallowstheglaciertoslideorslipoverthebedrock.【衍】n.slider滑動器；滑雪者；滾動之物canyon['k田njon]n.峽谷【頻】615【例】TPO1L2Now,wegeologiststhoughtwehadaprettygoodideaofhowtheGrandcanyoninthesouthwesternUnitedStateswasformed.Weknewthatitwasformedfromsandstonethatsolidifiedsomewherebetween150and300millionyearsago.lava['lav。]n.火山巖漿；熔巖【頻】6【例】TPO24L4Now,thelavaonVenusisthin.Itspreadsouteasily.Soshieldvolcanoeshaveverygentleslopingsides.Theyarecalledshieldvolcanoes.hemisphere['hemisfir]n.半球【頻】5【例】TPO17L2Whichmakesearth,andinparticular,thenorthernhemisphere,warmer.Andwhyisthatimportant?well,becausemostoftheplanet,sglaciersareinthenorthernhemisphere,andifitgetstoowarm,thenglacierswillstopforming.【衍】hemisphericadj.半球的，半球形狀的；mineral['minorol]n.礦物；無機(jī)物【頻】5【例】TPO17L2Overmillionsofyears,groundwaterleftdepositsofamineralcalledcalcite,ontherockwithinDevil'sHole.Andbystudyingtheseclacitedeposits,wecandeterminetheclimateconditions,thetemperaturesoverthelasthalfmillionyears.【衍】minen.礦，礦藏；礦山，礦井；mineralogyn.礦物學(xué)；minev.開采，采掘；mineralizev.使礦物化；precipitation[pri'sipo'teJbn]n.降水，降雨【頻】5【例】TPO9L2Second,mostoftheprecipitationintheArcticisintheformofsnow.Andthesnow,whichblanketsthegroundinthewinter,actuallyhasaninsulatingeffectonthesoilbeneathit.【衍】precipitatev.沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成為雨或雪等；swamp[swamp]n.沼澤；濕地【頻】5【例】TPO11L3Wetlandsareareasofmarshy,swampyland,areaswherewatercoversthesoil,orispresenteitheratornearthesurfaceofthesoilforalargepartoftheyear.【衍】swampyadj.沼澤的；濕地的；松軟的eruption[i'rApJbn]n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)【頻】3【例】TPO24L4It'squitepossiblethatthisisduetovolcaniceruptions,becausevolcaniceruptionsoftenemitgases.Ifthat'sthecase,volcanismcouldverywellbetherootcauseofVenus'sthickcloudcover.【衍】adj.eruptive暴發(fā)的，噴出的；eruptv.爆發(fā)，噴出；evaporate[i'v田poret]vi.蒸發(fā)，揮發(fā)【頻】3【例】TPO6L4Lessvegetationmeansthesoilcan,tholdwateraswell,thesoillosesitsabilitytoretainwaterwhenitdoesrain.Sothenyouhavelessmoisturetohelpcloudsform,nothingtoevaporateforcloudformation.Andthenthecyclecontinues,lessrain,driersoil,lessvegetation,fewerclouds,lessrainetc.etc..【衍】evaporableadj.易蒸發(fā)性的，易揮發(fā)的；evaporationn.蒸發(fā)，消失；extract['ekstr田kt]vt.開采，提煉【頻】3【例】TPO32L3Itwasn,ttheminingitselfthatcausedsuchmassivedestruction.Itwaswhathappenedafterthecopperorewasextractedfromthemines.16【衍】extractableadj.可抽出的，可榨出的；e