詞匯學(xué)練習(xí)題

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)1.Inflectionalaffixesarethoseaffixesthatareattachedtotheendofwordstoindicate .A.lexicalrelationshipsB.grammaticalrelationshipsC.functionalrelationshipsD.syntaxstructure答案：B解析：（P41）詞綴按照其功能可以分成兩類：屈折詞綴和派生詞綴。屈折詞綴是加在詞的結(jié)尾表示語法關(guān)系的詞綴，而派生詞綴是和其他詞素連接，生成新詞的詞綴。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?A.Aphonemeisthesmallestunitofsound.B.Agraphemeisthesmallestunitofwriting.C.Asememeisthesmallestunitofmeaning.D.Amorphemeisthesmallestunitofaword.答案：D解析：（P38）詞素是最小的、有意義的語言單位。換句話說，詞素是“在詞語的構(gòu)成中最小的、起作用的語言單位”。3.Whichofthefollowingisacaseofsuffixation?A.Hemisphere.B.Attempt.C.NATO.D.Respondent.答案：D解析：（P48～49）后綴法（suffixation）指的是通過給詞干（stems）加后綴而形成新詞的方法。題目中的“respondent”意為“應(yīng)答者；被告”，是由respond通過增添后綴形成的?！癶emisphere”是通過前綴法（prefixation）形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音詞（acronym）；“attempt”是通過轉(zhuǎn)類法形成的。4.Thecharacteristicofnativewordsis .A.neutralinstyleB.formalinstyleC.informalinstyleD.slangyinstyle答案：A解析：（P17）和外來語詞不同的是，本族語詞具有“文體中性”和“使用頻繁”的特點(diǎn)。5.__explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.A.EtymologicalmotivationB.SemanticmotivationC.MorphologicalmotivationD.Onomatopoeicmotivation答案：B解析：（P85）語義理據(jù)指的是由詞的概念意義激發(fā)出的對詞的相關(guān)聯(lián)想，它可以解釋詞的字面意義和比喻意義的聯(lián)系。6.Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothethreeareas: .A.denotation,connotationandintensityB.connotation,intensityandapplicationC.denotation,connotationandapplicationD.connotation,implicationandapplication答案：C解析：（P107～110）同義詞之間的差異主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：外延（denotation），內(nèi)涵（connotation），以及各自的應(yīng)用（application）。7.Antonymsareoftenusedinproverbsto__A.formantithesistoachieveemphasisB.expressideaseasilyC.formmetaphorsD.expressideaseconomically答案：A解析：（P116）反義詞（antonyms）常常被放置在一起形成對偶（antithesis）,以此起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。許多格言、諺語都有此特征，例如：morehaste,lessspeed（欲速則不達(dá)）。8.Thesentence"Heisabigwheel."means .A.hehasabigcircleB.hislegsarelongC.hiscarhasbigwheelsD.heisaveryimportantperson答案D解析：（P174～175）題目中的“bigwheel”是個(gè)習(xí)語，意思是“重要的人物”，多用于口語。9.Accordingtothetextbook,thebest-knownunabridgeddictionaryis .A.TheWordBookDictionaryB.TheEncyclopediaAmericanaC.WebstersNewWorldDictionaryD.WebstersThirdNewInternationalDictionary答案：D解析：(P186)最具知名度的一本完整版大詞典是《韋伯斯特新世界詞典》（第三版），它擁有詞條450,000個(gè)10.WhichofthefollowingcanbesaidaboutaBritishdictionary?A.ItisalwaysbetterthananAmericandictionary.B.OnecanalwaysexpecttofindAmericanusagesinit.C.OnecanneverexpecttofindAmericanusagesinit.D.Ittendstoincludemoregrammaticalinformation.答案：D（P190）與英國的詞典相比，美國的詞典包含更多百科全書的知識。英國詞典，尤其是學(xué)生詞典，所含語法信息較多。11.Theintroductionof_____hadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.A.HinduismB.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.Islam答案：B解析：（P25）基督教（Christianity）的引入對英語的詞匯影響很大，帶來了諸如abbot（修道院院長），candle（蠟燭），altar（圣壇）等詞匯。12.____istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context答案：B解析：（P82）概念(concept)超越了語言本身，它是人們認(rèn)知行為的結(jié)果，是客觀世界在人腦中的反映。13.Itisnoticeablethat___overlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaning答案：D解析：（P92）搭配意義是在一個(gè)詞與另外的詞進(jìn)行搭配時(shí)產(chǎn)生的意義。它的意義由在其前后和其搭配的詞體現(xiàn)出來，這一點(diǎn)它和文體意義（stylisticmeaning）和情感意義（affectivemeaning）產(chǎn)生了重合，因?yàn)楹蠖叩囊饬x在某種程度上也是靠其搭配詞語來體現(xiàn)的。14.Fromasynchronicpointofview,theword"wife"experiencedthesemanticchangeof .A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation答案：B：（P137）從共時(shí)性（synchronic）角度來看，wife一詞經(jīng)歷了意義的縮??；其原義為“婦女”，縮小后的意義為“妻子”。15.BothLDCEandCCELDare__A.generaldictionariesB.monolingualdictionariesC.bothAandBD.neitherAnorB答案：B解析：（P185)《朗文當(dāng)代英文詞典》（LDCE）和《科林斯英語詞典》（CCELD)在英國出版，兩者都是單語詞典。16.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof__ .A.humourB.sarcasmC.ridiculeD.alltheabove答案：D解析：（P102）同音異形異義詞（homophones）根據(jù)其自身發(fā)音的特點(diǎn)，可以用來制造一些特定的文學(xué)效果，表達(dá)特殊的感情色彩，例如幽默、諷刺和嘲笑等。17.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanlanguageisthoughttobeahighly language.A.inflectedB.derivativeC.developedD.analytic答案：A解析：（P23）史前的印歐語言和現(xiàn)代語言有很大的不同，前者是一種具有高度屈折性的語言。18.MostEnglishwordscanbesaidtobeA.non-motivatedB.MotivatedC.ConnectedD.related答案：A解析：（P83）理據(jù)（motivation）表示的是語言符號和其意義之間的關(guān)系。詞的形式和其意義之間的關(guān)系是約定俗成的，大多數(shù)的詞都是非理據(jù)詞（non-motivated）。19.ReferenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheA.speakersB.listenersC.worldD.specificcountry答案：C解析：（P81）“所指”表示的是語言和客觀世界之間的關(guān)系。通過“所指”，說話者才能將所談?wù)摰膶ο笾该鳌?0."Loudcolours"belongsto.A.transferofsensationsB.transferbetweenabstractmeaningsandconcretemeaningsC.transferfromobjectivemeaningstosubjectivemeaningsD.transferfromsubjectivemeaningstoobjectivemeanings答案：A解析：（P140～141）語義轉(zhuǎn)移是指原本指一種事物的詞轉(zhuǎn)而指代其他事物的語義變化現(xiàn)象。通感語義轉(zhuǎn)移（transferofsensations/sensationalsenseoftransfer）涉及兩種感覺之間的語義轉(zhuǎn)移，比如“l(fā)oudcolors”的意思是“亮色”，涉及聽覺和視覺之間的語義轉(zhuǎn)移。21.Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare.A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradationB.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradationC.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradationD.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation答案：A解析：（P135-139）詞義變化主要有以下四種：詞義的延伸（extension）、詞義的縮?。╪arrowing）、詞義的升華（elevation）和詞義的降格（degradation）。22."Playfastandloose"showsthefeatureofA.repetitionB.reiterationC.JuxtapositionD.rhyme答案：C（P174）并置（juxtaposition）是把不同的事物并列放置在一起（尤其是通常情況下不會并列存在的事物），通過對其進(jìn)行比較制造出新的效果。本題中“fast”和“l(fā)oose”是一對反義詞，“playfastandloose”的意思是“行為輕率，反復(fù)無常”。23.ThefollowingarealldenominalsuffixesEXCEPT .A.–fulB.–wiseC.–lessD.-ike答案：B解析：（P49,P51）B項(xiàng)的-wise是副詞后綴（adverbsuffix),其他三項(xiàng)均是名詞后綴（denominalsuffixes)。24."AIDS"isa(n) .A.initialismB.acronymC.compoundD.derivative答案：B解析：（P66）首字母拼音詞（acronym)是首字母縮略詞的一種，所不同的是，它所組成后的單詞仍可以按照一個(gè)正常詞的讀法來讀。AIDS即為一例。25.ThefollowingareallexamplesofneologismsEXCEPT .A.chilloutB.SARSC.futurologyD.screw-driver答案：D解析：（P15）D項(xiàng)“screw-driver”的意思是“螺絲刀”，不屬于新詞的范疇，而其余三項(xiàng)則都是新詞。26.WhichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutOldEnglish?A.OldEnglishborrowedheavilyfromLatinandotherlanguages.B.OldEnglishhasavocabularyof50,000to60,000.C.TheEnglishlanguagefrom450to1150isreferredtoasOldEnglish.D.OldEnglishwasmoreinflectedthanModernEnglish.答案：A解析：（P25～26）古英語的使用者從拉丁語和其他語言借用詞語的現(xiàn)象并沒有其后一段時(shí)期頻繁。因此，A項(xiàng)符合要求。27.Stylisticmeaningreferstothefeaturesof ofwords.A.formalityB.affectivenessC.appropriatenessD.partofspeech答案：A解析：（P88～89）文體意義（stylisticmeaning)是指詞語的正式程度（formality）。按照這個(gè)分類，詞語可以分為正式、非正式語、文言語、古語和俚語等。28.Collocationcanaffect A.themeaningofwordsB.thestructureofsentencesC.thespellingofwordsD.thefunctionofwords答案：A（P91）搭配意義是指在一個(gè)句子中一個(gè)詞受其臨近的詞的影響而產(chǎn)生的意義，這也就是說搭配可以影響一個(gè)詞的意義。29.Thechangeofidiomfrom"fortuneswheel"to"thewheeloffortune"isA.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening答案：B解析：（P177）一些英語習(xí)語中的某個(gè)成分是可以被替換的，而且在替換的同時(shí)這個(gè)習(xí)語的意思沒有變化。fortuneswheel和thewheeloffortune雖然形式不同，但是意義沒有區(qū)別。30. arebestviewedintermsofascalerunningbetweentwopolesorextremes.A.ContradictorytermsB.RelativetermsC.ContrarytermsD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：（P112）對立反義詞之間的差別可以通過在兩個(gè)根本對立的意義之間的不同層級的意義來體現(xiàn)，比如在old和young之間還有middle-aged這個(gè)層次。1.31.The(___)approachinlexicologicalstudyisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsatagiventime.P97）synchronic2.32.Contentwordsarechangingallthetimewhereas(__)wordsarestable.答案：（P16）functional3.33.Contrarytermsare(__)antonyms.答案：（P115）gradable4.34.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive(_)ofreferents.（P156）indication5.35.Linguisticdictionariesaimat(__)andexplainingtheirusagesinthe language.（P185）definingwords6.36.Therelationshipbetweensoundandthemeaningofawordis__答案：（P7～8）arbitrary7.37.Thesameidiommayshowdifferenceswhenitisassigneddifferent___meaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.P172）stylistic8.38.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone___whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.P102headword9.39.__istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowords orawordplusapartofanotherword（P63）Blending10.Thepairof“queer”and“odd”canserveasanexampleof__答案：（P105）relativesynonyms三、Definethefollowingterms.(15%)1.41.semanticchangeP31）Semanticchangemeansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed.2.42.suffixation（P48）Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.3.43.collocativemeaning（P91）Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.4.44.extension（P135）Extensionofmeaning,alsoknownasgeneralization,isthenamegiventothewideningofthemeaningwhichsomewordsundergo.5.45.metonymy（P175）Metonymyreferstoidiomsinwhichthenameofonethingisusedforthatofanotherassociatedwithit.四、1.IllustratethedifferenceofsynchronicstudyanddiachronicstudyofEnglishlexicologywithanexample.答案：(P96～98)Thesynchronicapproachisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsatagiventime;itisthespecialdescriptivelexicologythatdealswiththevocabularyandvocabularyunitsofaparticularlanguageatacertaintime.Thediachronicapproachdealswiththechangesandthedevelopmentofvocabularyinthecourseoftime;itisthespecialhistoricallexicologythatdealswiththeevolutionofthevocabularyunitsofalanguageastimepasses.Fromasynchronicpointofview,thewordwife,forexample,nowmeans“amarriedwoman,especiallyinrelationtoherhusband”withoutanyconsiderationofthechangesinthepast.Butifwetakeadiachronicperspective,wewillconsiderthewordhistorically,lookingintoitsoriginandchangesinformandmeaning:thewordwifeevolvedfromtheOldEnglishform“wif”,meaning“woman”,butlateritbecamespecializedinthecourseofdevelopmenttothemodernmeaning“amarriedwoman”.2.Whatisaffectivemeaning?Whatarewordswithpositiveornegativeemotivevaluesusedtodenote?答案：（P89～90）Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginconversation.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeandpejorativetype.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.3.Whatarethethreeareastoaccountforthedifferencebetweensynonyms?Illustrateyourpoints.答案：（P107～110）(1)Differenceindenotation.Synonymsmaydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Forexample,ofthepair“timid”and“timorous”,theformercanmeanastateofmindandthehabitualdispositionofaperson,butthelatteronlymeansdisposition.(2)Differenceinconnotation.Byconnotationwemeanthestylisticandemotivecoloringofwords.Somewordssharethesamedenotationbutdifferintheirstylisticappropriateness.Forexample,thewordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatinaremoreformalthannativewords.(3)Differenceinapplication.Manywordsaresynonymousinmeaningbutdifferentinusageinsimpleterms.Forexample,weuse“allowsb.todosth.”and“l(fā)etsb.dosth.”.4.PleaseillustratethedifferencesbetweenAmericandictionariesandBritishdictionarieswithexamples.答案：（P190）ThereisageneraldifferencebetweenAmericandictionariesandBritishdictionaries.AmericandictionariescontainmoreencyclopedicinformationinthemainbodythanBritishdictionaries,forexample,thenamesofpeople,placesofhistoricalinterestandthelike,whereastheBritishdictionaries,especiallylearner’sdictionaries,includemoregrammaticalinformation.Generallyspeaking,onecanfindBritishusagesinanAmericandictionary.AsforAmericanusages,usersareadvisedtoconsultAmericandictionariesbecausechancesarethatsuch