2014年理工類閱讀重點文章

第二十五篇Eatto第十九MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience（C）第二十九篇I'llBeBach（B）第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety（B）第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（B）第三十篇Digital第三十四篇BatteriesBuilt 第四十八篇ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingEattoAmeagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit'snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon'tstarttodietuntiloldage. theUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse'slivergenescanbemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Teticrejuvenationwon'treverseotherdamagecausedbytimfor課thbutcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridof fedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feedforamonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction—probablybadnewsformousehealth.Inthemicethathaddietedalltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.“Thisisthefirstindicationthattheeeffectskickinprettyquickly,”saysHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashington,D.Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,busSpindlerishopeful.“There'sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays.Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Aswegetolder,outbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdrugsforexampleAbriefperiodoftimeofdietingsays需indler,cobeenoughtomakesureadrugis ButSpindlerisn'tsurethetrade-offisworthit.“Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelongerbutthey'rehungry,”hesays.“Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it'sstillhardtogotoarestaurantandsay:'Icanonlyeathalfofthat'.”Spindlerhopeswesoonwon'tneedtodietatall.Hiscompany,LifeSpanGeneticsinCalifornia,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction.練習Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTEatinglessthanusualmightmakeusliveIfwegoonadietwhenold,wemaykeepDietingmightnotbeWehavetobegindietingfromWhydoestheauthormentionanelderlymouseinparagraphTodescribetheinfluenceofoldageonToillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodon lushowmice'slivergenesToinformusoftheprocessofmetabolizingWhatcanbeinferredaboutcompleynormallyfedmice信ntheTheywillnotexperiencefreeradicalTheywillexperiencemoregeneticrejuvenationintheirTheyhavemoreoldlivergenestobehavelikeyoungTheyaremorelikelytosufferfromAccordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmostinterestedtheThemicethatstarteddietinginold27ofthose46oldgenesthatcontinuedtobehavelikeyoungCalorierestrictionthatworksinDietingthatmakessureadrugisAccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Spindlerbelievescalorierestrictionisveryimportanttoyoungseeingtheeffectofadiet,peoplewilleatlessthandietingisnotagoodmethodtogiveushealthandlongdrugsdonothavetheeffectsofcalorie譯Eatto粗茶淡飯或許能給你健康和長壽，但這并不有趣--很有可能也必要。即便在年老以后才開始節(jié)食我們也能在很大程度上保持住 加加州大學Riverside分校的斯蒂芬o斯潘德爾及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)鼠就會變得和衰。雖然老鼠的肝恢力不會逆轉它們在其方面的老化，但是卻有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對藥物的新陳代謝和清除素斯潘德爾的隊員們一直給其中的三只老鼠正常量的飼料，而給70歲）喂了一個月的半量飼料，之前這三只老鼠的飼料是正常的研究者們檢查了這些老鼠肝臟11,000的活性，發(fā)現(xiàn)正飼養(yǎng)的老46隨的改變而改變。這些改變都與炎癥體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)生有關--這對老鼠的健康來說不是什么好消息。而都在節(jié)食的老鼠來說，那46需件持著青但是最令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)知期的老鼠們受益于70% 變異邊的國家老年學學院的哈勃o華納說。至今仍然沒有人清楚卡路里的控制對人類來說是否如同對老鼠樣有效，但是斯潘德爾對此充滿了希望："表明這同樣有效。如果這確實也對人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢力。但是斯潘德爾并不確定這個方法值得嘗試。"老鼠患斯潘德爾希望我們根本就不用節(jié)食。他的公司，加利福尼亞州遺傳學公司，正在尋找有限制卡路里效能的藥物答案與題解D第一段第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”，要聯(lián)系上了年紀再節(jié)食，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智嘈帕Υ?，“須從小就開始節(jié)食”是錯誤的，D是答案會發(fā)生變化，這種變化與炎癥和有機體組織無限激增有關”因此正確A第四段最后一個句子講“老能從70的變化中受益”“最驚人的”自然是“最令研究感的”。CSpinder

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEncs請i系teShimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech'sCenterforMusicTechnology, mendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumbasedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enableds,one-foot-tallrobotisbilledasaninteractive"musicalfriend"."Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheirmusic,"saidProfessorGilWeinberg,therobot'screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsShimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedocked,therobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere'san"app"forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone'scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits"ears",orspeakers,foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimiyzesit,scansthephone'smusicallibraryand yplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestionsemusicstartsShimidancestothe "Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,"saidMusicTechnologyPh.D.candidateMasonBretan."Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive."FutureappsintheworkswillallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytomendnewmusicbasedontheuser'ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplayWeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi'screativeandinteractivecapabilities."Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes."Weinbergsaid,WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwillGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason."Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes,wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines-small,entertainingandfun,"Weinbergsaid."Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreinligentservicerobotsinourlives.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingto需thefirst AShimiisaone-foottallBShimiisthecreatorofthemusicalCShimiisadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidDShimicangainthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.WhatdoesShimiftheusertapsaAItstoresthebeatinthemusicalBIttransmitsthebeattothedockingCItPositionsitsspeakersforoptimalDItselectsaperfectly-matchedsongandplaysitinsyncwiththatWhichofthefollowingaboutShimiisARobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,andShimiisnoexception.BPresentappsallowtheusertoshaketheirheadtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsong.CExistingappsallowtheusertowaveabandtoalert要hii系tup/downthe DShimicanbecreativeandWhatdoestheauthorwant lATheresearchcenterisdeveloastrongerandmoreversatileBWeinbergonlyexpectsstaffsfromGeorgiaTech.todevelopmoreappsforShimi.CShimiisnotyettechnologicallyreadyforDRobotssuchasShimiarecreatedforlargecorporationsratherthanWhichofthefollowingisWeinberg'sAShimiasaroboticmusicalcompanioncanbeappliedtoalltypesofsmartphones.BhumanliveswillbefilledwithmorefunifShimiisgoingtoarriveinhomes.CShimi'screativeandinteractivecapabilitiesareappreciatedbymostofitsusers. commercializeShimi.第十九篇第十九篇MusicalRoboCompanionEnhances 樂、認識音樂的方式。"627日在舊金山的谷歌I/O大會上展示這款機器人。Shimi實際上是一個擴充基座，它的"大腦"由安卓控制。一旦連接上，機器人便從用過的照相機和辨認臉型的軟件，Shimi就能在房間周圍到聽眾，然后安置好它的"要求的音樂。一旦音樂響起來，Shimi就隨韻律起舞。和與人交互的能力。"音樂技術博士MasonBretan如是說。正在研發(fā)中的程序將使用Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會因此獲得靈感，開發(fā)的應用程序，來擴展Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。他說："我認為我們中心正在引領這場將機器人應用到家庭中去的。"ComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan'tlthedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashavingtroublethinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnoteasytolistento.WhatdidCopedo?Hebegantorethinkhowhumanbeingscomposemusic.Herealizedthatcomposers'brainsworklikebigdatabases.First,theytakeinallthemusicthattheyhaveeverheard.Thentheytakeoutthemusicthattheydislike.Finally,theymakenewmusicfromwhatisleft.AccordingtoCope,onlythegreatcomposersareabletocreatethedatabaseaccuray,rememberit,andformnewmusicalpatternsfromit.Copebuiltahugedatabaseofexistingmusic.HebeganwithhundredsofworksbyBach.Thesoftwareyzedthedata:itbrokeitdownintosmallerpiecesandlookedforpatterns.Itthencombinedthepiecesinto tterns.Beforelong,

composeshortBach-likeworks.Theyweren'tgoodbut通twasCopeknewhehadmoreworktodo-hehadawholeoperatowrite.Hecontinuedtoimprovethesoftware.Splexmusic.Healsoaddedmanyothercomposers,includinghisownwork,tothedatabase.,Afewyearslater,Cope'scomputerprogram,called"Emmy",wasreadytohelphimwithhisopera.TheprocessrequiredalotofcollaborationbetweenthecomposerandEmmy.Copelistenedtothecomputer'smusicalideasandusedtheonesthatheliked.WithEmmy,theoperatookonlytwoweekstofinish.ItwascalledCradleFalling,anditwasagreatsuccess!Copereceivedsomeofthebestreviewsofhiscareer,butnooneknewexactlyhowhehadcomposedthework.Sincethatfirstopera,Emmyhaswrittenthousandsofcompositions.CopestillgivesEmmyfeedbackonwhathelikesanddoesn'tlikeofhermusic,butsheisngmostofthehardworkofcomposingthesedays!l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisAclassical Bpop C DcountryBydeveloacomputersoftware,DavidCopeAtobelikeBtostudyCtowriteanDtocreateamusicalWhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposer'sAItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyBItwritesacomputerCItcanrecognizeanymusicDItcreatesanaccurateWhoisAaBacomputerCacomposerwhohelpedDanWecaninferfromthepassageADavidCopeisacomputerBDavidCopelovesCBach'smusichelpedhimaDEmmydidmuoreworkthana的作品?？破栈?0年才完成這個軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫出的作品與德國著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相人能分這一切始于1980年的，那時科普正在寫一部戲劇，但是他無法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律于是他編寫了一個電腦軟件來幫他編曲。最開始的時候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不動聽?？破帐窃趺醋龅哪?？他幵新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認識到作曲家的大腦就像課聯(lián) 他們先是吸收他 聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不微知，再根據(jù)留下的音樂來創(chuàng)作出新的旋律?？破照J為，只有偉大的作曲科普根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開始的時候，數(shù)據(jù)庫包含了幾百部巴赫的作品?？破盏能浖⑦@些數(shù)據(jù)進行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片段組合成新的模式。不久，這個軟件就能夠寫出和巴赫風格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這只是個開始?？破罩?，他要做的還有很多,他得寫出一整部歌劇。他進一步完善他的軟件，不久它就能夠寫出更復雜的音樂了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫中幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”要作曲家和艾米共同配合。科普聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，從中選取他認為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個星期就完成了這生以來最高的評價，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇吿訴她自己哪些音樂是他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的！

2.C從第二段的第一句可以看出，David編寫電腦軟件的目的是寫歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。3.D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者Emmy大大提高了David的創(chuàng)作速度，最后一句，大部分的工作都由Emmy來做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。第四十 TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety理工（B級Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsattheUniversityofChicagol1SianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachers fortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsat"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxious

需要課件請23gradesitmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachieeetsLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers4.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn--andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Researchersusetheword"anxiety"todescribesuchfeelings:anxietyisuneasinessorworry.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststolwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt5.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasale課re請it,example,wasprobablyanxiousabout Boys,oage,wereunaffectedbyateacher'sanxiety.Oage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath--andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety."Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample6,"saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouri7inColumbia.練習 theUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?Girlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysat fortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.Femaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathisted請isted請ogimathWhatisimpliedinthethirdMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingthesubject.TeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachAccordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfeltnervousmemorizingthenumbersofasaleshelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesuneasyreadingthenumbersofasaleshopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesThesixth lsusthattheresearchproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathachievements.showthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedyteirmanxietythanfemale providestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.discoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'mathachievements.DavidGearythinksthestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchtheresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargertheresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobethestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificant第四十篇教數(shù)學，教焦慮在一項關于小學生學數(shù)學的研究中，芝加哥大學的心理學家SianBeilock和Susan"如果一直由對數(shù)學有焦慮的女教師教授數(shù)學，就會對她們的數(shù)學成績產(chǎn)生雪球效應"，

位在中西部教一二年級的教師。學生們在學年的開始和結束時 平均來師的焦慮不會影響到男孩子。但是，一般說來，如果教子的教師有數(shù)學來自密蘇里大學的心理學家DavidGeary說"這是一個有趣的研究，但是這只是初步結1.D該段告訴我們女教師的想法（whatfemaleteachersthink）（whatfemalestudentslearn）之間有很大的關聯(lián)度，也就是說，女教師如果對自己的數(shù)學技能沒有自信，女學生很可能相信男孩子會在數(shù)學方面超過particularlydifficultforeveryone)，如同學生，教師也會覺得數(shù)學難學和難教，這3.C第五段第三句“Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt”了答案。memorizingthenumbers；意為“記住數(shù)字”；savingthenumbers意為“保存數(shù)字”；fillinginthenumbers意為“陸續(xù)編入數(shù)字”，而且文中沒有提到asalesreport；它們均不是答案。（girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredloweron-of-the-yearmathtests)，女教師（allofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.)D所以不是正確的選因為只提到teachers和students,而不是femaleteachers和femalestudents。5.BDavidGeary的說法，實驗結果還是初步的（preliminary)，需要更大的樣本對其進行重復驗證（inneedofreplicationwithalargersample)。他沒有認為AD第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（理工通Evenwiththebestwill1intheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingpreventglobalwarming.Ithas eclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,byernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough.Fortunay,iftheworstcomestotheworse,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves有錦囊妙計.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatisAgrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale“geoengineering”projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwarming.“Iusetheogyofmethadone4,”saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.“Ifyouhaveaaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsoluyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthan.”3Basicallytheideaistoapply“sunscreen”tothewholeplanet.OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth:launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun’srays.It’scontroversial,butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth’ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun’srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebyofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.練習Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，theauthorthinksAstrongmeasureshavebeentakenby ernmenttopreventglobalBtoreducecarbonemissionsisanimpossibleCdespitethedifficultyscientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobalDactionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverheScientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon’twantpeopleAknowwhattheyareBfeeltheireffortsareCthinktheproblemhasbeenDseetherealWhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaaddictandAMethadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardBMethadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataCHospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaDMethadoneandarcequallyeffectiveintreatingaWhatisStephenSchneider’sideaofpreventingglobalATo ernmentstotakestrongerBToincreasethesunlightreachingtheCToapplysunscreentotheDTodecreasegreenhouseWhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen”,accordingtothelastAItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteracttheBItblockstheincidentenergyinthesun’sCItisacontroversialDItdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere大氣譯第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（B）就算懷著最美好的愿望，僅僅減少二氧化碳的排放量還是不能制止全球變暖。很明顯，即便采取最強硬的措施來控制排放，氣候的變化無常仍能導致極速變暖和海平面上升。另一方面，受到和特殊利益群體的阻撓，氣候學家往往不需要討論這些措施，害怕人們會喜而使這個問題不能被徹底解決。至少目前是這樣。越來越多的研究者相信一項大型的地質工程建設可用來抵御全球變暖。斯坦福大學的一位氣象學家StephenSchneider是很早提出氣候變暖這項議題的學者之一。他說，“我把它比作美沙酮。如果你那里有一個上癮者，那么正確的治療方法就是住院，接受長時間的康復治療。正常住院治療，那總體思路是給地球也涂上防曬霜。一個天文學家突發(fā)奇想，想借此冷卻地球：發(fā)射億萬輕如羽毛的碟片進入太空形成巨大“云層”以阻礙光。這個想法備受爭議，但最近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到這地球表面的陽光以抵消溫室效應產(chǎn)生的氣候變暖。全球氣候模型表明，阻斷百分之一點八的能剛好可以抵消大氣中雙倍的溫室氣體所引起的氣候變暖現(xiàn)象。這個想法影響深遠，因為即使采取最嚴段說，盡管如此，科學家還是有些辦法，所以C是正確選擇。

是錯誤選擇，因為作者認為和一些了科學家所倡導的行動的實施 不是作者的觀 是正確選擇，因為第一段的最后一句“might implementedsoonenough”并不表明不能實現(xiàn)。C文章的第二段說，即使最糟糕的情況發(fā)生，科學家還是有幾招的。但他們不希望討論他們的招數(shù)，因為恐怕人們不再有感而削弱徹底解決問題的努力。所以C是正確選AStehgenSchneider教授將自己解決地球變時，服用是一種緩解毒癮的有效方法。所以A是C文章最后一段的第一個句子提供的答D短文最后一段描述了“unsceen”如何解決地球變暖問題。盡管有爭議，但是研究證明，“屏”能反射和阻礙陽光，起到抵消由溫室效應引起的地球升溫。最后一段的第三和第四句是理解這個問題的關鍵。D不是文章所表達的內(nèi)容，所以是正確答案。第三十 Digital realm,thenextbigad需要件請 bevoicerecognition.Therudimentsarelread “recognizespeech,”anditislikelytothinkyouwantitto“wreckanicebeach.”3Butinadecadeorsowe’llbeabletochatawayandmachineswillsoakitallin.Microchipswillbetrulyembeddedinourliveswhenwecantalktothem.Notonlytoourcomputers,we’llalsobeabletochatwithourautomobilenavigationsystems,ephoneconsoles,browsers,thermostats.VCRs,microwavesandanyotherdeviceswewanttobossThatwillopenthewaytothenextphaseofthedigitalage:artificialin ligence.Byourprovidingsomanythoughtsandpreferencestoourmachineseachday,they’llaccumulateenoughinformationabouthowwethinksothatthey’llbeabletomimicourminds仿anda ouragents.Scary,huh9?Butpotentiallyquiteuseful.Atleastuntiltheydecidetheydon’tneedusanymoreandstartbuildingevensmartermachinestheycanbossaround. beenMoore’s:that willdoubleinpowerandhalveinprice格減至一半every18monthsorso.BillGatesrulesbecauseearlyonheactedonassumptionthatcomputingpower—thecapacityofmicroprocessorsandmemorychips—wouldenearlyfree;hiscompanykeptchurning12outmoreandmorelines13ofcomplextomakeuseofthecheapbounty14.Thelawthatwillpowerthenextfewdecadesisthatthebandwidth(thecapacityoffiber-opticandotherpipelinestocarrydigitalcommunications)enearlyAlongwith15therecentadvancesindigitalswitchingandstoragetechnologies,this16mesnewspapers,youraunt’srecipesandhomes—willbeinstantlyavailableandemand.Anyonewillbeabletobeaproducerofanycontent;you’llbeabletocreateamovieormagazine,makeitavailabletotheworldandchargeforit,justlikeTimeWarner!Theresultwillbeatransitionfromamass-market18 to one.Insteadofcentralizedfactories studiosthatdistributeorbroadcastthesameproducttomillions,technologyisalreadyallowingproductstobetailoredto,eachuser.Youcansubscribetonewssourcesthatserveuponlytopicsandopinionsthatfityourfancy.Everythingfromshoestosteelcanbecustomizedtomeetindividual練習ThetechniquesofvoiceAarematureenoughforextensiveBareinitsinitialstageofCwillaidpeopletochatthroughDwillassistpeopletorecognizeeachother’sAccordingtothesecondparagraph,whenwereachthestageofartificialinligence（人工智AmachinescanbeouragentstheyunderstandourBmachineswillgiveorderstosmartermachinestheyCmachineswillnotneedusanyDmachineswillbeinligentenoughtobossWhat’sthebestdescriptionofGordonMoore’slawasmentionedinthethirdAItmotivatesthedevelopmentofthedigitalBBillGatesrulesthedigitalworldwiththeCItenablescomputingpower eDIthelpsthedevelopmentoftheWhatcanpeoplenafuturesceneasdescribedinthefourthAComposemusicandmakeitavailabletotheBMake andchargeforCWritebooksandsellDAlloftheWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofaalizedAThealizedmarkettendstobereplacedbythemassBThesameproductisdistributedtomillionsofCInaalizedmarket,productsaretailored調整使適應toeachDIndividualscancontrolcentralizedfactoriesand譯而它也能完全理解我們的意思。當我們能與電腦維，扮演著人的角色。嚇著了，哈？但這個設想的潛在迄今為止的數(shù)碼時代的法則是由戈登·課每18個月左右電腦的功能加倍而價格減至稍早些，比爾·蓋茨之所以能夠操控著電腦界是因為他早就按照計算機的動力——微處理器和的價格會趨于零的假定行動；他和他的公司一直大量地銷售越來越多的系列軟件。而接下來的幾十年中，新的法則會是光纖寬帶及其他輸送數(shù)碼通訊的費用趨于零。隨著數(shù)碼啟動和技術的發(fā)展，上述法則意味著未來所有的相關內(nèi)容——、音樂、演出、書籍、資料、雜志、報紙，甚至你嬸嬸的菜譜和家庭——隨時隨地都可以立即。任何人都可以成為上述內(nèi)容的者；你甚至也能創(chuàng)出一本雜志或是制作一部，提供給全世界的人并答案與題解

不件系因為根據(jù)整篇文章，尤其是第一段的內(nèi)容，語音技然處于初始階段，但在十年左右的時間里，這種技術將得到以C和D是錯誤的選項。A:(這樣的智能機器是很有用的)除非發(fā)展到他們不再需要我們?nèi)祟?，并且開始制造他們能夠指使的機器。這個句子表達的是人們不愿看到的情景，并不是人工智能的必然結果。所以，不能選擇C、D。A第三段的第一句和該段第三句告訴我們，穆爾定律一直寬帶的發(fā)展空間。所A是最佳選項。B、CD表達的內(nèi)D:數(shù)字電子技術的未來將不但能提供式的內(nèi)容。所以D是正確的選項。C最后一段的第二句提供了答第四十八篇ResearchersDiscover WalkingUprightMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseverydaareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon'tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RifromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences,havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape-onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees-towalkontwolegs."Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"saidDr.Riond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalTwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity's"outdoorlaboratory"inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut,whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.Thechimpanzees"behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcopulanutswereavailable,and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.Insuch petitionsettings,thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffour.Notonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresource,butalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheybyusingeverythingavailable-eventheirThesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockings

University",wasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrateandunpredictableresources.Here,35percentofthechimpanzees'activityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?AManypeoplequestionthesimplehumanactivitiesofwalkingandcarryingitems.BChimpanzee'sbehaviorsmaysuggestwhyhumanswalkontwoCHumanwalkinguprightisviewedasanadapt