老托福閱讀真題及答案解析

老托福閱讀真題及答案解析老托福閱讀真題及答案解析老托福閱讀真題及答案解析資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月老托福閱讀真題及答案解析版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：老托福閱讀真題及答案解析托福從聽、說、讀、寫四方面進(jìn)行英語能力全面考核。托福頻道為大家提供了這四個方面的資料，希望對大家有所幫助。Aviculturists,peoplewhoraisebirdsforcommercialsale,havenotyetlearnedhowtosimulatethenaturalincubationofparroteggsinthewild.Theycontinuetolookforbetterwaystoincreaseeggproductionandtoimprovechicksurvivalrates.Whenparrotsincubatetheireggsinthewild,thetemperatureandhumidityofthenestarecontrollednaturally.Heatistransferredfromthebird'sskintothetopportionoftheeggshell,leavingthesidesandbottomoftheeggatacoolertemperature.Thistemperaturegradientmaybevitaltosuccessfulhatching.Nestconstructioncancontributetothistemperaturegradient.Nestsoflooselyarrangedsticks,rocks,ordirtarecoolerintemperatureatthebottomwheretheeggcontactsthenestingmaterial.Suchnestsalsoactashumidityregulatorsbyallowingraintodrainintothebottomsectionsofthenestsothattheeggsarenotindirectcontactwiththewater.Asthewaterthatcollectsinthebottomofthenestevaporates,thewatervaporrisesandisheatedbytheincubatingbird,whichaddssignificanthumiditytotheincubationenvironment.Inartificialincubationprograms,aviculturistsremoveeggsfromthenestsofparrotsandincubatethemunderlaboratoryconditions.Mostcommercialincubatorsheattheeggsfairlyevenlyfromtoptobottom,thusignoringthebird'smethodofnaturalincubation,andperhapsreducingtheviabilityandsurvivabilityofthehatchingchicks.Whenincubatorsarenotused,aviculturistssometimessuspendwoodenboxesoutdoorstouseasnestsinwhichtoplaceeggs.Inareaswhereweathercanbecomecoldaftereggsarelaid,itisveryimportanttomaintainadeepfoundationofnestingmaterialtoactasinsulatoragainstthecoldbottomofthebox.Ifeggsrestagainstthewoodenbottominextremelycoldweatherconditions,theycanbecomechilledtoapointwheretheembryocannolongersurvive.Similarly,theseboxesshouldbeprotectedfromdirectsunlighttoavoidhightemperaturesthatarealsofataltothegrowingembryo.Nestingmaterialshouldbeaddedinsufficientamountstoavoidbothextremetemperaturesituationsmentionedaboveandassurethattheeggshaveasoft,secureplacetorest.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage(A)Nestingmaterialvariesaccordingtotheparrots'environment.(B)Humidityisanimportantfactorinincubatingparrots'eggs.(C)Aviculturistshaveconstructedtheidealnestboxforparrots.(D)Wildparrots'nestsprovideinformationusefulforartificialincubation.2.Theword"They"inline2refersto(A)aviculturists(B)birds(C)eggs(D)rates3.Accordingtoparagraph2,whenthetemperatureofthesidesandbottomoftheeggarecoolerthanthetop,then(A)theremaybeagoodchanceforsuccessfulincubation(B)theembryowillnotdevelopnormally(C)theincubatingparentmovestheeggtoanewposition.(D)theincubationprocessissloweddown4.Accordingtoparagraph2,sticks,rocks,ordirtareusedto(A)softenthebottomofthenestforthenewlyhatchedchick(B)holdthenesttogether(C)helplowerthetemperatureatthebottomofthenest(D)makethenestbigger5.Accordingtoparagraph2,theconstructionofthenestallowswaterto(A)provideabeneficialsourceofhumidityinthenest(B)loosenthematerialsatthebottomofthenest(C)keepthenestinacleancondition(D)touchthebottomoftheeggs6.Allofthefollowingarepartofaparrot'sincubationmethodEXCEPT(A)heatingthewatervaporasitrisesfromthebottomofthenest(B)arrangingnestingmaterialatthebottomofthenest(C)transferringheatfromtheparenttothetopoftheeggshell(D)maintainingaconstanttemperatureontheeggshell7.Theword"suspend"inline18isclosestinmeaningto(A)build(B)paint(C)hang(D)move8.Theword"fatal"inline24isclosestinmeaningto(A)close(B)deadly(C)natural(D)hot9.Theword"secure"inline27isclosestinmeaningto(A)fresh(B)dry(C)safe(D)warm10.Accordingtoparagraph3,adeepfoundationofnestingmaterialprovides(A)aconstantsourceofhumidity(B)astrongnestbox(C)moreroomfornewlyhatchedchicks(D)protectionagainstcoldweather11.Whichofthefollowingisaproblemwithcommercialincubators?(A)Theylackthenaturaltemperaturechangesoftheoutdoors.(B)Theyareunabletoheattheeggsevenly(C)Theydonottransferheattotheeggi