四六級(jí)考前押題密訓(xùn)-閱讀練習(xí)題星火

Predicting,corresponds,Predicting,corresponds,indicating,draw,emphasize,matches,navigatingVictim,concentration,contrast,swimsuitsEffectively,Sharksarecompleycolourblindandonlyseethingsclearlyiftheyaremostlylightordark,sowearingalightbluewetsuitthatthecolouroftheseawillmakeyoulesslikelyto etheofasharkattack,scientistshaveclaimed.Thisbreakthroughishugely todiversshark-filledwatersandscientistsfoundthatthepredator—likedolphins,sealsandwhales—isunabletodistinguishbetweencolours.Itcanonlyseeinblackandwhite,soswimmerswouldbebestoffwearingalightbluewetsuitthatmatchesthecolourofthewater.Costumesorwetsuitsthatcamouflage()swimmers’bodiesintheseawaterarelesslikelytoashark’sattentionthanoneswithbright,solidcoloursthat theiroutline.ProfessorNathanHart,fromtheUniversityofWesternAustralia,said“It’sthehighcontrastagainstthewaterratherthanthecolouritselfwhichisprobably tosharks”.Theresearchersexaminedtheeyesofdeadsharksandfoundtheyhadonlyonetypeofphotoreceptor(感光器)intheretina(視網(wǎng)膜),theycouldonlyseeinmonochrome(單色).TheU.S.Navyhasconductedteststhatsuggestedsharkswereabletoseeyellowmostclearly.Thetestshadbeentoseewhatwouldbethebestcolourforthelifejacketsthatpilotswearincasetheyhavetoejectandsplashdownintheocean.thevisibilityforsharks.Hesaid“Itmaybepossibleto andarethereforelessattractiveto theresulthasbeenagreat36inthewaytheyaretreated,housedandbred.Forexample,mostanimalsarenowkeptin37becauseithasbeendiscoveredthat,likepeople,theyarecreatures,keethemhappyenoughto38andmultiplyincaptivity() Someanimalswillnotbreedwithoutaspecialdiet;othersmustfeelfarfromhumanseparation,andothersneedlargespacesfortheircourtshipdances.Somemalesinsiston41towintheirmate.Thenthereisthequestionof al42,aswasdemonstratedtwobearswouldtaketurnsflyingtoeachother’sresidenceinEnglandandinRussia.TheZoohasbeen45withitsownpairforyears,withoutmuchresult.Lowlevelsofliteracyandnumeracyhaveadamagingimpactonalmosteveryaspectofadultlife,accordingtoasurveypublishedyesterday,whichoffersevidenceofadevelounderclass.Testsandinterviewswithhundredsofpeopleborninasingleweekin1958 illustratedthehandicapofeducationalunderachievement.Theeffectswereseeninunemployment,low es,depressionandsocial 37.Thosewholeftschoolat16withpoorbasicskillshadbeenemployedforuptofouryearslessthangoodreadersatthetimetheyreached37.ProfessorJohnBynner,ofCityUniversity,who38outtheresearch,saidthattoday’s39peoplewouldfaceevengreaterproblemsbecausethesupplyofmanualjobshad40up.Poorreadersweretwiceaslikelytobeonalow41andfourtimesaslikelytoliveinahouseholdwhereneitherpartnerworked.Womeninthispositionwerefivetimesaslikelytobeclassifiedas42,whilebothsexestendedtofeeltheyhadnocontrolovertheirlives,andtobe43ofothers. 44organizationandmuchlesslikelythanotherstohave 45inageneralelection.Therehadbeennoimprovementinthelevelofintervieweessincethesamplewassurveyedatof21.byachievinganeffectivestrategicmarketposition,orSMP.interestingopportunitiesoffthetable.Organizationsthat40torecognizeandactontheirpoorlyservedbythedominantplayers,companiescan44themselvesintheircompaniescan45muchhighermarketsharesintheirchosensegments.二、仔細(xì)閱Theytendtodeclineinpeople’slaterTheyfunctionquitewelleveninoldTheirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobeTheresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothyWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofItmayconstituteachallengetocomputer ItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirIt eaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoreAsArtificialInligence(AI) esincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscould eathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcomputer-aidedItconsiderablycutsdownthecostofbuildingItisindispensableinarchitects’workTheDistractionAddictionisparticularlyfascinatingonhowtechnologieshavechangedcertainfieldsoflabor—oftenfortheworse.Forarchitects,computer-aideddesignhas eessentialbutinsomewayshascheapenedthedesignprocess.Asonearchitectputsit,“Architectureisfirstandforemostaboutthinking…anddrawingisamoreproductivewayofthinking”thancomputer-aideddesign.SomewhatlessamusingarePang’ssolutionsforkickingtheInternethabit.A)InexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingB)smightariseamongbikerentalTherearenotenoughlanes modatetheFarrell’searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve.“Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement.”CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders’lackofawarenessofbikingrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it’sstilltooearlytolifhisbusinesshasbeenWhyistheaveragecostofchildcareinMississippimuchlowerthaninTheoverallqualityofserviceisnotasEachteacherisallowedtocareformoreAndthestrictertheregulations,thehigherthecosts.Ifithastohireacaregiverforeverytwochildren,itcan’treallyachieveanyeconomiesofscaleonlabortosavemoneywhenotherexpensesgoup.InMassachusetts,wherechildcarecentersmusthireoneteacherforeverythreeinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedmorethan$16,000peryear.InMississippi,wherecentersmusthireoneteacherforeveryfiveinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedlessthan$5,000.WhatdoesRob menduniversitiesnmarketingGotoextralengthstocatertostudents’WhatdoesRob menduniversitiesnmarketingGotoextralengthstocatertostudents’Theproblemforuniversitiesisthatifthosebenefitsfailtomaterialise,studentsnotice.ThatworriesRobBehrens,whodealswithstudentcomplaints.“Universitiesneedtobeextremelycarefulindescribingwhat’sgoingtohappentostudents,”hesays.“Ascompetitionisgoingtogetgreaterforattractinggiftedstudents,thereisadangerthatuniversitieswillgotheextra.”WhatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthBridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycareReducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirItstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysician

三、詳細(xì)解析請(qǐng)?jiān)诓殚啠ㄋ阉鳎豪蠋煟貜?fù)：長篇閱讀答案CanWePlayisrapidlydisappearingfromourhomes,ourschools,andourneighborhoods.Overthelasttwodecadesalone,childrenhavelosteighthoursoffree,unstructured,andspontaneousplayaweek.Decadesofresearchhasshownthatplayiscrucialtophysical,inlectual,andsocial-emotionaldevelopmentatallages.Withplayonthedecline,werisklosingtheseandmanyotherbenefits.Fortoolong,wetreatedplayasaluxurythatkids,aswellasadults,coulddowithout.Butthetimehascomeforustorecognizewhyplayisworthdefending:Itisessentialtoleadingahappyandhealthylife.Playandskillstheycannotgetinanyotherway.Atthepreschoollevel,childrenengageindramaticplaytheirowns.A2007reportfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssthatplaypromotesnotonlybehavioraldevelopmentbutbraingrowthaswell.TheUniversityofNorthCarolina’sAbecedarianEarlyChildInterventionprogramfoundthatchildrenwhoreceivedanenriched,play-orientedparentingandearlychildhoodprogramhadsignificantlyhigherIQ’satagefivethandidacomparablegroupofchildrenwhowerenotintheprogram(105vs.85points).Alargebodyofresearchevidencealsosupportsthevalueandimportanceofparticulartypesofplay.Forexample,IsraelipsychologistSaraSmilansky’sclassicstudiesofsociodramaticplay,wheretwoormorechildrenparticipateinsharedmakebelieve(虛構(gòu)),demonstratethevalueofthisplayforacademic,social,andemotionallearning.“Sociodramaticplayactivatesresourcesthatstimulatesocialandinlectualgrowthinthechildwhichinturnaffectsthechild’ssuccessinschool,”concludesSmilanskyina1990studythatcomparedAmericanandIsraelichildren.Otherresearchillustratestheimportanceofphysicalplayforchildrenslearninganddevelopment.Someofthesestudieshavehighlightedtheimportanceofrecess().PsychologistAnthonyPellegriniandhiscolleagueshavefoundthaementaryschoolchildreneincreasinglydistractibleinclasswhenrecessisdelayed.Similarly,studiesconductedinFrenchandCanadianelementaryschoolsoveraperiodoffouryearsfoundthatregularphysicalactivityhadpositiveeffectsonacademicperformance.Spendingonethirdoftheschooldayinphysicaleducationartandmusicimprovednotonlyphysicalfitnessbutattitudestowardlearningandtestscores.Thesefindingsechothosefromoneysisof200studiesontheeffectsexerciseoncognitivefunctioning,whichalsosuggeststhatphysicalactivitypromotesInrecentyears,andmostespeciallysincethe2002passageoftheNoChildLeftBehindAct,we’veseeneducators,policymakers,andmanyparentsembracetheideathatearlyacademicsleadstogreatersuccessinlife.YetseveralstudiesbyKathyHirsch-Pasekandcolleagueshavecomparedtheperformanceofchildrenattendingacademicpreschoolswiththoseattendingplay-orientedpreschools.Theresultsshowednoedgeinreadingandmathachievementforchildrenattendingtheacademicpreschools.Buttherewasevidencethatthosechildrenhadhigherlevelsoftestanxiety,werelesscreative,andhadmorenegativeattitudestowardschoolthandidthechildrenattendingtheplaypreschools.Soifplayisthatimportant,whyisitdisappearing?TheperfectThedeclineofchildren’sfree,self-initiatedplayistheresultofaperfectstormoftechnologicalinnovation,rapidsocialchange,andeconomicglobalization.Technologicalinnovationshaveledtotheall-pervasivenessofevisionandcomputerscreensinoursocietyingeneral,andinourhomesinparticular.Anunintendedconsequenceofthisinvasionisthatchildhoodhasmovedindoors.Childrenwhomightoncehaveenjoyedapick-upgameofbaseballinanemptylotnowwatchthegameonTV,sittingontheircouch.Meanwhile,singleandworkingparentsnowoutnumbertheonce-predominantnuclearfamily,inwhichastay-at-homemothercouldprovidethekindoflooseoversightthatfacilitatesfreeplay.Instead,busyworkingparentsoutsource(外包)atleastsomeoftheirformerresponsibilitiestocoaches,tutors,trainers,martialartsteachers,andotherprofessionals.Asaresult, childrenspendmoreoftheirfreetimeonadult-ledand-organizedactivitiesthananyearliergeneration.( eyouthsometimeshavetheoppositeproblem:Theirparentsmaynothavethemeanstoputtheminhigh-qualityprogramsthatprovidealternativestoplayinginunsafeFinally,aglobaleconomyhasincreasedparentalfearsabouttheirchildren’sprospectsinanincreasinglyhigh-techmarketplace.Manymiddle-classparentshaveboughtintotheideathateducationisarace,andthattheearlieryoustartyourchildinacademics,thebetter.PreschooltutoringinmathandprogramssuchastheKumonSystem,whichemphasizesdailydrillsinmathandreading,are ingincreasinglypopular.Andalltoomanykindergartens,oncededicatedtolearningthroughplay,have efull-dayacademicinstitutionsthatrequiretestingand.Insuchaworld,playhascometobeseenasawasteofprecioustime.A1999surveyfoundthatnearlyathirdofkindergartenclassesdidnothavearecessperiod.Asadultshaveincreasinglythwarted()self-initiatedplayandgames,wehavelostimportantmarkersofthestagesinachild’sdevelopment.Intheabsenceofsuarkers,itisdifficulttodeterminewhatisappropriateandnotappropriateforchildren.Weruntheriskofpushingthemintocertainactivitiesbeforetheyareready,orpreventingthedevelopmentofimportantinlectual,social,oremotionalskills.Forexample,itisonlyafterofsixorseventhatchildrenwillspontaneouslyparticipateingameswithrules,becauseitisonlyatthatagethattheyarefullyabletounderstandandfollowrules.ThosekindsofdevelopmentalmarkersfallbythewaysidewhenweslotveryyoungkidsintoactivitiessuchasLittleLeague.WhenLittleLeaguewasfoundedin1939,theadultorganizerslookedtochildrenthemselvesinsettingthestartingage,whichendedupbeingaboutagenineorolder.ButthesuccessofLittleLeaguewasnotlostonparentseagertofindsupervisedactivitiesforyoungchildren.Beforelong,teamsoccerwaspromotedforyoungerchildrenbecauseitwasaneasierandlesscomplexgameforthesixtonine-year-oldagegroup.TherapidgrowthofsoccerleagueschallengedthepopularityofLittleLeague.ThisledtotheintroductionofTeeBall,asimplified