閱讀理解技巧課件-高考英語二輪復習

高考英語閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題單點細節(jié)判斷尋找意思相近表達不同的目標信息細節(jié)理解題在審題時需要在題干或選項中提取出關(guān)鍵信息,然后回到語

篇中尋找目標信息,當無法找到與關(guān)鍵信息一模一樣的信息時,就要尋找

意思相近表達不同的目標信息?！纠?】Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinits

.A.personalisedcoursesB.multiplelanguagesC.pricingpolicyD.serviceteam語篇...Lancomcaresaboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.

Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.Ourcontentisaboutreal-

lifetopicsthatarerelevantbecauseweknowwhatmatterstoyouiswhat

sticksbest.YouwillfinditveryrewardingtolearnwithLancom.解讀題干中的關(guān)鍵信息為“unique”,在語篇中找不到該詞,這就需要考

生迅速調(diào)整目標信息,即找到與“unique”相近的信息“theonlyprod-

uct”,鎖定目標信息后確定答案區(qū)域為“offercoursestailoredtoyourna-

tivelanguage”,這與A選項對應。多點細節(jié)判斷近幾年有些細節(jié)理解題的綜合性很強,需要根據(jù)多個段落的相關(guān)信息做

出綜合判斷才能獲得答案,做題時不要遺漏信息。【例2】WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow-coveredforests.MikeShepherd(2011)Skiddaw

in

WinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinterseveningand

freezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopof

asmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittle

morethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlya

shortclimb,Ifoundmyselfcompletelyaboveit

andlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkid-

dawwiththesunsettinginthewest...TimothySmith(2014)Macclesfield

ForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldto

takesomewinterimages.Walkingupapath

throughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocal

highpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandim-

mediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassesseta-

gainstthefreshsnow...語篇解讀根據(jù)題干中的“haveincommon”可知本題屬于多點細節(jié)判斷題。

根據(jù)題干中的“ShepherdandSmith”將答案區(qū)域鎖定在表格中。根據(jù)

表格中“Itwasanextremelycoldwinterseveningandfreezingfoghung

intheair.”以及“IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotake

somewinterimages.”可知,他們的作品都是冬天的攝影作品。由此確定

答案為A項。主旨大意題高考

英語專題九主旨大意段落大意題的解題技巧做段落大意題需找出段落主題句,說明文和議論文的段落主題句一般在

句首。若找不到主題句,可借助主題詞、關(guān)鍵詞、高頻詞等進行總結(jié)?！纠?】(2020全國Ⅰ,D篇節(jié)選)問題Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.語篇Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudycon-

ductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasof

thecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe1

5%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouse-

plants.解讀根據(jù)主題句歸納段落大意。第一句為本段的主題句,其中Thecon-

nectionbetweenpeopleandplants為關(guān)鍵詞。由此可知,本段要說明人與

植物之間的關(guān)系。接下來詳細說明了綠色植物有助于減少犯罪和提高

工作效率。由此綜合判斷本段主要說明了綠色植物的好處。故選D。文章大意題的解題技巧1.借助文章主題段歸納常見位置:首段(說明文、議論文、新聞報道)和末段(記敘文、說明文、

議論文)。2.借助各段落主題句歸納文章大意=段落主題句1+段落主題句2+……3.借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納標記文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞,然后對其歸納和概括,確定文

章大意?！纠?】(2020全國Ⅱ,B篇節(jié)選)問題Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.語篇[1]Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelp

theirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-related

skills.[2]PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentin

youngchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywith

puzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認知)aftercontrolling

fordifferencesinparentsincome,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,

Levinesaid.[3]Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbe-

tween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54

monthsofage....[5]ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmental

Science.解讀借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞歸納。根據(jù)文章第一段和第三段出現(xiàn)的re-

searchers,第二段出現(xiàn)的Psychologist、expert以及最后一段出現(xiàn)的find-

ings、published、thejournalDevelopmental

Science可知本文主要介紹了

一項科學研究,故選B項。最佳標題題的解題技巧1.中心句法根據(jù)文章中心句提煉主題句,確定最佳標題。2.“1+1=1”法將文章的寫作對象(1)和其主要特點、意義或影響(1)整合充當文章標題

(1)。3.高頻詞法根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的主題詞或關(guān)鍵詞提煉整合文章標題。【例3】(2021新高考Ⅰ,C)問題Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting語篇WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,

theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.Native

Americanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfor-

tunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafew

decadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水

禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambi-

tioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhouse

theever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息

地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratory

Bird

Hunting

Stamp

Act(Act),an

increasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmi-

gratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.Under

thisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypur-

chaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStamp

wasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDes

Moines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRoo-

seveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypay

thestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratory

BirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclu-sionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthisland

willbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,bet-

terthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5

millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.解讀中心句法。最后一句“LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampPro-

gramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramsever

initiated.”可以看作文章的中心句。因此,文章標題應與theFederalDuck

Stamp有關(guān),故選A。推理判斷題高考

英語專題十推理判斷隱含推斷題1.根據(jù)題干中infer,suggest,imply,conclude,bestdescribe(s),conclusion等詞

語明確答題方向。2.瀏覽四個選項,排除與原文信息重復的選項。3.注意文中的情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣,由此推斷出作者的弦外之音。4.根據(jù)原文信息進行合乎邏輯的適度推斷?！纠?】(2021新高考Ⅰ,B篇節(jié)選)問題WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTittertonsjobonstage?A.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.語篇“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon

tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusic

whenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot,”MrTittertonexplained.解讀題干中“bestdescribes”明確本題為隱含推斷題。根據(jù)文中關(guān)鍵信

息“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.”“haveto”和“makesure”可

推斷Titterton在舞臺上的工作要求高。故選C。觀點態(tài)度題1.明確誰對誰的態(tài)度。2.關(guān)注傳遞情感的形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞、短語或句子,據(jù)此分析

其情感傾向。3.結(jié)合文章或段落主題判斷觀點態(tài)度,不要摻雜自己的觀點。【例2】(2020全國Ⅰ,C篇節(jié)選)問題Whichwordbestdescribestheauthorsattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.語篇Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,research

shows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,

haveitsownproblem.解讀根據(jù)fitnessbenefits,however和haveitsownproblem可知,競走有很

多益處,但也有問題。由此判斷作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。寫作意圖題1.句段寫作意圖常見的表達方式有:toexplainarule/topresentafact/toclarifyaconcept/to

provideexamples/tomakeaprediction/tointroducethetopic/tosupportthe

argument/tomakecomparisons。2.篇章寫作意圖1)故事類:totellastory/share.../entertain/inspirereaders2)廣告類應用文:tosell/attract/promote...3)新聞類:toinform/report/introduce...4)說明文/研究報告:tointroduce/explain...5)議論文:toargue/prove/show...【例3】(2021浙江1月,B篇節(jié)選)問題WhydoestheauthormentionWatkinspredictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.語篇...anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictions

aboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobile

phonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswrongin

oneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthe

physicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight...解讀根據(jù)文中JohnElfrethWatkins的預言everybodywouldwalk10miles

aday是錯誤的,可知提及Watkins的預言的目的是引出下面的話題:孩子

走路步數(shù)越來越少。故選B。文章出處題原則:從文章內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言風格等綜合判斷。1.文章前面有日期、地點或通訊社名稱:newspaper2.文化教育性的文章:educationsection3.旅游景點方面的客觀介紹:travelguide4.科普知識/研究介紹:sciencereport/studyreport5.新產(chǎn)品/新影片/演出介紹:advertisement6.文中含有clickhere/website等網(wǎng)絡典型用語:website7.時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹:magazine/journal/entertainmentsection【例4】Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.語篇Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearly

differentsymbols...Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined

—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.HereshowHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,who

ledtheteam,describedtheexperiment...Afterrunninghundredsoftests...Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely...解讀根據(jù)節(jié)選的文章第一至五段相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知,文章首先給出了猴子善

于處理數(shù)字的結(jié)論,然后介紹科研人員進行的實驗。由此可知,文章應出

現(xiàn)在科學版塊。故選D。預測推斷題1.特點:根據(jù)語篇,對事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行預測

推理。2.方法1)梳理篇章結(jié)構(gòu);2)把握寫作思路:事件發(fā)展的先后順序、因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、對比關(guān)

系、空間轉(zhuǎn)換等;3)弄清句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系;4)作出科學、合理的預測?！纠?】Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooksslifeexperiences.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooksstranslationskills.語篇Onthewhole,Brookssstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewould

expect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandout

abovetherest...WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemo-

rablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithThe

Social

Animallieelse-where.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrookssattempttotranslatehistale

intoscience.解讀最后兩句提到了這本書的一些問題。由此推斷出,接下來文章可能

要講到這本書中存在的一些問題。故選A。推測詞義題高考

英語專題十一推測詞義推測代詞指代含義1.宏觀把握:充分把握代詞指代內(nèi)容涉及段落的整體意義。2.微觀入手:抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句,弄清邏輯關(guān)系?！纠?】ItwasNewYearsnight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.

Heraisedhissadeyestowardsthedeepbluesky,wherethestarswerefloat-

inglikewhitelilies(百合花)onthesurfaceofaclearcalmlake.Thenhe

castthemontheearth,wherefewmorehopelesspeoplethanhimselfmoved

towardstheircertaingoal—thetomb.解讀根據(jù)第三句中Heraisedhissadeyestowardsthedeepbluesky(他抬

起悲傷的眼睛看向深藍的天空)及畫線詞所在句子中的Thenhecastthemontheearth可知,畫線詞“them”指代上文的hissadeyes(他悲傷的眼睛)。

推測其他畫線單詞或短語的含義1.依據(jù)定義推測詞義在許多情況下,文章的作者估計某個詞一般讀者不熟悉,則會在文章中給

出該詞的定義或解釋。通過閱讀定義和解釋部分,讀者便可理解該詞的

基本含義。線索詞有that,which,is等?！纠?】Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfresh

air.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.解讀is后面是對畫線詞的明確定義。什么系統(tǒng)或什么手段才能提供新

鮮空氣呢?由此推斷畫線詞意為“通風系統(tǒng)”。2.依據(jù)同位語推測詞義通常引出該詞同位語的詞語有thatis,inotherwords等,還有的同位語憑借

括號或破折號出現(xiàn)?！纠?】Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existinthe

U.S.today.解讀由同位語anendangeredwildcat可推斷畫線詞ocelots是指一種瀕臨

滅絕的野貓。3.依據(jù)文章中的舉例推測詞義在閱讀理解中,考生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子,從具體到一般,推斷出該詞

的意思。【例4】Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreatpowerpolitiesbetweennationstates.Itwillprovidemorespacetostudyparticularissuessuchas

therelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropeanUnion,thirdworlddebt,

localandinternationaldisagreement,andtheworkofsuchinternationalbod-

iesastheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,NATO,andtheWorldBank.解讀根據(jù)suchas后面列舉的一系列例子可推斷句中的issues指“議

題”。4.依據(jù)對比、比較或并列關(guān)系推測詞義能體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系、比較或并列關(guān)系的詞匯主要有but,yet,however,while,

unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,incontrastto,and等。分號也可表示

對比?！纠?】Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.解讀句中的副詞similarly表明lovestotalk和loquacious意義相近。由此

可推斷出loquacious意為“健談的”。5.依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義考生要了解構(gòu)詞法知識,尤其要注意合成詞和派生詞,可以從該詞的各個

部分的特定意思及上下文推測出該詞的意思?！纠?】Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sex

schools?解讀根據(jù)educational(教育的),結(jié)合前綴co-(共同,一起)和single-sex

schools,可推測co-educational的意思是“男女同校的”。6.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義常見的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accord-

ingly,so...that,such...that等。【例7】Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上司),itwouldbepresumptu-

ousofmetotellyouwhattodo.解讀根據(jù)since引導的原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容(既然你是我的上司)和下文

tellyouwhattodo(告訴你做什么)可以推斷出“presumptuous”意為“自

負的,冒昧的”。7.依據(jù)上下文推測詞義【例8】Iguessthattheresprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,or

socialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohel