關(guān)于物理的常用詞匯

關(guān)于物理的常用詞匯據(jù)360教育集團(tuán)介紹：absoluteacceleration絕對(duì)加速度absoluteerror絕對(duì)誤差absolutemotion絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)absolutetemperature絕對(duì)溫度absolutevelocity絕對(duì)速度absolutezero絕對(duì)零度absorption吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加速運(yùn)動(dòng)accelerationofgravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidentalerror偶然誤差acoustics聲學(xué)actingforce作用力adjustment調(diào)節(jié)aether以太airpump抽氣機(jī)airtable氣墊桌airtrack氣墊導(dǎo)軌alternatingcurrentcircuit交流電路alternatingcurrentgenerator交流發(fā)電機(jī)alternatingcurrent交流電altimeter測(cè)高儀ammeter安培計(jì)amperemeter電流計(jì)ampere安培Ampere‘sexperiment安培實(shí)驗(yàn)Ampere’sforce安培力Ampere‘slaw安培定律amperemeter安培計(jì)amplitude振幅angleofrotation自轉(zhuǎn)角，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角angularacceleration角加速度angulardisplacement角位移angularvelocity角速度anion負(fù)離子anisotropy各向異性annihilation湮沒(méi)anode陽(yáng)極antenna天線appliedphysics應(yīng)用物理學(xué)Archimedesprinciple阿基米德原理area面積argumentation論證argument輻角astigmatoscope散光鏡atomicnucleus原子核atomicphysics原子物理學(xué)atomicspectrum原子光譜atomicstructure原子結(jié)構(gòu)atom原子Atwood’smachine阿特伍德機(jī)averagepower平均功率averagevelocity平均速度Avogadroconstant阿伏加德羅常數(shù)Avogadrolaw阿伏加德羅定律balance天平ballisticgalvanometer沖擊電流計(jì)bandspectrum帶狀譜barometer氣壓計(jì)basicquantity基本量basicunits基本單位batterycharger電池充電器battery,accumulator蓄電池battery電池組beam光束betatron電子感應(yīng)加速器Bohratommodel玻爾原子模型boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)boiling沸騰bounce反彈boundcharge束縛電荷boundelectron束縛電子branchcircuit支路breakdown擊穿brightness亮度buoyancyforce浮力calorifics熱學(xué)camera照相機(jī)capacitance電容capacitor電容器capillarity毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象cathoderay陰極射線cathode-raytube陰極射線管cathode陰極cation正離子cell電池Celsiusscale攝氏溫標(biāo)centreofgravity重心centreofmass質(zhì)心centrifugalforce離心力centripetalacceleration向心加速度centripetalforce向心力chainreaction鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)chaos混沌characteristicspectrum特征光譜chargedbody帶電體chargedparticle帶電粒子charge充電circularholediffraction圓孔衍射circularmotion圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)classicalmechanics經(jīng)典力學(xué)classicalphysics經(jīng)典物理學(xué)cloudchamber云室coefficientofmaximumstaticfriction最大靜摩摩系數(shù)coefficientofrestitution恢復(fù)系數(shù)coefficientofslidingfriction滑動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)coefficient系數(shù)coherentlight相干光源coil線圈collision碰撞componentforce分力componentvelocity分速度compositionofforces力的合成compositionofvelocities速度的合成compression壓縮concavelens凹透鏡concavemirror凹面鏡concurrentforce共點(diǎn)力condensation凝結(jié)condenser電容器conductingmedium導(dǎo)電介質(zhì)conductor導(dǎo)體conservativeforcefield保守力場(chǎng)conservativeforce保守力constantforce恒力constant常量continuousspectrum連續(xù)譜convergentlens會(huì)聚透鏡convexlens凸透鏡convexmirror凸面鏡coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系coplanarforce共面力Corolisforce科里奧利力corpuscularproperty粒子性corpusculartheory微粒說(shuō)Coulombforce庫(kù)侖力coulomb庫(kù)侖Coulomb‘slaw庫(kù)侖定律counter計(jì)數(shù)器creation產(chǎn)生creepage漏電crest波峰criticalangle臨界角criticalresistance臨界電阻criticaltemperature臨界溫度crystal晶體currentdensity電流密度currentelement電流元currentsource電流源currentstrength電流強(qiáng)度curvilinearmotion曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)cyclotron回旋加速器dampedvibration阻尼振動(dòng)damping阻尼Daniellcell丹聶耳電池dataprocessing數(shù)據(jù)處理data數(shù)據(jù)decay衰變definitionofampere安培的定義defocusing散集density密度derivedquantity導(dǎo)出量derivedunit導(dǎo)出單位dielectric電介質(zhì)diffractionpattern衍射圖樣diffraction衍射diffusereflection漫反射digitaltimer數(shù)字計(jì)時(shí)器dimensionalexponent量綱指數(shù)dimension量綱diode二級(jí)管diopter屈光度directcurrent,DC直流directimpact正碰directmeasurement直接測(cè)量discharge放電disorder無(wú)序dispersion色散displacement位移divergentlens發(fā)散透鏡Dopplereffect多普勒效應(yīng)doubleslitdiffraction雙縫衍射drivingforce驅(qū)動(dòng)力drycell干電池echo回聲eddycurrent渦流effectivevalue有效值elasticbody彈性體elasticforce彈［性］力elasticity彈性electriccharge電荷electriccircuit電路electriccorona電暈electricenergy電能electricfield電場(chǎng)electricfieldintensity電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度electricfieldline電場(chǎng)線electricflux電通量electricleakage漏電electricneutrality電中性electricpotential電位，電勢(shì)electricpotentialdifference電位差，電勢(shì)差electricpotentialenergy電位能electricpower電功率electricquantity電量electrification起電electrificationbyfriction摩擦起電electrifiedbody帶電體electrode電極electrolysis電解electrolyte電解質(zhì)electromagneticdamping電磁阻尼electromagneticinduction電磁感應(yīng)electromagneticradiation電磁輻射electromagneticwave電磁波electromagneticwavespectrum電磁波譜electromagnetisminductionphenomenon電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象electromagnet電磁體electrometer靜電計(jì)electromotiveforce電動(dòng)勢(shì)electron電子electronbeam電子束electroncloud電子云electronmicroscope電子顯微鏡electronvolt電子伏特electroscope驗(yàn)電器electrostaticequilibrium靜電平衡electrostaticinduction靜電感應(yīng)electrostaticscreening靜電屏蔽elementarycharge基本電荷，元電荷energy能量energylevel能級(jí)equilibrium平衡equilibriumcondition平衡條件equilibriumofforces力的平衡equilibriumposition平衡位置equilibriumstate平衡態(tài)equivalentsourcetheorem等效電源定理erectimage正像error誤差ether以太evaporation蒸發(fā)excitation激發(fā)excitationstate激發(fā)態(tài)experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)experimentalphysics實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)externalforce外力eyepiece目鏡farsight遠(yuǎn)視Faradaycylinder法拉第圓筒Faradaylawofelectromagneticinduction法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律Faraday’slawofelectromagneticinduct法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律farad法拉(電容的單位)filminterference薄膜干涉finalvelocity末速度f(wàn)irstcosmicvelocity第一宇宙速度f(wàn)ission裂變fixed-axisrotation定軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)flotationbalance浮力秤fluid流體focallength焦距focusing調(diào)焦，聚焦focus焦點(diǎn)force力forcedvibration受迫振動(dòng)fractal分形freecharge自由電荷freeelectron自由電子freeperiod自由周期freezingpoint凝固點(diǎn)frequency頻率frictionforce摩擦力fusion聚變galvanometer電流計(jì)gas氣體generalphysics普通物理學(xué)generator發(fā)電機(jī)goodconductor良導(dǎo)體gravitation引力gravity重力gravitationalpotentialenergy重力勢(shì)能gravityfield重力場(chǎng)groundearth接地groundstate基態(tài)groundwire地線hadron強(qiáng)子halflifeperiod半衰期heat熱heattransfer傳熱henry亨利hertz赫茲(頻率的單位)Hookelaw胡克定律humidity濕度hydrogen氫原子hypothesis假設(shè)icepoint冰點(diǎn)idealgas理想氣體image像imagedistance像距imageheight像高imaging成像imperfectinelasticcollision非完全彈性碰撞impulse沖量incidentangle入射角incidentray入射線indirectmeasurement間接測(cè)量inducedelectriccurrent感應(yīng)電流inducedelectricfield感應(yīng)電場(chǎng)inductioncurrent感應(yīng)電流inductionelectromotiveforce感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)inductionmotor感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)inertia慣性inertialforce慣性力inertialsystem慣性系infraredray紅外線infrasonicwave次聲波initialphase初位相initialvelocity初速度input輸入instantaneouspower瞬時(shí)功率instantaneousvelocity瞬時(shí)速度instrument儀器insulatedconductor絕緣導(dǎo)體insulatingmedium絕緣介質(zhì)insulator絕緣體intensityofsound聲強(qiáng)interference干涉interferencefringe干涉條紋interferencepattern干涉圖樣interferometer干涉儀internalenergy內(nèi)能internalforce內(nèi)力internalresistance內(nèi)阻intonation聲調(diào)invertedimage倒像invisiblelight不可見(jiàn)光ionbeam離子束ionization電離irreversibleprocess不可逆過(guò)程isobaricprocess等壓過(guò)程isobar等壓線isochoricprocess等體積過(guò)程isothermal等溫線isothermalprocess等溫過(guò)程isotope同位素isotropy各向同性joule焦耳（功的單位）Jouleheat焦耳熱Joulelaw焦耳定律Joule‘law焦耳定律Keplerlaw開(kāi)普勒定律kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)kineticenergy動(dòng)能Laplace’sequation拉普拉斯方程laser激光，激光器law定律lawofconservationofangularmomentum角動(dòng)量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律lawofconservationofmass質(zhì)量守恒定律lawofconservationofmechanicalenergy機(jī)械能守恒定律lawofconservationofmomentum動(dòng)量守恒定律lawofelectricchargeconservation電荷守恒定律LeSystèmeInternationald`Unitès國(guó)際單位制(SI)lead導(dǎo)線length長(zhǎng)度lens透鏡lensformula透鏡公式Lenz‘slaw楞次定律lepton輕子Lightray光線lightsource光源lightwave光波lightningrod避雷針light光linespectrum線狀譜linesofcurrent電流線linesofforceofelectricfield電力線liquefaction液化liquefactionpoint液化點(diǎn)liquid液體longitudinalwave縱波loop回路Lorentzforce洛侖茲力luminousintensity發(fā)光強(qiáng)度magneticfield磁場(chǎng)magneticfieldintensity磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度magneticfieldline磁場(chǎng)線magneticinductionflux磁感應(yīng)通量magneticinduction磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度magneticinductionline磁感應(yīng)線magneticmaterial磁性材料magneticneedle磁針magneticpole磁極magnetics磁學(xué)magnetism磁學(xué)magnetization磁化magnet磁體magnification放大率magnifier放大鏡，放大器manometer流體壓強(qiáng)計(jì)mass質(zhì)量massdefect質(zhì)量虧損mass-energyequation質(zhì)能方程matter物質(zhì)matterwave物質(zhì)波Maxwell’sequations麥克斯韋方程組meanspeed平均速率meanvelocity平均速度measurement測(cè)量mechanicalenergy機(jī)械能mechanicalmotion機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)mechanicalvibration機(jī)械振動(dòng)mechanics力學(xué)medium介質(zhì)meltingfusion熔化meltingpoint熔點(diǎn)metrerule米尺microdetector靈敏電流計(jì)micrometercaliper螺旋測(cè)微器microscope顯微鏡microscopicparticle微觀粒子mirrorreflection鏡面反射mirror鏡mixedunitsystem混合單位制modernphysics現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)molarvolume摩爾體積molecularspectrum分子光譜molecularstructure分子結(jié)構(gòu)momentofforce力矩momentumofelectromagneticfield電磁場(chǎng)的動(dòng)量momentum動(dòng)量motor電動(dòng)機(jī)multimeter多用［電］表musicalquality音色Npole北極naturalfrequency固有頻率naturallight自然光negativecharge負(fù)電荷negativecrystal負(fù)晶體negativeion負(fù)離子negativeplate負(fù)極板network網(wǎng)絡(luò)neutralization中和neutron中子newton牛頓（力的單位）Newtonfirstlaw牛頓第一定律Newtonsecondlaw牛頓第二定律Newtonthirdlaw牛頓第三定律nonequilibriumstate非平衡態(tài)northpole北極nucleusforce核力nucleusofcondensation凝結(jié)核object物objectdistance物距objectheight物高objective物鏡observation觀察Oersted‘sexperiment奧斯特實(shí)驗(yàn)ohm歐姆Ohmlaw歐姆定律ohmmeter歐姆計(jì)Ohm’slaw歐姆定律opencircuit開(kāi)路opticalbench光具座opticalcentreoflens透鏡光心opticalfiber光導(dǎo)纖維opticalglass光學(xué)玻璃opticalinstrument光學(xué)儀器opticallever光杠桿opticalpathdifference光程差opticalpath光程(路)opticallydensermedium光密介質(zhì)opticallythinnermedium光疏介質(zhì)optics光學(xué)orbit軌道order有序oscillograph示波器output輸出overweight超重parallelconnectionofcondensers電容器的并聯(lián)parallelogramrule平行四邊形定律parallel-resonancecircuit并聯(lián)諧振電路parameter參量particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)，粒子Pascallaw帕斯卡定律path路程peak峰值pendulum擺penumbra半影perfectconductor理想導(dǎo)體perfectelasticcollision完全彈性碰撞perfectinelasticcollision完全非彈性碰撞periodicity周期性period周期periscope潛望鏡permanentmagnet永磁體permittivityofvacuum真空介電常數(shù)permittivity電容率phase位相phenomenon現(xiàn)象photocurrent光電流photoelectriccell光電管photoelectriceffect光電效應(yīng)photoelectron光電子photography照相術(shù)photon光子physicalbalance物理天平physicalquantity物理量physics物理學(xué)piezometer壓強(qiáng)計(jì)pitch音調(diào)Planckconstant普朗克常量plasma等離子體pointcharge點(diǎn)電荷polarization偏振polarizedlight偏振光polycrystal多晶體poorconductor不良導(dǎo)體positivecharge正電荷positivecrystal正晶體positiveion正離子positiveplate正極板positron正電子potentialenergy勢(shì)能potentiometer電位差計(jì)power功率pressure壓強(qiáng)，壓力primarycoil原線圈principleofconstancyoflightvelocity光速不變?cè)韕rism棱鏡projectile拋體projectilemotion拋體運(yùn)動(dòng)projector投影儀proton質(zhì)子pulley滑輪pulleyblock滑輪組quantityofheat熱量quantization量子化quantum量子quantummechanics量子力學(xué)quantumnumber量子數(shù)radar雷達(dá)radioactivesource放射源radiusofgyration回旋半徑randommotion無(wú)規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)range量程ratedvoltage額定電壓reactingforce反作用力realimage實(shí)像realobject實(shí)物reasoning推理recoil反沖rectilinearmotion直線運(yùn)動(dòng)referenceframe參考系，坐標(biāo)系referencesystem參考系reflectedangle反射角reflectedray反射線reflectioncoefficient反射系數(shù)reflectionlaw反射定律reflectivity反射率refractedangle折射角refractedray折射線refractionlaw折射定律refractioncoefficient折射系數(shù)refractiveindex折射率relativeacceleration相對(duì)加速度relativeerror相對(duì)誤差relativemotion相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)relativevelocity相對(duì)速度relativity相對(duì)論resistance電阻resistancebox電阻箱resistivity電阻率resistor電阻［器］resolutionofforce力的分解resolutionofvelocity速度的分解resonance共振，共鳴resonantfrequency共振頻率resultantforce合力resultantvelocity合速度reversibilityofopticalpath光路可逆性reversibleprocess可逆過(guò)程rheostat變阻器right-handscrewrule右手螺旋定則rocker火箭rotatingmagneticfield旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)rotation自轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)Rutherfordscattering盧瑟福散射Rutherford［α-particlescattering］experiment盧瑟福［α散射］實(shí)驗(yàn)Spole南極saturation飽和scalar標(biāo)量scalarfield標(biāo)量場(chǎng)scanner掃描器secondcosmicvelocity第二宇宙速度selectiveabsorption選擇吸收self-inducedelectromotiveforce自感電動(dòng)勢(shì)self-inductance自感self-inductionphenomenon自感系數(shù)semiconductor半導(dǎo)體semi-transparentfilm半透膜sensitivegalvanometer靈敏電流計(jì)sensitivity靈敏度sensitometer感光計(jì)sensor傳感器seriesconnectionofcondensers電容器的串聯(lián)series-resonancecircuit串聯(lián)諧振電路shortcircuit短路shortsight近視shuntresistor分流電阻significantfigure有效數(shù)字simpleharmonicmotion(SHM)簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng)simpleharmonicwave簡(jiǎn)諧波simplependulum單擺singlecrystal（monocrystal）單晶體singleslitdiffraction單縫衍射sinusoidalalternatingcurrent簡(jiǎn)諧交流電sinusoidalcurrent正弦式電流slidingfriction滑動(dòng)摩擦slit狹縫solarcell太陽(yáng)能電池solenoid螺線管solidification凝固solidifyingpoint凝固點(diǎn)solid固體solution溶液solvation溶解sonar聲納soundsource聲源soundvelocity聲速soundwave聲波sound聲［音］source電源southpole南極space空間sparkdischarge火花放電specialrelativity狹義相對(duì)論specificheatcapacity比熱容spectacles眼鏡spectralanalysis光譜分析spectralline［光］譜線spectrograph攝譜儀spectrography攝譜學(xué)spectroscopy光譜學(xué)spectrum光譜speed速率sphericalmirror球面鏡spontaneousradiation自發(fā)輻射springbalance彈簧秤stability穩(wěn)定性stabilizedcurrentsupply穩(wěn)流電源stabilizedvoltagesupply穩(wěn)壓電源standardatmosphericpressure標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓standardcell標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電池standingwave駐波staticfriction靜摩擦stationarystate定態(tài)steadycurrent恒定電流steadycurrentsource恒流源steadyvoltagesource恒壓源steampoint汽點(diǎn)stiffness勁度［系數(shù)］stimulatedradiation受激輻射stopwatch停表sublimation升華superconductivity超導(dǎo)［電］性superconductor超導(dǎo)體superpositionprincipleofelectricfield電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度疊加原理superpositiontheorem疊加定律supersaturation過(guò)度飽和supersonicspeed超聲速supersonicwave超聲波supplytransformer電源變壓器surfaceresistance表面電阻switch開(kāi)關(guān)systemofconcurrentforces共點(diǎn)力系systemofparticles質(zhì)點(diǎn)系systemofunits單位制systematicerror系統(tǒng)誤差telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡temperature溫度tension張力thelawofgravity萬(wàn)有引力定律theorem原理theoremofkineticenergy動(dòng)能定理theoremofmomentum動(dòng)量定理theoreticalphysics理論物理學(xué)theory理論thermalcapacity熱容［量］thermalequilibrium熱平衡thermalmotion熱運(yùn)動(dòng)thermal