英語一模擬卷2附答案

2016年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考英語（一）（科目代碼終極預(yù)測試卷（二2B 入學(xué)考試英語（一）模擬試題Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Cultureisanactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanfeeling.1ofinformationhavenothingtodowithit.Amerelywell-informedmanisthemostuseless2onGod’searth.Whatweshould3atproducingismenwho4bothcultureandexpertknowledgeinsomespecialdirection.Theirexpertknowledgewillgivethemthegroundtostart5,andtheirculturewillleadthemas6asphilosophyandashighas7.Wehavetorememberthatthevaluable8developmentisself-development,andthatit9takesplacebetweensofsixteenandthirty.Astotraining,themostimportantpartisgivenbymothersbeforeoftwelve.Intrainingachildtoactivityofthought,aboveallthingswemust10ofwhatIwillcall“inertideas”——thatistosay,ideasthataremerely11intothemindwithoutbeing12,ortested,orthrownintofreshcombinations.Inthehistoryofeducation,themost13phenomenonisthatschoolsoflearning,whichatoneepocharealivewithacrazeforgenius,ina14generationexhibitmerelypedantryandroutine.Thereasonisthattheyareoverladenwithinertideas.Exceptat15intervalsofinlectualmotivation,educationinthepasthasbeenradically16withinertideas.Thatisthereasonwhy17cleverwomen,whohaveseenmuchoftheworld,areinmiddlelifesomuchthemostculturedpartofthecommunity.Theyhavebeensavedfromthishorrible18ofinertideas.Everyinlectualrevolutionwhichhaseverstirredhumanity19greatnesshasbeena20againstinertideas.［D］in ［ Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40TextAttherootofBritishdeclinewasthepersistencewellintothetwentiethcenturyoftheveryorganizationalstructuresthathadbroughtBritaintodominanceinthenineteenthcentury.Fundamentally,Britain’seconomicproblemwasnotits“bloody-mindedworkers”butits“narrow-mindedmanagers.”MajorBritishfirmscontinuedtobecontrolledbyproprietaryinterests,who,forfearoflosingfinancialandmanagerialcontrolovertheirenterprises,failedtomaketheinvestmentsinmanagerialstructures!ThatcametocharacterizesuccessfulcapitalistdevelopmentineconomiessuchastheUnitedStates,Germany,andJapan.Withtheconsolidationof“managerialcapitalism”inthesenationsinthefirstdecadesofthiscentury,businessthatdidnotbuildmanagerialstructurestoplanandcoordinatemanufacturingandmarketingcouldnothopetocompeteeffectivelyininternationalcompetitionformassmarkets.Ofparticularrelevancetothestorybeingtoldhere,intheabsenceofinvestmentsinmanagerialstructures,proprietaryfirmscontinuedtorelyonmanualworkerstocoordinatetheflowofwork,thedivisionoflabor,andthetrainingofyoungrecruitsontheshop-floor.Inthetwentiethcenturyasinthenineteenthcentury,therelianceofBritishcapitalistsonshop-floorlabortocoordinateproductionactivitiescontinuedtohavetheadvantageoffixedcoststhatwerelowrelativetotheorganizationalandtechnologicalinvestmentscharacterizingmanagerialcapitalismasitwasdeveloelsewhere.But,overthecourseofthetwentiethcentury,asmanagerialenterprisesinplacessuchastheUnitedStates,Germany,andJapanbegantotransformthehighfixedcostsoftheirinnovativeinvestmentstrategiesintolowunitcosts,thevalue-creatingadvantagesofBritain’slowfixedcost,labor-intensivestrategybecameincreasinglydifficulttomaintain.AswasthecaseintheexpansionoftheBritishcottontextileindustrybeforeWorldWarI,valuecreationcametodependincreasinglyonthesupplyofgreatereffortbyshop-floorworkersratherthanontheplannedcoordinationofeffort-savingtechnologybymanagers.TheBritishlabor-intensivestrategy,withitslowfixedcostsandrelianceonworkereffort,couldcompeteforatimeagainsthighfixedcostcompetition.But,withthedevelopmentandutilizationofeffortsavingtechnologieselsewhere,thecompetitivecapabilitiesofBritisheffort-usingstrategiesreachedtheirsocialandtechnicallimits.Bythefirstdecadesofthetwentiethcentury,therefore,Britainwasnolongertheworkshopoftheworld.Textilesandironandsteel,alongwithmetalworkingindustriesproducingships, engines,andtextilemachineryhadformedthemanufacturingbasisofthenation’snineteenth-centuryeconomicAccordingtothisarticle,whatisthereasonfortheBritish［A］Theworkersdidn’twork［B］Theownersofenterpriseswerenarrow-mindedandtheywereunwillingtorenovateitsorganizationalstructure.［C］“Managerialcapitalism”wasconsolidatedinothercountriesinthefirstdecadesofthetwentiethcentury.［D］BothBandBritain ［A］effort-［B］highfixedinnovative［C］labor-［D］capital-BeforeWorldWarI,Britishcottontextileindustry’svaluecreationdependedon.［A］lowfixed［B］utilizationofeffort-saving［C］greatereffortbyshop-floorcharacterizestheUnitedStates,GermanyandJapan’ssuccessfulcapitalist［A］Lowfixed［B］Utilizationofeffort-saving［C］Greatereffortbyshop-floor［D］InvestmentsinmanagerialWhichofthefollowingisn’ttrueaboutmanagerialcapitalismaccordingtothis［A］Onlythoseenterprisesthatbuiltmanagerialstructurecouldhopetocompeteeffectivelyinternationalcompetitioninthetwentieth［B］Managerialcapitalismwascharacterizedbyorganizationalandtechnological［C］Nowcomparedwiththeinnovativeinvestmentstrategies,thelabo-intensivestrategystillhadadvantageinvalue-creatingbecauseofitslowfixedcosts.［D］AandBareTextBackinthe1870s,CharlesDarwin’scousinFrancisGaltonwantedtodefinethefaceofacriminal.Heassembledphotographsofmenconvictedofheinouscrimesandmadeacompositebyliningthemuponasinglephotographicplate.Thesurprise:everybodylikedthevillain,includingGaltonhimself.Hereasonedthatthevillainousirregularitieshesupposedbelongedtocriminalfaceshaddisappearedintheaveragingprocess.Inthenextcentury,scientistsbegantoshowreliablythatfacescombineddigitallyoncomputerswerelikable—moresothantheindividualfacesfromwhichtheywerecomposed.AlthoughpeopleclearlyadmirethelonglegsofBrazilianmodelAnaHickmannorDollyParton’sbreasts,ingeneralhumanslikeaverages.Researchersconfirmedthathumansjudgerealfacesbytheirdifferencesorsimilaritiesfromanorm.Buttheyalsofoundthatthenormcanchangequickly.Whenresearchersshowed164peoplesetsof100computer-generatedfacesrepresentingaslowtransitionfrommaletofemale—andfromJapanesetoCaucasian—itturnedoutthatthetestsubjects’ideaofwhatconstitutean“average”faceshifteddependingonthefirstfacetheysaw.Whentheywereflashedasupermasculinefacefirst,morefacesonthespectrumimpressedthem,bycontrast,asfemale.Themasculinefacehad,ineffect,setastandard.Fromthenon,otherfaceshadtobemoremasculineinordertorateasbelongingtothegender.Thestudynotedasimilarshiftusingascaleoffacesmovingfromsurprisetodisgust.Theauthors,whopublishedtheirresultsinthejournalNature,concludethatinreallifewealsoquicklychangeourperceptionofthemidpoint—what’snormal—dependingonwhatwesee.Wemaynotbeawarethatourjudgmenthaschanged;wesimplyseedifferently,saysMichaelWebster,apsychologistattheUniversityofNevadainRenoandcoauthorofthestudy.Oneimplicationisthatindividualandsocialattitudestowardwhat’sacceptable,andwhat’sbeautiful,changeovertime.“Ifyoulookatplastic-surgerytrends,inthe1950sand1960syousawlittleupturnednoses,”notesHarvardpsychologistNancyEtcoff,authorofthebookSurvivalofthePrettiest:TheScienceofBeauty.“Nowthenosesarebroaderandthelipsareplumper.Weareseeingimagesfromaroundtheglobe,andit’schangingourideaoftheaverage.”Soifyou’reunhappywithsomeaspectofyourface,takecomfort:beautyisamovingtarget.FrancisGalton’stestshows ［A］peoplepreferaveragefacestothosewithconspicuous［B］sometimesevilshavemoreattractive［C］itishardtodistinguishbetweencriminalsandordinary［D］theresultoftryingtoreadfacesisashocktoaverageBymentioningtheexperimentinthesecondparagraph,theauthorimplies ［A］ourdefinitionofwhat’snormalvarieswith［B］ourfocusofattentionvarieswithgenderand［C］ourdefinitionofwhat’saveragechangesover［D］ourfocusofattentionisdistractedwhenIfresearcherswantthesubjectstoregardmorefacesasmale,theyshould ［A］amoremasculineface［B］amorefeminineface［C］alessmasculineface［D］alessfemininefaceTheword“perception”inthethirdparagraphprobably Wecaninferfromthelastparagraph ［A］upturnednoseswillsoonbeconsidered［B］defectsinfacialfeaturesmaysomedaybe［C］plastic-surgeryisawell-developed［D］peopleshouldbeconfidentoftheirTextIwonderhowtoday’sadvicecolumnistsmighthandleaqueryJohnDunton—aLondonprinterandbooksellerwhoofferedtoanswerquestionsfromreadersofhisperiodical,TheAthenianMercury—receivedin1691.SomeoneaskedDuntonwhatamanshoulddoifhismotherandhissweetheartwereinequalperilatthesametime.Whichoneshouldhesave?Duntonsuggestedthat“weesteemitmoregenerous,wereitpossible,todiehimselfthanloseeither.”GallantMr.DuntonappearsnearlyhalfwaythroughMaryBethNorton’ssuggestiveifidiosyncraticnewbook,“SeparatedbyTheirSex.”Heisanegativecharacterinthestory,sinceNortonassignshimtheroleofdefiningwomenassuitedtothesoftgloriesofhomelifeandmenasstriversinthepublicworld.Hiscourtesywaspartofalargerefforttokeepthe“fairsex”awayfrompoliticalpower.Orsoitseems.Norton,aprofessorofhistoryatCornell,contendsthatinabouttheyearsbetween1640and1760menwereincreasinglyviewedaspublicbeingsandwomenasprivateones.HerbookpresentscasestudiesfrombothsidesoftheEnglish-speakingAtlanticworldtoargueforafundamentalshiftindefinitionsofpoliticalcapacity.Atfirst,statusmatteredmorethangender.That“before”picturewaswonderfulforfemalearistocrats.Theycouldsometimesvote,andtheyintervenedinpoliticalaffairsearlyandoften.InNorton’sfirstchapter,forexample,LadyFrancesBerkeley,thewifeofVirginia’sernorinthelate17thcentury,insultsthreeofherhusband’sopponentsbysendingthepublichangmantowaituponthem,asiftheywerecriminalswhodeservednobetterservant.Butby ofthebook,evenfemalearistocratshadbeenshooedhomeandtheirviewsofpublicaffairsreducedtotea-tablegossip.PoliticswasnowamasculineNortonyzestighteningverbalassociations—“public”equalsmenand“private”equalswomen—inseveralkindsofwriting.Theseincludepublishedliteraturethattoldmenandwomenhowtobehave,aswithDunton’sMercury.Shealsodissectsunpublishedwritingsthatshowedsomeacceptanceofthechangingbehavioralnorms,asintwointerludesthatexaminethediaryoftheAmericancolonistSarahKembleKnightandthecorrespondenceofHesterGranvillePittandLadyChatham.Thematerialsarerich,butmosthistorianswillbesurprisedthatNortongoesafterthemwiththeequivalentofapowertoolthathaslostitsedge.Theideaofseparatespheresformenandwomenhasbeenapointofysis,ifnotcontention,foratleastagenerationofwomen’shistorians.Manyscholarshaveconcludedthatanynotionofacompleteseparationismisleading,becauseexceptionsandcrossoversweresofrequent.Forthatreason,itishardtolwhetherNortonisright.Hercasesmaymatchherysis,butaretheytheonlyonesthatexisted?Moreover,Nortoncharacterizesherbookasdescriptive—itexplainswhathappened,butnotwhy.Thatweakensitsimpact.Nearthebook’send,shelistsseveralfactorsthatmighthaveencouragedtheseparationofthesexes:changesinpoliticalideas,commercializationofeconomicrelationsandnewtheoriesaboutmaleandfemalebodies.Butgivenheremphasisonlanguage,itisnotclearwhysheoffhandedlylumpsthetopicofpoliticalthoughtinwitheconomicsandmedicalscience.Shouldn’tthelanguageofpoliticalideologyhavebeenwhatsheexploredanddefended?Thetimidityofthesummarydoesn’tmatchanotherwiseboldbook.ThestoryofDuntoninthefirstparagraphis ［A］explorehowthecolumnistsnowadaysanswerthequestionsDuntonusedto［B］preparefortheintroductionofNorton’sopinions,andimplytheauthor’sdisagreementwithheropinionstosomedegree［C］elaboratethereasonswhyGallantMr.DuntonisanegativecharacterinNorton’snew［D］supporttheideasinNorton’snewAccordingtoMaryBeth ［A］thestoryofLadyFrancesBerkeleyillustratesthatwomenhavebeenplayingaroleinpoliticalaffairs［B］onlyfemalearistocratshadtherighttobeengagedinpolitical ofthebook,femaleswereengagedinpoliticalaffairstothetea-［D］femalesgraduallylosttheirrightstobeengagedinpoliticalAccordingtoNorton,Dunton’s ［A］madewomennotsocloselyassociatedwithpublic［B］placedhimselfinanegative［C］indicatedhisacceptanceofbehavioral［D］wastheperfectillustrationoftheideasinthenewNorton’scasesperfectlymatchingthe ［A］provedthatherideaswerenot［B］surprisedthemajorityof［C］wasbecauseofignoringsomeexampleswhicharedisadvantageoustoher［D］wasmisleadingbecausetheremustbesomeexceptionsandTheauthorthinksthatofNorton’s ［A］isdescriptiveandtheimpactis［B］doesn’tmatchtheprudentstyleof［C］factorsthatmighthaveencouragedtheseparationofthesexesarenot［D］makesthereadersTextEversinceAlGoreinventedit,theInternethasbeenaparadiseforthosewithacreativeattitudetofacts.Students,forexample,commissionandsellessayswithsucheasetherethatonline“papermills”devotedtothistradeareoneofthefew businessmodelsstillthriving.Withafewclicksofamouse,astudentcancontractoutanyacademicchoreto“research”sitessuchasGortheEvilHouseofCheating.Onemarketopportunity,however,frequentlycreatesanother.Thepastfewmonthshaveseenarapidriseininterestinsoftwaredesignedtocatchthecheats.ThesubscriberbaseofTurnitin,aleadinganti-softwarehousebasedinOakland,California,hasrisenby25%sincethebeginningoftheyear.Around150,000studentsinAmericaaloneareunderitsbeadyelectroniceye.AndinBritain,theJointinformationSystemsCommittee,theunitresponsibleforadvisingthecountry’suniversitiesoninformationtechnology,hastestedthefirm’ssoftwareinthefivecolleges.Ifitgoeswell,everyuniversitylecturerinthecountrywillsoonbeabletoinspecthisstudents’submissionswithit.Turnitin’ssoftwarechopseachpapersubmittedforscrutinyintosmallpiecesoftext.Theresulting“digitalfingerprint”iscompared,usingstatisticaltechniquesoriginallydesignedtoyzebrainwaves(JohnBarrie,thefirm’sfounder,waspreviouslyabiophysicist),tomorethanabillion sthathavebeenfingerprintedinasimilarfashion.Theseincludethecontentsofonlinepapermills,theclassicsofliteratureandthefirm’sownarchiveofallsubmittedtermpapers,aswellasasnapshotofthecurrentcontentsoftheWorldWideWeb.Wheneveramatchingpatternisfound,thesoftwaremakesanote.Afterhighlightinginstancesofreplication,orobviousparaphrasing(accordingtoTurnitin,some30%ofsubmittedpapersare“l(fā)essthanoriginal”),thecomputerrunningthesoftwarereturnstheinterpreted totheteacherwhooriginallysubmittedit—leavinghimwiththefinaldecisiononwhatisandisnotpermissible.Whichteachersandinstitutionswillchoosetoemploysuchsoftware?Pastresearchhasshownthat,perhapssurprisingly,academicdishonestylinkswithhighacademicachievement.Norispublicexposureofwidespreadcheatinglikelytopolishauniversity’sreputation.Universitieswiththehighest-achievingstudentsandthemostfaultlessreputationsmaythereforehavethemosttolosefromanti-software.Indeed,acuriouspatternhasemergedamongTurnitin’sclients:gooduniversities,suchasDuke,RutgersandCornell,employit.Thosethatliketothinkofthemselvesastop-notch,suchasPrinceton,YaleandStanford,donot.AccordingtoDr.Barrie,“YouapplyourtechnologyatHarvardanditwouldbelikeanuclearbombgoingoff.”Fromparagraphone,welearn ［A］withInternet,studentsmayfinditevenmoredifficulttodoresearch［B］Internethasprovidedthestudentsarichsourceofmaterialforpaper［C］Internethasbeatenthecompaniesdevotingtoacademiccheating［D］theinventionofInternethascreatedgreatopportunityforacademicAccordingtothepassage,thegreatdevelopmentofTurnitinisdue ［A］itssuperb［B］thethrivingofacademic［C］itsbigelectronic［D］thetestofitssoftwarebytheJointInformationSystemsItcanbeinferredfrompassagethatthemostpossiblecheaters ［A］studentsingooduniversitiesasDuke,Rutgersand［B］studentsintopuniversitiesasPrinceton,Yaleand［C］studentswhocanusetheanti-［D］studentswhoneedtocompileacademicWecaninferfromthe tenceofthepassage ［A］Turnitin’santi-softwarecanbewell-acceptedbyHarvard［B］theanti-softwaremaycreatesomecomputerwhichislikenuclearbombinHarvardUniversity［C］theremustbealotofacademiccheatinginHarvardUniversityinDr.Barrie’s［D］HarvardUniversitywilladoptthesoftwareinashortAccordingtothepassage,theauthor’sattitudetowardsTurnitin’santi-softwaremaybesaidtobe ［B］ ［D］PartBInthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10Therelationshipbetweenpeopleandanimalschangedwithdomestication,whichalsobeganabout12,000yearsago.Insteadofbeingactivelyhunted,domesticatedanimalswereslowlybroughtunderhumancontrol.(41) Thefirstanimaltobedomesticatedwasalmostcertainlythedog,whichwasbredfromwolves.Itwasfollowedbyspeciessuchasthecat,horse,camel,andaurochs(aspeciesofwildcattle),andalsobytheAsianjunglefowl,whichistheancestoroftoday’schickens.Throughselectivebreeding,eachoftheseanimalshasbeenturnedintoformsthatareparticularlysuitableforhumanuse.Today,manydomesticatedanimals,includingchickens,vastlyoutnumbertheirwildcounterparts.(42) Overthecenturies,manydomesticatedanimalshavebeenintroducedintodifferentpartsoftheworldonlytoescapeandestablishthemselvesinthewild.Togetherwithstowawaypestssuchasrats,these“feral”animalshaveoftenhadahighlydamagingeffectonnativewildlife.Cats,forexample,haveinflictedgreatdamageonAustralia’ssmallermarsupials,andferalpigsandgoatscontinuetobeseriousproblemsforthenativewildlifeoftheGalapagosIslands. .Someformsofhuntingarecarriedoutmainlyforsport,butothersproducts.Untilrecently,oneofthemostsignificantoftheseformsofhuntingwaswhaling,whichreducedmanywhalestockstothebrinkofextinction.Today,highlyefficientseafishingthreatenssomespeciesoffishwiththesamefate.Sincethebeginningofagriculture,thehumanpopulationhasincreasedbymorethantwothousandtimes.Toprovidethelandneededforgrowingfoodandhousingpeople,largeareasoftheearth’slandscapeshavebeencompleytransformed.Forestshavebeencutdown,wetlandsdrained,anddesertsirrigated,reducingthesenaturalhabitatstoafractionoftheirformerextent.Somespeciesofanimalshavemanagedtoadapttothesechanges.Afew,suchasthebrownrat,raccoon,andhousesparrow,havebenefitedbyexploitingthenewopportunitiesthathaveopenedupandhavesuccessfullytakenuplifeoffarms,orintownsandcities.(44) Inthe20thcentury,animalshavealsohadtofaceadditionalthreatsfromhumanactivities.Foremostamongtheseareenvironmentalpollutionandalsotheincreasingdemandforresourcessuchastimberandfreshwater.Forsomeanimals,thecombinationofthesechangeshasprovedsodamagingthattheirnumbersarenowbelowthelevelneededtoguaranteesurvival.Acrosstheworld,effortsarecurrentlyunderwaystoaddressthisurgentproblem.Inthemostextremecases,gravelythreatenedanimalscanbehelpedbytakingthemintocaptivityandthenreleasingthemoncebreedingprogramshaveincreasedtheirnumber.OnespeciesthathasbeensavedinthiswayistheHawaiianmountaingoose.In1951,itspopulationhadbeenreducedtojust33birds.(45) Whilecaptivebreedingisausefulemergencymeasure,itcannotassurethelong-termsurvivalofaspecies.Todayanimalprotectionfocusesprimarilyonthepreservationofentirehabitats,anapproachthatmaintainsthenecessarylinksbetweenthedifferentspeciesthehabitatssupport.Withthecontinuedgrowthintheworld’shumanpopulation,habitatpreservationwillrequireasustainedreductioninouruseoftheworld’sresourcestominimizeourimpactonthenaturalworld.［A］Despitethegrowthofdomestication,humanscontinuetohuntsomewildanimals.Animalsallfeedonorganicmatter,buttheirdietsandwaysofobtainingfoodvaryenormously.［B］Someanimalsareomnivorous,meaningthattheyarecapableofsurvivingo ywiderangeoffoods.［C］Butmostanimalshavespecializedwaysoflifethatmakethemdependentonaparticularkindofhabitat.Withthedestructionoftheirhabitats,theirnumberinevitablydeclines.［D］Insomecases,suchasthehorse,theoriginalwildspecieshasdiedout［E］Captivebreedinghassinceincreasedthepopulationtoover2，500,removingtheimmediatethreatofextinction.［F］Mostpredatorshuntthelargestanimalsthattheycancatchwithoutputtingthemselvesundulyatrisk.However,someanimalsconcentrateonfooditemsthataremuchtoosmalltobeworthcollectingonebyone［G］Somewerekeptforfoodorforclothing,othersformusclepower,andsomesimplyforPartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10Thereisnoquestionthatscience-fictionwritershave emoreambitious,stylisticallyandthematically,inrecentyears.(46)Butthismayhavelesstodowiththeluringcallofacademicsurroundingsthanwithchangingmarketconditions—afactorthatacademiccriticsrarelytakeintoaccount.RobertSilverberg,aformerofTheScienceFictionWritersofAmerica,isoneofthemostprolificprofessionalsinafielddominatedbypeoplewhoactuallywriteforaliving.(UnlikemysteryofWesternwriters,mostscience-fictionwriterscannotexpecttocashinonfatmoviesalesorTVtie-ins.)(47)Stillinhislatethirties,Silverberghaspublishedmorethanahundredbooks,andheisdisarminglyfrankabouttherelationshipbetweenthequalityofgenuineproseandthequalityofavailableoutlet.Byhisownaccount,hewas“anannoyinglyverbalyoungman”fromBrooklynwhopickeduphisfirstsciencefictionbookatoften,startedwritingseriouslyatofthirteen,andatseventeennearlygaveupindespairoverhisinabilitytobreakintothepulpmagazines.(48)Athisparents’urging,heenrolledinColumbiaUniversity,sothat,iftheworstcametotheworst,hecouldalwaysgototheSchoolofJournalismand“getanicesteadyjobsomewhere”.Duringhissophomoreyear,hesoldhisfirstscience-fictionstorytoaScottishmagazinenamedNebula.Bytheendofhisjunioryear,hehadsoldanovelandtwentymorestories.(49)Bytheendofhissenioryear,hewasearningtwohundreddollarsaweekwritingsciencefiction,andhisparentswerereconciledtohispursuitoftheliterarylife.“Ibecameverycynicalveryquickly,”hesays.FirstIcouldn’tsellanything,thenIcouldselleverything.Themarketplayedtomyworstcharacteristics.Aneditorofaschlockmagazinewouldcalluptolmehehadaten-thousand-wordholetofillinhisnextissue.I’dfillitovernightforahundredandfiftydollars.Ifoundthatrewritingmadenodifference.(50)IknewIcouldnotpossiblywritethekindsofthingsIadmiredasreader—Joyce,Kafka,Mann—soIdetachedmyselffrommywork.Iwasaphenomenonamongmyfriendsincollege,apublished,sellingauthor.Buttheyalwaysasked,“Whenareyougoingtodosomethingserious?”—meaningsomethingthatwasn’tsciencefiction—andIkeptlingthem,“WhenI’mfinanciallysecure.”SectionⅢPartSupposeyouareanEnglishmajorcollegestudentandyouintendtoworkparttimeduringyourvocation.Writealetterofapplicationforapostyouwouldlike.Yourlettershould(1)linghowyoulearnedthenewsandshowyourdesiretogettheDescribeyoureducationbackgroundandworkingExpressyourwishtohaveaninterviewopportunity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameatoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartStudythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200words,inwhichyouDescribethepicturesInterpretitsGiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20過過過馬（第二套試題）答案.2.17.答案講SectionIUseof【文章大意本文談?wù)摰闹行氖恰拔幕?，即全文第一句“Cultureisanactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanfeeling.”作者在文章開頭就直接提出，隨后從expertknowledge,trainingtheactivityofthought以及thehistoryofeducation面來論證culture。解【全文精譯（1234）（67。）115）161）18120）。【答案詳解【答案】【考核知識點】名詞辨【解析 （缺口，碎片 B.Scraps（碎片，零屑，小塊 （碎片，小部分，一點兒；分?jǐn)?shù) D.Plates［盤子；（金屬）板條Bscrap意為“碎片、零屑、小塊”，常含有“廢品、破爛”的意味，常用于短語“scrapsof”中。根據(jù)原文：“havenothingtodowithit”,可見這種零碎的信息是無用的、廢棄的信息，所以選擇“scrapsofA“chip指從木頭、玻璃、石頭等物質(zhì)上削下或碰下來的碎片，體積很小”，C項“fractions碎片，小部分，一點兒；分?jǐn)?shù)”，D項“plate多指面積大的，薄而平的金屬板或【答案】【考核知識點】上下文語義關(guān)【解析 （討厭的人；麻煩事 （反語；諷刺snob（勢利小人，諂上欺下的人；自命不凡者gut（消化道，腸道，胃，肚子，內(nèi)臟“勢利小人，諂上欺下的人；自命不凡者”，D項“”均不符合題【答案】【考核知識點】詞組搭【解析A.point（指，指向，指示 B.aim（目標(biāo)，目的C.clutch（緊握，抱緊，抓緊 （斷裂，崩斷；打開，關(guān)上，進(jìn)入適當(dāng)位置B項“aimat ng目的在于；旨在”。根據(jù)原文第一句“Cultureisanactivityofthought,and而選項A“pointat/to指向，表明”，C項“clutch(at)sb./sth.(因害怕或痛苦)突然抓住”，D項“snapoutof迅速從……中恢復(fù)過來；snapup搶購；搶先弄到手”均不符合題意?！敬鸢浮俊究己酥R點】動詞辨【解析A.identify（識別，鑒別）B.occupy（占，占用C.possess（擁有，占有）D.ensure（確保，保證根據(jù)原文意思：“……人既應(yīng)文化，又應(yīng)在某些領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識”，所以選擇“possess”。而選項使忙碌，使從事”，D項“確保，保證”均不符合題意?！敬鸢浮俊究己酥R點】詞組搭【解析 始的平臺”，所以選擇“from”。而選項A、C、D均不符合原文意思。【答案】【考核知識點】上下文語義關(guān)【解析A.linear（線的，直線的 B.deep（深的，深度的Cmilitant（的，態(tài)度強硬的 D.odd（奇怪的，古怪的根據(jù)文章第一句中的“thought思想”和原文意思“他們擁有的文化將引領(lǐng)他們（的思想）哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域和藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域”，所以選擇“deep”。而選項A、C、D均不符合原文意思?！敬鸢浮俊究己酥R點】上下文語義關(guān)系+名詞【解析A.zoom［（車輛等）疾馳 B.art（藝術(shù)；美術(shù)Crap（輕敲 ［測驗；（pl.）政治，大選根據(jù)文章一致性原則，“art”與文章第一句中的“beauty美麗；美的事物”確答案應(yīng)是B項。而選項A、C、D均是本題的干擾，不符合題意。【答案】【考核知識點】上下文語義關(guān)系+形容詞辨【解析A.rational（理智的；合理的；有理性的）B.physiological［生理（上）的C.divine（神圣的，非凡的，神的 D.inlectual（智力的根據(jù)文章的一致性，“inlectual”與“thought思想”和“philosophy哲學(xué)”D項為正A“理智的；合理的；有理性的”，B項“生理（上）的”，C項“【答案】【考核知識點】語義邏【解析 （大部分，主要地）Brandomly（隨意地，任意地C.seldom（很少；不常 D.regularly（定期地；有規(guī)則地根據(jù)本句中的“betweenofsixteenandthirty”以及第三段的“inmiddlelifesomuchmost