初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題

初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：初中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：英語各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)題初中英語有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的只有9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,never,everyday(morning,Monday,week,...etc.),everythereyears,onceaweek(day,month,...etc.),...等時(shí)間狀語。例如：a.Hegoestoschooleveryday.b.Heisveryhappy.c.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.2)在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：a.Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.b.WhenIgraduate,I’llgotocountryside.2.一般過去時(shí)的用法（1）表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常和:lastweek(night,Monday,month,year,...etc.)fouryearsago(days,month,...etc.)before1980(three,liberation,從句,...etc.)thedaybeforeyesterday,thedaybeforelast,theyearbeforelast,justnow,amonentago,yesterday,yesterdaymorning,thismorning,atfirst,atlast,intheend,finally,then,..a.HesawMr.Wangyesterday.b.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“usedto“和“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iusedtosmoke.DuringthevacationIwouldminthesea.注：”usedto“表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。a.Iamusedtotheclimatehere.b.Heisusedtomminginwinter.3.一般將來時(shí)的用法一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了“will或shall+動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。常和：nextweek(Monday,month,year,...etc.)inthreedays(anhour,...etc.)tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedayafternext,theyearafternext,tonight,in2010(2016...etc.)thisevening,thisSaturday,afterWednesday,soon,sometimenextweek,onedayinfutuer,soonerorlater,...1）begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)Itisgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.2)“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為bereadytodosth.后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語。Weareabouttoleave.3)go,come,start,move,leave,arrive,stay等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I’mleavingforBeijing.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。常和：now,thesedays(weeks,months,...etc.)thismonth(week,...etc.)Look!,Listen!,...另外，“系動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。Whatareyoudoing

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2）表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞（如have,be,here,se,like等）一般不用進(jìn)行。5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。常和：thistimeyesterday,thistimelastFriday,inthosedays,atninelastnight,fromonetothreeyesterdayafternoon,...In1980hewasstudyinginauniversity.HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過去分詞.其使用有兩種情況：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語。常和：just,alreadly,yet,never,ever,now,before,thisweek,today,thesedays,once,twice,threetimes,...HehasgonetoFuzhou.HehasbeentoFuzhou.2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用for和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或sincethen(1949,lastMonday,twoo'clock,從句...,etc.)，eversincethen,forthreedays(alongtime,twohours,...etc.)sofar,now,today,thiswek(month,year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語。HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1985.NowIhavefinishedthework..注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞（如come,go,die,marry,buy等）的完成時(shí)不能與for,since等表示一般時(shí)間的詞連用。正確：Ihaveboughtthebookalready.錯(cuò)誤：Ihaveboughtthebookfortwoyears.改：Ihavehadthebooklfortwoyears.7．過去完成時(shí)的用法1）過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用bythen(1977,yesterday,eightlastnight,thetimewegotthere,...etc.)bytheendoflastterm(week,year,month,...etc.).by,before,until,when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.2)過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.8．過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由“should或would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should,其他人稱用would.。常和：Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.（二）動(dòng)詞語態(tài)1．當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子的主語是動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)，謂語的形式叫被動(dòng)作語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般過去時(shí)：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般將來時(shí)：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Theroadisbeingwidened.5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Thenewtoolwasbeingmade.6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Thenovelhasbeenread.7）過去完成時(shí)：Hesaidthattheworkhadbeenfinished.8）過去將來時(shí)：Hesaidthatthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.2.一些特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：Theproblemmustbesolvedsoon.2）帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：Theroomisgoingtobepainted.Thehomeworkneedstobedonewithcare.3)短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：a.（不及物）動(dòng)詞+介詞：若這類短語動(dòng)詞是及物性的，則可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，如：laughat,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof等。若這類短語動(dòng)詞是不及物性的則不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，如：bookup,lookdown.等b.（及物）動(dòng)詞+副詞：bringabout,carryout,findout,makeout,putaway,putoff,takeup,turndown,turnout,wipeout等c.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞：doawaywith,faceupto,giveinto,lookdownupon,makeupwith等d.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞：catchsightof,keeponeyeon,makeafoolof,payattentionto,putanendto,setfire/lightto,takenoticeof等4)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語后面。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(比較：Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.)5)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的詞。常見的有：a.主動(dòng)形式，這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞同句中的主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thewindowswants/requiresrepairing.Thispointdeservesmentioning.練習(xí)題1.Itisafineday.Thesun__________(shine)brightly.2.They___________(visit)theScience3.MrBrown________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.4.MrWang________(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.5.TheSmiths_______________(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.6.We__________(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.7.Fathersaidthathe____________(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.8.Billisn?ˉthere.He___________(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.9.Theteachersaidthatthemoon__________(go)roundtheearth.10.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit____________(notrain)thisSunday.11.Listen!They__________(talk)aboutthenewfilm.12.Jimaskeduswhat___________(happen)inChinain1976.13.Mymobilephone___________(steal)onabuslastweek.14.Thehost____________(interview)thelittleboyjustnow.15.TheGreens__________(watch)TVnow.16.Hesaidthathe_____________(ring)meupwhenhegotthere.17.We____________(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.18.Mybrother_____________(join)theLeaguein1997.19.Thefarmers__________(pick)appleswhenIsawthem.20.Theredskirt__________(cost)thegirlfortyyuan.21.Thefilm____________(begin)whenIgottothecinema.22.ThegirltoldmethatshewantedtobeanEnglishteacherwhenshe_____(grow)up.23.Mysisterisastudentandshe_____________(study)atamiddleschoolnearby.24.MrGreen__________(travel)toseveralplacesinSouthChinasincehecamehere.25.You_________(catch)theearlybusifyougetupearly.26._______youbeen________(wear)glassesallthetime?27.I’llgohomeassoonasI_______(finish)myhomework.29.Mostsciencebooksare______(write)inEnglish.30.I____________(stay)therefortwomonthslastyear.31.TellLilytocallmeassoonasshe_______.A.willarriveB.getsthereC.hasgoneD.reachhere32.----Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter----I______welllastnight.A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won’tsleep33.----Excuseme,lookatthesignoverthere,please.Couldyoustopsmoking----Sorry,I____that.A.didn’tseeB.don’tseeC.won’tseeD.can’tsee34.----Well,Ifoundthis.Ithinkitmustbeyours.----Mywatch!Thankyou.Where_____it

A.doyoufindB.hadyoufoundC.wereyoufindingD.didyoufind35.----DonyouknowwhenDrWhite____fordinnerthisevening?----No,butIthinkhe____whenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome36.Lookatthoseblackclouds.It_____rain.Let’shurry.A.maybeB.wouldC.hasD.isgoingto37.----Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.----ReallyWhere____he____

A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.does;go38.----Shallwegoshoppingnow---Sorry,Ican't.I____myshirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing39.----Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.----Oh,Iamsorry.I___dinneratmyfriend'shome.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad40.TheOrientalPearlTVTower____thousandsofvisitorssince1995.A.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract46.----Whydidn'tyougotothecinemayesterday-----BecauseI____thefilmbefore.A.hadseenB.haveseenC.havewatchedD.haswatched47.Idon'tthinkJohnsawme.He____abookatthatmoment.A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.hadjustread48.MrSmith____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting49.MrWhite____thenewspaperwhilehisdaughter____TV.A.hasread;waswatchingB.wasreading;watchedC.wasreading;waswatchingD.reading;watched50.----I____youatthemeeting.Why----Iwasill.A.sawB.haveseenC.notseeD.didn'tsee51.The29thOlympicGames____inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.willholdC.willbeheldD.held52.Hurryup!Theplay____fortenminutes.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.began53.----MayIspeaktoMrSmith----Sorry,he____Australia.Buthe____intwodays.A.hasbeento;willcomebackB.hasgoneto;willbebackC.hasbeenin;wouldcomebackD.isleavingfor;doesn'tcomeback54.Ican'tgotothetheatertonightbecauseI____myticket.A.havelostB.hadlostC.willloseD.waslosing55.----Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it----Justtwoweeks.A.have;bought