微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作業(yè)答案4分析解析

=100_2P：=P=50—qQ.TheresultingmarginalrevenuefunctionisMRQ=50_Q.HawkinsmarginalcostofproducingOatmealStoutis1MCQ=5AQ.CalculateHawkinsprofitmaximizingoutput.CalculatethesocialcostofHawkinsmonopolypower.Solution:Hawkinswillsetmarginalrevenueequaltomarginalcosttofindoptimaloutput.MRQ=50—Q=MCQ=5*Q二Q=30.Atthisoutputlevel,Hawkinscharges$35perunit.Thechokepriceis$50whileHawkinsreservation1priceis$5.Consumersurplusiscs50-3530=225.ProducersurplusisPS=0.5(20-15)(30)+(35-20)(30)=675.TotalsurplusinthelocalOatmealStoutmarketis$900whenHawkinshasmonopolypower.IfHawkinsdidnothavemonopolypower,thepriceofOatmealStoutwouldequalHawkinsmarginalcost.Wecanfindthisoutputlevelbysettingconsumer'spriceasafunctionofoutputequaltoHawkinsmarginalcost.P=50「AQ=MC=5二Q=45.Atthisoutputlevel,thepriceofOatmeal1Stoutis$27.50.ConsumersurplusisCS50-27.5045=506.25.Producer*1surplusisPS27.50—545=506.25.TotalsurpluswhenHawkinsdoesnothavemonopolypowerwouldbe$1,012.50.Thus,societyloses112.50ofsurplusduetoHawkins'monopolypowerinthelocalOatmealStoutmarket.MC50PS35DMC50PS35DThemanufacturingofpaperproductscausesdamagetoalocalriverwhenthemanufacturingplantproducesmorethan1,000unitsinaperiod.Todiscouragetheplantfromproducingmorethan1,000units,thelocalcommunityisconsideringplacingataxontheplant.Thelong-runcost2C(q,tcurveforthepaperproducingfirmis:1500whereqisthenumberofunitsofpaperproducedandtistheperunittaxonpaper「qMC(q,tF^+duction.Therelevantmarginalcostcurveis:750Ifthemanufacturingplantcansellallofitsoutputfor$2,whatisthefirm'soptimaloutputifthetaxissetatzero?Whatistheminimumtaxratenecessarytoensurethatthefirmproducesnomorethan1,000units?Howmucharethefirm'sprofitsreducedbythepresenceofatax?Solution:Intheabsenceofatax,weknowtheplantwillmaximizeprofitswheremarginalcostisequaltotheprice(givenaveragecostsexceedthemarketprice).Thatis,mcq,。二金o=2=q=1,500.Thus,withoutatax,weknowtheplantwillproduceatalevelthatwillcausedamagetotheriver.Thefirmsprofitsatthis*2levelare:二二21,500一soa—o1,500=1,500.Toensurethattheplantdoesn'tgobeyond1,000unitsofproduction,thecommunityneedstomakesurethefirm'smarginalcostisequivalenttothemarketpriceat1,000unitsorless.Thatis,mc1ooo,t-2112.Ataxof23orgreaterwillensuretheTOC\o"1-5"\h\z750331plantwillnotproducebeyond1,000units.Ifwesetthetaxratea3,thefirm'