（精心整理）中考從句總復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又是定語從句的成分。關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose；關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why。三、關(guān)系代詞的用法1.that既可以指人，也可以指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（作主語）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（作賓語）2.which只用于指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Whoistheteacher（who/whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：（1）當(dāng)which，who，whom在定語從句中是作為介詞的賓語時，如果介詞沒有提前，which，who，whom可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear./Thisisthehouse(which)welivedinlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。PleasetellmethenameofthepersonfromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel./Pleasetellmethenameoftheperson(whom)youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.請告訴我借你這本英文小說的人的名字。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.這就是你要找的那個人。（3）that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that，不能用which的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時，例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時，例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that，例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that，例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that，例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。四、關(guān)系副詞的用法1．when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。2．where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。3．why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。練習(xí)：選擇最佳答案填空：1.Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.That’sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhooC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom12.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone13.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it14.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit15.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree16.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who17.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sBwhoseC.thatD.ofwhich.18.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was19.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who20.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein參考答案：1-5CDCBA6-10BDBCA11-15BBCAC16-20ABCCD賓語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(動詞賓語)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(動詞賓語)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介詞賓語)二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：1.以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主要用來引導(dǎo)陳述句形式的賓語從句，that可以省略。Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.2.以連接詞which,what,who,how,where,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，用來引導(dǎo)特別疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句是陳述語序。Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematterwithyou?Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.3.以whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序。Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.三、賓語從句的時態(tài)1.當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)、或一般將來時態(tài)時，從句可用所需要的任何時態(tài)。Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Youaretellingmethatyouwon’tstopuntiltomorrow?2.當(dāng)主句為一般過去時態(tài)時，從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時態(tài)。TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.3.當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews注意：一般情況下，whether和if可以互用，但以下情況例外：1.當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether不用ifWearetalkingaboutwhetherwe’llgoonthepicnic.2.引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或ornot連用時，只用whether.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?3.if當(dāng)如果講時，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，這時不能用whether.Youcan’tworktheplanoutifyoudon’thavethemeeting.練習(xí)：選擇最佳答案填空：1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins2.---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasbornC.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere_________.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer10.---Doyouknow________?---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo1-5DCDCB6-10BBBBA狀語從句復(fù)習(xí)一、狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞，副詞、主句等。狀語從句可以表示時間、條件、原因、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。二、各類狀語從句連接詞（短語）一覽表：時間when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before,whenever條件if,unless原因as,because,since地點(diǎn)where,wherever目的sothat,inorderthat結(jié)果sothat,so…that,such…that讓步though,although,evenif,however方式as比較than,(not)as…as,例句：時間狀語從句：Wheneverhecomes,hebringsafriend.他每次來都帶個朋友。條件狀語從句：AslongasIamalive,Iwillgoonstudying.只要我活著，我就要學(xué)習(xí)。原因狀語從句：Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我們住在海邊，能享受到好的天氣。地點(diǎn)狀語從句：Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我們都能看到的位置。目的狀語從句：Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把這個做完，你可以開始另一個。結(jié)果狀語從句：Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayaword.他氣得說不出話了。讓步狀語從句：Thoughheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.雖然他身體不好，但是他工作很努力。方式狀語從句：Studentsdoastheteacherssay.學(xué)生們按照老師說的去做。比較狀語從句：Theworkisn’taseasyasIthought.這項工作比我想象得難。練習(xí)：選擇合適的連接詞，完成下列句子。1.Jimspendsalotofmoneyonbooks______heisnotrich.2.Katefellintosleep______shewaslisteningtothemusic.3.----IsDavidatschooltoday?----No.Heisathome______hehasabadcold.4.Wewon’thavesupper______mymothercomesback.5.Speaktohimslowly______hemayunderstandyoubetter.6.______shedoesn’tcomeonSunday,I’llgofishingbymyself.7.Itisfouryears______Ihadleftthatsmallvillage.8.______theairmoves,iti