閱讀態(tài)度主旨推斷-臨門(mén)一腳

李睿閱讀推斷題復(fù)習(xí)資料---真題（最重要，灰?；页Ｖ匾?--多思考，多總結(jié)基本方法1.題干找信號(hào)詞2.回文定位，分析題眼3.對(duì)比選項(xiàng)（合理概括or同義轉(zhuǎn)述）4.錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析（巧妙運(yùn)用排除法）切忌：1.想太多—看懂文章，脫離原文，主觀(guān)臆斷。

務(wù)必以原文為基礎(chǔ)，讓自己的思維和出題者思維無(wú)限接近。準(zhǔn)確定位是關(guān)鍵，做題只看題眼句，把自己的發(fā)散性思維收起來(lái)。2.想太少—看了一知半解，選答案靠眼緣。做題要警惕錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的陷阱，這個(gè)階段要重視錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析，熟悉陷阱特點(diǎn)。3.死套技巧—任何技巧都有適用范圍，不要看到技巧標(biāo)志詞就莫名激動(dòng)。細(xì)節(jié)題定義—針對(duì)文中某處事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題分類(lèi)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題---精準(zhǔn)定位是關(guān)鍵例證題—舉事例，數(shù)據(jù)，引言等，問(wèn)舉例目的

學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，答案不在例子中，要在例子上下文中找論點(diǎn)。原因題—據(jù)果找因，要學(xué)習(xí)找隱性的因果邏輯判斷題—耐心至上，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)一一回文定位Step1—題干找信號(hào)詞1.初步確定—顯眼標(biāo)志大寫(xiě)字符數(shù)字Firstpara.相似表達(dá)（語(yǔ)法，詞匯）eg:abooklover=amanwholovesreading2.信號(hào)詞必須廣，必須細(xì)致?？崭袂暗男盘?hào)詞絕對(duì)不能忽略Step2—回文定位尋讀：出題順序+信號(hào)詞精讀：考點(diǎn)思維1.指代：this,those,such,it,the

等（出現(xiàn)指代必須明確指代對(duì)象，不要忽視the的指代功能）2.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)：：解釋說(shuō)明內(nèi)容；因果---解釋說(shuō)明內(nèi)容；邏輯關(guān)系“”特殊處，其后往往緊跟解釋3.比喻修辭4.長(zhǎng)難句，觀(guān)點(diǎn)句，首尾句---讀長(zhǎng)句，一定要學(xué)會(huì)化繁就簡(jiǎn)，找核心5.邏輯關(guān)系處Step2—邏輯關(guān)系（培養(yǎng)邏輯思維）轉(zhuǎn)折—but,however,although,incontrast,infact,unfortunately,insteadof,ratherthan等順承---also,another,moreimportantly等（根據(jù)順承可以確定上下文內(nèi)容）因果—because，as,hence,therefore,定從有時(shí)表原因等（原因和結(jié)果永相隨，不要撒大網(wǎng)做原因題）類(lèi)比，對(duì)比—same,justas,equal,similar,alike,-er,incontrast,differentfrom等（出現(xiàn)比較，要明確比較對(duì)象和比較內(nèi)容，不要主觀(guān)臆斷）舉例—suchas,forexample,隱性例子（觀(guān)點(diǎn)和舉例永相隨，不要撒大網(wǎng)做例證題）Step3—對(duì)比選項(xiàng)合理概括or同義轉(zhuǎn)述找答案要根據(jù)題眼句找，不要撒大網(wǎng)。題眼句要抓核心，要明確內(nèi)涵邏輯，不要望文生義或胡亂拼湊，眼緣這件事情在做題時(shí)很不靠譜。做題不要主觀(guān)臆斷，切忌脫離原文。不要死套技巧，不要死套，不要死套。錯(cuò)項(xiàng)基本特點(diǎn)違背常識(shí)—常識(shí)是公知，不是個(gè)人看法，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)分。比如，上學(xué)目的是為了追求真理，這是不符合常理的，是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)氣過(guò)于絕對(duì)---絕對(duì)本身是不符合常識(shí)的，往往錯(cuò)誤。拼湊信息—這是找眼緣同學(xué)最常犯的錯(cuò)誤，切忌拼湊偷換概念—定語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)替換或省略正反顛倒—尤其是因果邏輯，一定要區(qū)分因果無(wú)中生有----做題要以原文為基礎(chǔ)，切忌靠想象做題以偏概全—尤其是做主旨題，一定要警惕。

2012201320142015201620172018細(xì)節(jié)11121314151417態(tài)度1222100推斷6542252主旨2112211

2012201320142015201620172018細(xì)節(jié)471010131013判斷3110011例證1003100原因3421133態(tài)度1222100推斷6542252主旨2112211態(tài)度題定義：文章作者或文中某一人物對(duì)某現(xiàn)象的主觀(guān)態(tài)度思路：關(guān)注原文出處的主觀(guān)情感性信息，如形容詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，轉(zhuǎn)折詞作者態(tài)度題：消極/冷漠/模糊----往往是錯(cuò)誤答案客觀(guān)：積極+消極無(wú)評(píng)價(jià)，只是客觀(guān)介紹常見(jiàn)主觀(guān)態(tài)度詞匯（必須掌握）積極態(tài)度：positive（肯定的，積極的）；supportive（支持的）；approving（贊同的）；favorable（贊同的）；affirmative（肯定的）；hopeful（樂(lè)觀(guān)的）；optimistic（樂(lè)觀(guān)的）；appreciative（欣賞的）；sympathetic（同情的）消極態(tài)度：opposed（反對(duì)的）；disapproving（不贊同的）；negative（消極的，否定的）；critical（批評(píng)的）；hostile（敵對(duì)的）；ironic（諷刺的）；indignant（義憤的）；desperate（絕望的）；skeptical（懷疑的）；scornful（鄙視的）；pessimistic（悲觀(guān)的）；gloomy（沮喪的）；depressed（沮喪的）；scared（害怕的）；reserved（含蓄的，有保留的）；prejudiced（有偏見(jiàn)的）；biased（有偏見(jiàn)的）其他態(tài)度：objective（客觀(guān)的）；neutral（中立的）；impartial（不偏不倚的）；unbiased（公正的）；indifferent（冷漠的）；compromising（妥協(xié)的）【2013-T3-35】Theauthor'sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.[A]tolerant [B]uncertain[C]optimistic [D]doubtful【Para.6】Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogscanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn'tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.并列結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯重點(diǎn)although…..Still..(still是邏輯重點(diǎn)）主觀(guān)表達(dá)：havethecapacitytodosth.【2013-T4-39】Theauthor'sattitudetowardReding'sappealisoneof_________.[A]skepticism [B]objectiveness[C]indifference [D]approval【Para.4】"Personally,Idon'tlikequotas,"Redingsaidrecently."ButIlikewhatthequotasdo."Quotasgetaction:they"openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,"AccordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.【Para.5】IunderstandReding'sreluctance—andherfrustration.Idon'tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governancebythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)：主觀(guān)表達(dá)（understand，don’tlike)內(nèi)在邏輯：通過(guò)either找上文信號(hào)詞：

Reding‘sappeal，找Reding【2011-T4-40】RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel________.[A]pessimistic [B]desperate [C]conceited [D]hopeful【Para.6】ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlaborthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.主觀(guān)表達(dá)：too…to…/largest/remarkablyliberal小詞理解：off指代：it--EU主旨題設(shè)有篇章主旨題的文章，其行文結(jié)構(gòu)一般有鮮明的特征。關(guān)注：首段導(dǎo)出話(huà)題的方式（首段開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)例子，特別關(guān)注例子后信息，往往是文章主旨）首尾段的首句、尾句、總述句、語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折句、主觀(guān)評(píng)論信息各段關(guān)鍵信息復(fù)現(xiàn)或同義轉(zhuǎn)述（高頻詞）各段邏輯相加或?qū)Ρ龋ㄟx項(xiàng)覆蓋性）正確選項(xiàng)：宏觀(guān)性，高頻詞干擾選項(xiàng)：細(xì)節(jié)性【2016-T3-35】Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe_______．[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading [B]HowtoFindTimetoRead[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals [D]HowtoReadExtensively【Para.1】Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread．【Para.2】Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon‘tseemsufficient…Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybyingmoreefficient．【Para.3】Infact,“ingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximizedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting…【Para.4】Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading….Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou‘re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse．高頻詞：time，read首段語(yǔ)義重點(diǎn)：but轉(zhuǎn)折，冒號(hào)內(nèi)在邏輯：Butcomplaint：There’sneveranytimetoread．----Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhat….------Infact,….ispartoftheproblem---Sowhatdoeswork?行文結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析：AD—語(yǔ)義重心偏離，本文主要探討deepreading,而不是easyreading（輕松閱讀），或extensivereading（廣泛閱讀），在2,3段均有哦體現(xiàn)；C–①細(xì)節(jié)性，goal只有在para3;②無(wú)設(shè)立目標(biāo)，屬于曲解文意；③bycontrast后面是重點(diǎn)，主旨肯定不是goal【2014-T1-25】Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto________．[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney [B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent [D]emorereasonableinspendingonluxuries【Para.1】Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.【Para.2】Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.….【Para.3】Theslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslaveaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck”….Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly...【Para.4】ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople….首段例子導(dǎo)入話(huà)題，其后往往是主旨，Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoney同義改寫(xiě)，答案Ｃ宏觀(guān)概括，關(guān)鍵信息復(fù)現(xiàn)（見(jiàn)紅色標(biāo)注）錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析B---para.1例子信息，不是重點(diǎn)D---Para.3局部信息，細(xì)節(jié)性；不是重點(diǎn)A---定位para.4中間，主旨題不大可能；偷換概念，把onothers省略；句子本身是并列句，其中一條不可能是主旨；推斷題本質(zhì)對(duì)原文字面信息做內(nèi)在的分析推理（由表及里）原則遵循原文，務(wù)必“有理有據(jù)”，切忌想當(dāng)然字面意義推出來(lái)的深刻理解而非字面的膚淺理解干擾選項(xiàng)字面意義復(fù)述合乎常理，但脫離原文詞匯短語(yǔ)句子推斷題思路：上下文語(yǔ)義邏輯、指代代入檢查：語(yǔ)義比對(duì)，搭配比對(duì)熟詞僻義段落推斷思路：關(guān)注該段落特殊句（比喻，轉(zhuǎn)折，長(zhǎng)難句等）關(guān)注特殊句間邏輯篇章推斷思路：根據(jù)題序鎖定大體出處關(guān)注特殊句，特殊句間邏輯【2016-T1-25】Theword“coax”(Line4,Para．6)isclosestinmeaningto_______．[A]persuade [B]frighten[C]misguide [D]challengeIndeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers--intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes--fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant--theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat--thebetter．代入法反面思路—BCD都是消極詞匯【2015-T1-24】Theword“moola”(Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.[A]energy [B]skills[C]earnings [D]nutritionButit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawane.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.代入法：根據(jù)常識(shí)，員工工作，為了錢(qián)，選C上下文邏輯：上文核心：doingsthinordertodrawane;下文內(nèi)在邏輯：and本質(zhì)是目的上下文對(duì)應(yīng)e=moola【2015-T1-21】AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome______.[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation [B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace【Para.1】Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork．Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.New—now:peoplearemorestressedathomethanatwork.Previous(contraryto)---peoplearemorerelaxedathomethanatwork.注意矛盾表達(dá)：contraryto,insteadof,rather【2015-T1-22】AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?[A]Workingmothers [B]Childlesshusbands[C]Childlesswives [D]Workingfathers【Para.2】“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes．“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.定位：happy句間邏輯：another–順承上文話(huà)題指代—thefindings---上文發(fā)現(xiàn)比較級(jí)邏輯相加，答案為Ｃ【2014-T2-30】ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles [B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits [D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides【Para.5】KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatmanypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerally---ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.“It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest”,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin—MadisonUniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves”．定從表原因where=because正話(huà)反說(shuō)：D錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析

：B（lifestyles）C（intellectual）

都是of的賓語(yǔ)，以偏概全；ＢＣ均無(wú)中生有Ａ常識(shí)錯(cuò)誤，且曲解文意【2015-T3-34】ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn______.[A]voicesforworkingwomen [B]appealstopassionateworkaholics[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies [D]praisesmotivatedemployees【Para.4】Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance．The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehaseabuzzwordinitsownright.…非謂語(yǔ)prompting邏輯主語(yǔ)war并列結(jié)構(gòu)bookisaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitall句間邏輯是例證關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)是whywomenstillcan’thavework-lifebalanceall，推出答案AC因果顛倒，一定要小心B=D,曲解文意【2016-T2-30】JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______．[A]industrygroups [B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups [D]theplanunderchallenge【Para.4】Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn’tgofarenough.“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.技巧：題干與題眼對(duì)應(yīng)，biologist----推出答案Ｃ思路2：觀(guān)點(diǎn)句理解，抓主干，推出ＪＬ不支持government和industries,排除AWin-winrhetoric=theplan，排除BD。句間邏輯：上文共3方代表，不支持其中兩個(gè)，說(shuō)明支持另外一個(gè)?！?015-T2-30】Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion【Para.5】Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame’,andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgrou