介詞講解-公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計

介詞講解

介詞是表示句子結(jié)構(gòu)中詞與詞或句子成分之間關(guān)系的一種虛詞。常用介詞用法歌訣in在里面on在上;by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好為反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。infrontof表在前，反義behind在后面。從里穿過用through，表面通過across。進到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介詞用處大，反復(fù)實踐掌握它。

一、表示時間和日期的介詞at表示某一時刻或時間上的某一點on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；

in表示年、季節(jié)、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；at表示具體的時刻。atseveno'clockathalfpasttwoon主要用于具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，還用于具有某種特征的一天。onMondayonAugust8th,2022onarainyeveningin用于世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月inthe21stcentury/in2022/inspring/inJanuary固定用法inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheeveningatnoon/atnight/atmidnight

二、表示方位的介詞

on意為“在……的上面”；over意為“在……（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在……（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意為“在……（垂直的）正下方”；below意為“在……（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意為“在……附近”；nextto意為“緊挨著……”；round/around意為“在……周圍”；by意為“在……旁邊”；表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”；on表示“接壤；相鄰”；to表示“相離；相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。

介詞意義例句on在……上Hisbookisonthedesk.under在……下Thefootballisunderthechair.in在……里Thereisapencilcaseintheschoolbag.infrontof在……前Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.behind在……后Heisstandingbehindme.beside在……旁邊Tomissittingbesidethewindow.三、表示延續(xù)時間的介詞

by意為“在……之前；不遲于……”；for意為“歷時……之久；持續(xù)……”；in意為“在……以后；在……時間內(nèi)”；since意為“自從……以來；自……以后”；until用于否定句中，意為“直到……才”，其前的謂語動詞多為非延續(xù)性動詞，用在肯定句中，意為“直到……為止”，其前謂語動詞須用延續(xù)性動詞。如：他已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師9年了。Hehasbeenateacher________nineyears.我已經(jīng)在這兒住了10年了。Ihavelivedhere________tenyearsago.他十分鐘之后將會回來。Hewillbeback________tenminutes.知道五月，我們才會看到一些花。Wedon’tseeanyflowers________May.你必須得在這里站到太陽落下去為止。Youmuststandhere________thesunsets.我明天早晨八點前必須得到校。Imustbeatschool________eighttomorrowmorning.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)干完這些工作嗎？Canyoufinishyourwork_______fiveminutes?

四、表示方式的介詞介詞用來表交通，常把by,in,on來用；限定、復(fù)數(shù)用in/on，by要直通海陸空；(騎馬、騎車慣用on，小轎車前in才通)【注】1.by+交通工具，意為“乘坐……”。如：

海：byship/boat/sea

陸：bybus/car/train/bike/taxi

空：byair/plane/spaceship2.on/in+限定詞+交通工具，意為“乘坐……”。如：

Hegoestoworkonthebike/Hegoestoworkinhiscar.他騎自行車/開車去上班。3.onfoot為固定短語，意為“步行”。

五、表示運動方向的介詞

across意為“從……表面穿過”，或沿某一條線的方向而進行的動作；through意為“從……內(nèi)部穿過”，past和by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過”。如：

Pleasebecarefulwhenyougo________thestreet.

Look!Themosquitoistryingtofly________thewindow.

Weoftengo________abakeryonourwaytoschool.

不用介詞的情況today,yesterday,tomorrow等時間狀語前；含有l(wèi)ast,this,that,these,those,next,every,one,some,all等詞的時間狀語前；here,there,home,back等副詞前。如：Wemeeteveryday.其他介詞about關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身Thereareaboutfifteentreesinthepicture.大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。for為...,因為...,至于...。Heworksforthiscompany.他為這家公司工作。from從...,來自...,因為...。Whereareyoufrom?你是哪里人？of...的，屬于...。ThisisamapofChina.這是一張中國地圖I用at,on,in填空。________fiveo’clock

2._________aquarterpastseven3.________February11th

4._________ahotsummerafternoon5.________winter

6._________themorningofChildren’sDay7.________night

8._________theeveningII用in,by,on填空。

1.Theyoftengotoschool_______foot.2.Doesheusuallygohome_______bike?3.Doesheusuallygohome________thebike4.ShewenttoQingdao_______shiplastweek.

5.IwanttogotoBeijing_______bus.6.Sheoftencomestoschool_______herfather’scar.

7.Didyoucomehere_____ataxi?III用in,on,to填空。1.Shanghaiislocated___in____theeastofChina2..Hainanis__in_____thesouthofChina.3.Japanis____to___theeastofChina.beginclasses_______about8：00．2.Wealllikeworking______China.3.Hermotherusuallygetsup_____sixthirty.4.Thestorehasshirts________agreatprice._______thepicture.callJim______9876543.After:7.Thestudentoftenshowers________dinner.girllikesrunning_____class.that,theoldmanbeginstorun.likestoplaysoccer______school.before,to:11.Thekidusuallydoeshishomework________going________bed.For:________yourletter．13.______kids,themovieistooscary.14.Wehavevegetablesandfruit_____lunch.sellthesweaters____$40each.16.Sheplaysthepiano________anhoureveryday.kidbuysacake_____hisuncle.About:youtellme________yourday?About,from:’tyouthinkwecanlearnmuch____Chinesehistory____thedocumentaries?At,from,to:are________school________Monday________Friday.In,with,in:________theblanks________thewords________thebox.With:youhelpme________mymath?cousinlikestoplay________hisdogbest.daughteroftengoestoseeBeijingOpera________hergrandpa.On:oldwomanusuallywatchescomedies________TV.schoolhasanArtFestival________December31steveryyear.don’thaveanyclasses________weekends.yougetupearly________Wednesday？’scomputergame’s________thefloor.yourclothes________thedresser?birthdaycake’s________thetable.socksare________sale.In:33.What’s________yourbackpack?doyoulikedoing________theevening？yousayit________French?American_______whiteishisfriend.canbe________ourclubifyoucanplaythepiano,thetrumpet,theguitarorthedrums.historyteacherisn’t________theclassroom.liketowork________China.40.Whatcanyousee________thepicture?.speechcontestis_____January.Under:,mypencil’s________yourIcan’tfindit.To:doesheget________school？auntgoes_______workearlyeveryThursday.________ourEnglishparty!say“Hello”______theAmericanteachereverymorning.takethecase________theirparents.write_______hersoon.49.Whattimedoesyourbrothergo_______s