現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀2 paraphrase1-10

ParaphrasesContemporaryEnglishBookIILesson1III.SentenceParaphrase1 …IwasfreshoutofgraduateschoolstartingmyfirstsemesterattheUniversityofKansasCity.(Para.1)…IhadjustcompletedmygraduatestudiesandbeganteachingattheUniversityofKansasCity.goto2tohavejustcomefromaparticularplace,tohavejusthadaparticularexperience,e.g.studentsfreshfromcollegeIII.SentenceParaphrase2 Icouldhavepointedoutthathehadenrolled,notinadrugstore-mechanicsschool,butinacollegeandthatattheendofhiscoursemeanttoreachforascrollthatreadBachelorofScience.(Para.2)Subjunctivemood:Ididn’tpointitoutinfact.goto3IcouldhavetoldhimthathewasnownotgettingtrainingforajobinatechnicalschoolbutdoingaB.Sc.atauniversity.tointendtodosth.toindicate,register,orshowIII.SentenceParaphrase3Herethewordeducationisusedinabroadsense,whichinvolvesnotonlytheprocessofacquiringknowledgeanddevelopingskills,butalsothatofimprovingthemind.goto4Thatistosay,hehadnotenteredatechnicaltrainingschoolbutauniversityandinuniversitiesstudentsenrollforbothtrainingandeducation.(Para.2)Whatisthedifferencebetweentrainingandeducation,accordingtothewriter?Trainingispreparationforajob,oracareer,suchasthetraininginacertainskill.Education,ontheotherhand,islearningtodevelopone’smentalandmoralpowers.III.SentenceParaphrase4“Fortherestofyourlife,”Isaid,“yourdaysaregoingtoaverageouttoabouttwenty-fourhours.”(Para.4)tocometoanaverageorordinarylevelorstandard,esp.afterbeinghigherorlowerMoreexamples:Mealsattheuniversityaverageouttoabout10yuan

perday.Therestaurant’smonthlyprofitsaveragedoutat30%lastyear.goto5III.SentenceParaphrase5Youwillseetoitthatthecyanidestaysoutoftheaspirin,thatthebulldoesn’tjumpthefence,orthatyourclientdoesn’tgototheelectricchairasaresultofyourincompetence.(Para.5)goto6Youhavetotakeresponsibilityfortheworkyoudo.Ifyou’reapharmacist,youshouldmakesurethataspirinisnotmixedwithpoisonouschemicals.Asanengineer,youshouldn’tgetthingsoutofcontrol.Ifyoubecomealawyer,youshouldmakesureaninnocentpersonisnotsentencedtodeathbecauseyoulackadequatelegalknowledgeandskilltodefendyourclient.III.SentenceParaphrase6Inadditiontoallotherthingstheseprofessionsoffer,theyprovideyouwithalivingsothatyoucansupportafamily—wifeandchildren.Nounclause,usedaspredicativegoto7Alongwitheverythingelse,theywillprobablybewhatputsfoodonyourtable,supportsyourwife,andrearsyourchildren.(Para.5)III.SentenceParaphrase7Ihopethatyourincomewillalwaysbeenough.goto8Theywillbeyourincome,andmayitalwayssuffice.(Para.5)Invertedsentence,usedinablessing.e.g.Maytheylivelong!III.SentenceParaphrase8goto9“Ihopeyoumakealotofit,”Itoldhim,“becauseyou’regoingtobebadlystuckforsomethingtodowhenyou’renotsigningchecks.”(Para.8)Noticethesarcastictoneofthewriter.Ifyoudon’thaveanygoalinlifeapartfrommakingmoneytosatisfyyourdesireformaterialriches,goaheadandmakealotofit.nottoknowwhattodoinaparticularsituationIII.SentenceParaphrase9Moreexamples:You’venobusinesstellingmewhattodo.Shehasnobusinessreadingyourmail.goto10IfyouhavenotimeforShakespeare,forabasiclookatphilosophy,forthecontinuityofthefinearts,forthatlessonofman’sdevelopmentwecallhistory—thenyouhavenobusinessbeingincollege.(Para.9)tohavenorighttodosth.,shouldn’thavebeen/bedoingsth.III.SentenceParaphrase10Ifyouaretooanxioustomakemoney,tooignoranttoseeyourlimitations,thenyoucouldn’tregardthosegreatpeople’smindsasagifttoyourhumanity,andthusyoucan’tbeadevelopedhuman.goto11Ifyouaretoomuchinahurry,ortooarrogantlyproudofyourownlimitations,toacceptasagifttoyourhumanitysomepiecesofthemindsofAristotle,orChaucer,orEinstein,youareneitheradevelopedhumannorausefulcitizenofademocracy.(Para.12)“too…to…”structureobjectoftheverb“accept”III.SentenceParaphrase11…whenIsaythatauniversityhasnorealexistenceandnorealpurposeexceptasitsucceedsinputtingyouintouch,bothasspecialistsandashumans,withthosehumanmindsyourhumanmindneedstoinclude.(Para.14)“except”usedasaconjunctive,introducinganadverbialclauseTheendofSentenceParaphrase.

bothasspecialistsandashumans:aspersonswhohavespecializedandaretrainedinacertainsubjectorskillandascivilizedcreaturesandthinkinganimalsLesson2III.SentenceParaphrase1Notthatwedidn’thaveourtroubles.(Para.5)WhenIsaytheyearIgotMaheegunwasthehappiestyearofmylife,Idon’tmeanthatMaheegunnevercausedtroubles.althoughitisnottruethat…e.g.Shelovedmusicbutseldomwenttoconcerts—notthatshecouldn’taffordto.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Maheegunwouldpokehisheadaroundthecorner,waitingforthingstoquietdown.(Para.5)would+v.:apasthabit(Atsuchtimes)hewouldmoveandstaysomewhereoutofGrandma’ssight,andwaituntilherangerdieddown.III.SentenceParaphrase2Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.

Andinthefall,afterthefirstsnowourgamestookustothenearestmeadowsinsearchoffieldmice.(Para.6)

III.SentenceParaphrase3Whenitwasgettingcold,andtherewerenomoregrasshoppers,wehadtogothenearestmeadowtohuntfieldmice.tomakesb./sth.gofromonelevel,orsituationtoanother,e.g.HisjobasaUNofficialtookhimtooversixtycountries.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.

ItallservedtofogmymindwithpleasuresothatIforgotmyGrandpa’srepeatedwarnings,andonenightleftMaheegununchained.(Para.8)

tohaveaparticulareffectorresult,e.g.Theblanketcouldservetokeeptherainoutforawhile.III.SentenceParaphrase4Figurative,toconfuseorhideObjectivecomplementTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Ontopwastheclearoutlineofagreatwolfsittingstill,earspointed,alert,listening.(Para.11)

Absoluteconstructionthatdescribesthestatethewolfwasinsittingontherock.Theclearfigureofabigwolfwassittingwithoutmovingonthetopoftherock.Hisearswereraisedandheseemedtobelisteningtosomething.III.SentenceParaphrase5Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Everythinginthesnow-coveredwildnessseemedtobearoused/stirredbythepassionatecryofMaheegun.III.SentenceParaphrase6tofeelexcitedatsth.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Thewholewhiteworldthrilledtothatwildcry.(Para.14)

“Hewilltakeherforlife,huntforher,protecther.ThisisthewaytheCreatorplannedlife.Nomancanchangeit.”(Para.16)CulturalNote:AccordingtothefirstpartoftheBible,Godcreatedtheworldandeverythinginitinsixdays,andontheseventhdayGodrested.WhenGodmadehumanbeings,hemadeamancalledAdamoutoftheearth,andthenmadeawomancalledEveoutofAdam’sribs(oneofthecurvedbonesthatsurroundyourchest).GodassigneddifferentrolestoAdamandEve—thefirstmanandwoman,Adam’srolebeingtotakecareofEve,provideforherandprotecther,andalsotoguideher.Godcreatedlivingcreaturesinthesameway.III.SentenceParaphrase7allones’lifeGodTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Therewasonlyonethingtodo.Campforthenightandhopethatbymorningthestormwouldhaveblownitselfout.(Para.25)Iknewthatitwasdangeroustomoveonintheblindingsnow,andthattheonlythingtodowastostaywhereIwasandgetsomesleepduringthenightandhopethatIwouldfindthesnowstormhadstoppedthenextmorning.III.SentenceParaphrase8Subjunctivemoodisusedherebecausethestormdidn’tstopthenextday.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.III.SentenceParaphrase9Thelightofanotherdaystillsawnoendtothestorm.Ibegantogetconfused.Icouldn’trecallwhetherithadbeenstormingforthreeorfourdays.(Para.26)tobethetimewhen/theplacewhereaneventhappens;towitnessWhenthefirstgraylightofanotherdaycame,thestormwasgoingon.Ifoundmyselfunabletothinkclearly.Icouldn’ttellwhetherthesnowstormhadcontinuedintoitsthirdorfourthday.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Thecoldandlossofbloodweretakingtheirtoll.(Para.36)III.SentenceParaphrase10AsIhadlostalotofblood,anditwasextremelycold,Iwassickandweak.tohaveabadeffectonsb./sth.overalongperiodoftimeTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Itwasquitesometimebeforemyeyescameintofocusenoughtoseemygrandfathersittingbymybed.(Para.41)

Ittookquitesometimeformyeyestoadjustthemselvestobeabletoseeclearlymygrandfathersittingbymybed.TheendofSentenceParaphrase.III.SentenceParaphrase11Lesson3V.SentenceParaphrase1Wealreadyhave2.4millionpeopleundersomeformofcorrectionalsupervision,412,000ofthemlockedawayinaprisoncell.(Para.1)Inthiscountry,therearealready2.4millionpeoplewhoarereceivingpunishmentinoneformoranother;412,000ofthemareservingtheirprisonterms.aeuphemism,meaningbeingdisciplined,orbeingmadetoimproveone’sbehaviorunderthechargeofthecommunity,etc.asapunishmentTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

V.SentenceParaphrase1Culturalnote:IntheU.S.,besidesimprisonment,thereareotherformsofpunishment.Forexample,youngpeoplewhobreakthelawcanbeputintoareformschoolwheretheyreceivetraining.Ortheymightberequiredtodocommunityserviceworkforafixednumberofhours.goto2V.SentenceParaphrase2CountrieslikeSaudiArabiacanaffordtogiveoutharshpunishmentspreciselybecausetheyhavesolittlecrime.(Para.2)goto3Culturalnote:InsomeIslamiccountries,suchasSaudiArabiaandYemen,severepunishmentisenforcedoncrimesofanykind.Forexample,murderersareinvariablyputtodeath,andpickpockets,thievesandrobbersareoftenpunished,byhavingtheirhandscutoff.V.SentenceParaphrase3Butcanweaffordtocutoffthehandsofthosewhocommittedmorethan35millionpropertycrimeseachyear?Canwesendthemtoprison?Canweexecutemorethan22,000murderers?(Para.2)Butcanwecutoffthehandsofthosewhocommittedmorethan35millioncrimesofstealing,muggingorrobberyeachyear?Canweputallofthemintoprison?Canweputtodeaththemorethan22,000murdererseachyear?Canwedoallthatwithoutarousingcriesofprotests?rhetoricalquestions,anduseofrepetitionTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

V.SentenceParaphrase3goto4Culturalnote:IntheU.S.,evenwhenthesuspectinvolvedinamurdercaseiscaught,heismoreoftenthannotfoundinnocentbecausetheaccusedisheld“innocentuntilprovenguilty”andisconvicted“beyondreasonabledoubt”,anditisnotsoeasytofindevidenceaboutwhichnoreasonabledoubtcanberaised.無罪推定，排除合理疑點后才能判罪Notetheironyincomparinguniversityenrollmentandimprisonment.V.SentenceParaphrase4Justasthedeclineinthenumberofhigh-schoolgraduateshasmadeiteasiertogainadmissiontothecollegeofone’schoice,thegradualincreaseinthecriminalpopulationhasmadeitmoredifficulttogetintoprison.(Para.4)Theincreasingnumberofcrimeshasmadeitmoredifficulttogetcriminalsintoprisonwhilethedecreasingnumberofhigh-schoolgraduateshasmadeiteasiertobeadmittedintothecollegeofaperson’schoice.goto5Notethesarcasminthisremark.V.SentenceParaphrase5Whileelitecollegesanduniversitiesstillhavehighstandardsofadmissions,someofthemost“exclusive”prisonsnowrequireaboutfivepriorseriouscrimesbeforeaninmateisacceptedintotheircorrectionalprogram.(Para.4)Thereisasimilaritybetweenprisonsanduniversitiesintheirrecruitingpolicy.You’vegottobeoutstandingcandidatestogetintothebestcollegesanduniversities.Similarly,certainprisonsfordangerouscriminalsonlyacceptthosewhohavecommittedfiveseriouscrimesbeforebeingconvictedforthepresentone.goto6V.SentenceParaphrase6Ourcurrentcropofprisonersisanelitegroup,onthewholemuchmoreseriousoffendersthanthosewhowereonceimprisonedinAlcatraz.(Para.4)Ourpresentimprisonedcriminalpopulationisindeedcomposedoffirst-ratecriminals.Onthewhole,theyaremuchmoreseriouslaw-breakersthanthosewhowereputinaprisonforthedangerouscriminalsofthecountryinthethirtyyearsbetweentheearly1930sandearly1960s.goto7hereusedironicallyV.SentenceParaphrase7Thepolicecan’tfindmostcriminalsandthosetheydofindaredifficultandcostlytoconvict.(Para.5)First,thepoliceforceisunabletofindmostcriminals.Second,itisdifficulttoprosecutethosetheyhavefound,trythemandfinallygetacourttodeclarethemguilty,anditcostsalotofmoneytodoso,too.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.

V.SentenceParaphrase7Culturalnote:AccordingtothejudicialsystemoftheU.S.,acriminalistriedbyajurywhoreachesaverdictofinnocentorguilty.Theaccusedistobefoundguilty“beyondreasonabledoubt”.Thismakesitdifficulttoconvictacriminal,forhislawyerscanalwaysraiseareasonabledoubtconcerningtheevidence,thetestimonyorthereliabilityofthewitnesses.Also,collectingevidenceandhavingatrialcostalotofmoney.Sometimesatrialmightlastmonths,orevenyearsasthenine-monthtrialofO.J.Simpson,famousAmericanfootballplayerandactor,whowaschargedwithmurderinghisformerwifeandherboyfriend,buteventuallydeclaredinnocent.goto8V.SentenceParaphrase8Yetwhenmeasuredagainstthelowercrimeratesthiswouldprobablyproduce,longerprisonsentencesarenotworththecosttostateandlocalgovernments.(Para.7)Ifcriminalswerekeptlongerinprison,crimerateswouldprobablygodown.Butwhenweconsiderthemoneythatstateandlocalgovernmentshavetopayforthis,longerprisonsentencesarenotworthwhile.

comparedwithgoto9

keepingthemlockedupforlongerperiodsoftimeV.SentenceParaphrase9Evenifreleasedprisonerscommitanaverageoftwocrimeseach,thiswouldamounttoonly15,000crimesprevented:adropinthebucketwhenmeasuredagainstthe41millioncrimescommittedeachyear.(Para.8)goto10anamountofsth.,thatistoosmallorunimportanttomakeanyrealdifference杯水車薪，小巫見大巫e.g.Whatwehaveraisedisjustadropinthebucket.Theprojectwillneedfarmore.V.SentenceParaphrase10Thefirst-yearoperatingcostwouldbe$150,000percrimeprevented,worthitifthevictimwereyouorme,butmuchtooexpensivetobefeasibleasanationalpolicy.(Para.9)$150,000wouldbeworthitiftherewereonlyoneperson’slife,suchasyoursormine,tosave,butsuchapolicywouldbemuchtooexpensivetocarryoutnationwide.

goto11V.SentenceParaphrase11Thisessay,oneoftheseriesdiscussingcrimeandpunishment,beginsandendswiththesamestatement:dealingwithcrimeseverelywon’twork.anitemthatformspartofabook,magazine,broadcast,discussion,etc.Mycontributiontothepublicdebatebeginsandendswiththissimpleobservation:gettingtoughwithcriminalsisnottheanswer.(Para.10)TheendofSentenceParaphrase.aremark,orstatementLesson5SentenceParaphrase1 Allthethingsconsidered,hethoughtitwasabadidea.(Para.2)absoluteconstructiongoto2 Sometimeshiswifegotthislookwhereshepinchedherbrowstogetherandbitherlowerlip.(Para.4)“Where”isusedtoindicatearelativeclause.Itcanbeusedafterwordsreferringtoanaspectofasituation,orastageinsth.SentenceParaphrase2 Hesqueezedtoseehowdeepthewoundwas.(Para.18)Nounclauseintroducedby“how”functionsastheobjectof“see”.goto3Pun:

“Wound”referstoboththecutandinjurytofeelings.SentenceParaphrase3 “Yes,different,”hesnapped,angrywithherresortingtothistrickofrepeatinghiswordssothattheysoundedhypocritical.(Para.16)spokeabruptlyandsharplygoto4toturntothehelpofthetrickadjectivephraseassubjectcomplementappositivestructurelinkedby“of”SentenceParaphrase4 Whilehewasatit,hedecided,hemightaswellmopthefloor.(Para.42)goto5hadbetterhewasdoingthedishesSentenceParaphrase5Hethoughttheyearstheyhadspenttogether,andhowclosetheywere,andhowwelltheykneweachother,andhisthroattightenedsothathecouldhardlybreathe.(Para.43)“asaresult”introducinganadverbialclauseofresultobjectiveclausesof“thought”TheendofSentenceParaphrase.

Lesson6SentenceParaphrase1strong,suddenmovementofwindWithasharpandloudnoise,Washington,theneatlywell-designedcityoforderwasthrownintoaterribleconfusion.appositionphrasegoto2asharp,loudandforcefulstrikeoftheplaneandthebridge,stressingwhatmettheearWashington,thecityofformandrules,turnedchaoticbyablastofrealwinterandasingleslapofmetalonmetal.(Para.1)disorderedstateofunformedthingsSentenceParaphrase2Andtherewastheaestheticclashaswell—blueandgreenAirFlorida,thenameofaflyinggarden,sunkdownamonggraychunksoficeinablackriver.(Para.1)appositiongoto3Theclashwasalsoaclashofcolours,binationofcolourswhichgaveanartisticeffectonthehorriblescene,stressingwhatmettheeyeSentenceParaphrase3LastWednesdaytheelements,indifferentasever,broughtdownFlight90.Andonthatsameafternoonhumannature—gropingandstruggling—rosetotheoccasion.(Para.2)LastWednesday,thebadweather,unconcernedabouttheconsequencesitmightbringaboutasalways,madeFlight90falldown.Onthatsameafternoon,humannature,gropingfortheflotationringsandstrugglingintheicywater,cametoproveitsgreatnessdisplayedinanunexpectedtragedy.madetheplanefalldowngoto4unconcernabouttheconsequencesasalwayswasabletodealwithanunexpectedproblem,adifficulttaskSentenceParaphrase4Ofthefouracknowledgedheroesoftheevent,threeareabletoaccountfortheirbehavior.(Para.3)goto5Onlythreeoutofthesefourheroeslivedtotellpeoplewhattheyactuallyhaddoneandhowtheyhadrescuedthefivesurvivors.SentenceParaphrase5Ontelevision,sidebyside,theydescribedtheircourageasallinthelineofduty.(Para.3)aspartofone’sdutyIt’stheirdutytobecourageousenoughtorescuepeopleinthewater.goto6SentenceParaphrase6Skutnikaddedthat“somebodyhadtogointothewater”,deliveringeveryhero’slinethatisnolessadmirableforbeingrepeated.(Para.3)Skutnikgavearemarkthathasbeensaidbeforebymanypeopleinsimilarsituations,butitisstilladmirable.goto7makingeveryhero’sremarkequallyasaresultofSentenceParaphrase7Butthepersonmostresponsiblefortheemotionalimpactofthedisasteristheoneknownfirstas“themaninthewater”.(Para.4)beingthecauseforgoto8SentenceParaphrase8Hisselfishnesswasonereasonthestoryheldnationalattention;hisanonymityanother.(Para.4)goto9ParallelstructureSentenceParaphrase9ForawhilehewasEveryman,andthusproof(asifoneneededit)thatnooneisordinary.(Para.4)Everyman,thenameofa15th-centuryEnglishmoralplayaboutdeathandfateofman’ssoul,generallyregardedasthebestmoralplayTheanonymousmanreallyrepresentsthebestofhumannature.Whathedidwasnottheactofasupernaturalbeing,buttheactofanordinaryperson.goto10SentenceParaphrase10

Hewasthere,intheessential,classiccircumstance.(Para.7)goto11mostimportanttraditionalorlongestablishedWhathappenedthatdaywasatypicalsituationinwhichnaturalforcesandmanfoughtagainsteachother.Andwhenelementsbegintoshowtheirpower,youalwaysfindmanwhowillfightback.Heisalwaysthere.Wecanalwaysexpecttofindsuchahero.SentenceParaphrase11

Sotheage-oldbattlebeganagaininthePotomac.Foraslongasmancouldlast,theywentateachother,natureandman.(Para.7)goto12 foughtthetraditionalideathathumancivilizationisarecordofman’sgradualconquestofnatureSentenceParaphrase12…theonemakingnodistinctionsofgoodandevil,actingonnoprinciples,offeringnolifelines;theotheractingwhollyondistinctions,principlesand,perhaps,onfaith.(Para.7)Man,ontheotherhand,hashismoralstandardsofwhatisrightandwrong.Hemustbehaveaccordingtothemoralprinciplesandbeliefs.goto13Naturehasnomoralstandards.Itworksonnohumanprinciples.Itcaresnothingabouttheindividuallifeofman.SentenceParaphrase13

Inreality,webelievetheopposite,andittakestheactofthemaninthewatertoremindusofourtruefeelingsinthismatter.(Para.8)goto14Actually,thedeathofthemandidnotmeanthathumanbeingshadlostthebattle.Inamoralsense,manhadwonbecauseman’scouragetodefydeathwasalsoatremendouspower.Therefore,whathappenedtothismaninthewatershouldfilluswithprideratherthansadness.SentenceParaphrase14Themaninthewatersethimselfagainstanimmovable,impersonalenemy;hefoughtitwithkindness;andheheldittoastandoff.Hewasthebestwecando.(Para.9)nature,whichisindifferentandcannotbepersuadedtochangeitsattitudetowardsmanasituationinwhichneithersideinabattlecangainanadvantagetomakesb.starttofightwithTheendofSentenceParaphrase.

Lesson4II.SentenceParaphrase1 Iwastiredoflookingatthetropicalsea,soIwentashoreandwalkedintoataverntoseeiftheyhadanydecentwinesinthatcountry.(Para.5)togototheshoregoto2acceptable,goodenoughII.SentenceParaphrase2

Whenthebottlehadbeenuncorkedandthewinepouredout,likeliquidtropicalsunlight,Iwatcheditgodownunderthatblackmustache.(Para.5)Simile:Itsuggeststhatthewinewasprettystrong,likehotliquidsunlight.omissionof“hadbeen”Thewinehadbeenpouredout.goto3Thebottlewasopenedandthewinewaspouredout.Themanwithblackmustachedrankitupalthoughitwasprettystrong,likehotliquidsunlight.II.SentenceParaphrase3 “Andwehadascientistwho,asIhavesinceseenproved,hadnorivalwestoftheAtlantic.”(Para.6)AndwehadtheverybestscientistinLatinAmericancountriesasIhaveseenhimprovedwithoutrival.tobetheverybestrelativepronounastheobjectof“seen”goto4MoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.II.SentenceParaphrase3HewasinsuchafuryasIhaveneverseen.Taiwanis,asyouknow,

aninseparablepartofChina.backto3II.SentenceParaphrase4 AndIhadnotthoughtit,forhewasnotatallwhatonewouldregardasthefigureofasoldier.(Para.11)thekindofpersononewouldexpecttoseeasasoldierIhadnotthoughtthathehadservedinthemilitaryauthority,forhisshapeofbodywasnotlikethatofasoldieratall.goto5II.SentenceParaphrase5“Hethoughtofwarsimplyasanopportunityforcavalrychargesandfineuniformsandglory.”(Para.12)beautifuluniformsandimpressiveappearanceOurministeronlyregardedwaraschargesonhorseback,beautifuluniformsandimpressiveappearance.

chargesonhorsebackgoto6II.SentenceParaphrase6

“Once,ifanationhadtwelvebattleshipsitwasaGreatPower,andwecouldonlyobey.”(Para.16)Itreferstothe19thcenturywhencolonialistsandimperialistspursuedgunboat

diplomacy.Gunboatdiplomacy:theuseofathreatofshowofarmedforcebyacountrytosupportaclaim,demand,complaint,etc.againstanother.atonetimegoto7II.SentenceParaphrase7Butwhatifweknowhowtoletlooseaplaguecapableofdestroyingwholenations?(Para.16)toletsb.orsth.freeWhatwouldhappenifweknowhowtoreleaseaplaguethatcandestroywholenations?adjectivephraseasmodifiergoto8MoreexamplesII.SentenceParaphrase7Ithinkheisamansuitableforthejob.Soldiersnormallytimiddon’tfightwell.Amansodifficulttopleasemustbehardtoworkwith.backto7II.SentenceParaphrase8“Weknewthatwehadmarvelouspowerswithinourgrasp,ifonlyCarasierracouldbekeptathiswork.”(Para.18)IfwecouldkeepCarasierraathiswork,wewouldbeabletoattaingreatpower.goto9toforcesomeonetocontinuetodosth.tobeabletoachieveorattainsth.II.SentenceParaphrase9 “Alwaysspurredonbyafierceambition.Hisverylifewasdevotedtomakinginventions.”(Para.20)Hewasalwaysdrivenbyastrongambition.Hehadgivenhiswholelifetomakinginventions.tourgesb.totryhardergoto10usedtoemphasizeanounII.SentenceParaphrase10 “Butnothingwouldturnhimfromhisproject.Thesplendorofhisnewinspirationgrippedhim,andhewaslikeamandrugged.”(Para.23)Nothingcoulddiverthisattentionfromhiswork.Theimpressivebeautyofhisnewinspirationinterestedhimgreatlyandhewaslikeamanwhohadbeedrugged.todiverthisattentionfromhisprojectgoto11II.SentenceParaphrase11“WeweresonearlyoneoftheGreatPowersbutforafancythatcametothisman’smind.”(Para.24)Ifafancyhadnotgrippedthisman,wewouldhavebecomeoneoftheGreatPowers.goto12ifnotforII.SentenceParaphrase12“…h(huán)efellthentosilentbrooding,gazing,asitseemed,intothepastatthegripthathiscountryhadlostontheCaribbean,perhapsontheworld.”(Para.45)Hefellthentosilentthinking.HelookedintentlyintothepastwhenhiscountryhadlostthepowerontheCarribbean,eventheworld.TheendofSentenceParaphrase.Lesson8III.SentenceParaphrase1

Well,hegavehismotheranewcoatlastChristmas—buthewouldn'tthinkofgivin’meanythingsopersonal-like.(Para.6)Personalgiftsaremoreprivateandintimate.Theyareonlyforspecialpeople.goto2III.Se