江蘇省南通市2018-2019學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題(含解析)

江蘇省南通市 2018-2019學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 20分）第一節(jié)（共5題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。Whatkindofpiedoesthewomanlikebetter ？TheapplepieThecherrypie.Thelemoncreampie.WhatTVshowdoesthemanwanttowatch?GameofThrones.HereandNow.HouseofCards.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?Swimintheocean.Enjoythesunshine.PlaywithMaryonthebeach.Whenwillthespeakersmeetfordinner ？OnMonday.OnFriday.OnSaturday.Howwillthemantraveltomorrow？Bytrain.Bycar.Byairplane.第二節(jié)（共15題；每小題1分，滿分15分）A B、CA B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中5秒鐘；聽完后，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。WhatarethespeakersmainlytalkingaboutWhatsnackstheyliketohave.Whatsnacksthewomanshouldbring.Whatsnacksthemanthinksarehealthy.Whatwillthespeakershaveduringthegamesnextweek ？Orangejuice.Popcorn.Cola.聽第7段材料，回答第 8、9題。Whichcitywillthebusgofinally ？ToRome.ToGeneva.ToParis.Whichseatwillthemansitonthebus?A.Seat4.B.Seat6.C.Seat8.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。Wherewillthemangofirstthisafternoon ？Tothemarket.Tothepostoffice.CTotherepairshop.Whatwillthemandotomorrownight？Visithisgrandparents.Havedinnerwithhismother.Throwapartyforthekids.WhatwillthespeakershavefordinnertonightA.Roastchicken.B.Sandwiches.C.Pizza.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers ？Goodfriends.Bossandemployee.Waiterandcustomer.Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday？A.Rainy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.Whatwillthemandofirst？Organizetheshelves.Turnonthelight.Washthewindows.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardtheman ？Friendly.Angry.Cruel.聽第10段材料，回答第 17至20題。HowmanyboatsrunfromAthenstoSamoseveryweekinsummer ？A.One.B.Two.C.Three.WhendoesitrainalotinSamos?InApril.InAugust.InNovember.WhatactivityisperfectfortravelersinthesouthofSamos?Climbingmountains.Relaxingonthebeach.Visitingthevillages.Wherecanvisitorshavepartiesaccordingtothespeaker?AInthenorthofSamos.InthewestofSamos.

IntheeastofSamos.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATateModern,London,UKTogetherwiththreeotherTatemuseums.TateModernlocatedinLondonisanationalmuseumofinternational 音modernart.Itisoneofthelargestmuseumsofmodernandcontemporaryartintheworld.Mostoftheexhibititemsareopentothepublicforfree,onlychargingformajortemporary(臨時(shí)的)exhibitions.TheMuseeduLouvre,Paris,FranceItistheworld'slargestandmostvisitedartmuseumandahistoricallandmarkofParis.HousedintheLouvrePalacethemuseumhasbeenaddedtomanytimessinceitsopeningin1793.ItsglasspyramidinthemaincourtyardwasdesignedbyChineseAmericanarchitectIeohMingPei,anditlaterbecameasignaturedesignofthemuseum.appearinginthehitthrillerTheDaVinciCodestarringTomHanksandAudreyTautou.NationalMuseumofChina,Beijing,ChinaNearTiananmenSquareinBeijing,it'soneofthelargestmuseumsintheworldandthesecond-mostvisitedartmuseumintheworld,justaftertheMuseeduLouvre.CoveringatimespanfromtheYuanmouManof1.7millionyearsagototheQingDynasty(1644-1911),themuseumhousesaround1.05millionitems-andmanycannotbefoundinmuseumselsewhere.

StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg,RussiaartmuseumTheStateHermitageMuseumisthesecond-largestintheworld.Thepubliccanvisitfiveofthemainbuildings:theWinterPalace,SmallHermitage,OldHermitage,NewHermitageandHermitageTheatre.artmuseumFrequentlyseeninpopculture.itoftenappearsasasettingforfilms.TVseries,novelsandevenvideogames.TateModem,London,UKisattractivepartlyinthat.itisanationalmuseumwiththreebranchesentrytomostofitsexhibitionsisfreeofchargeitsexhibitionsrangefromancientarttomodernartvisitorscanpurchasesomewonderfulexhibititemsWhatdoweknowaboutTheMuseeduLouvre?Itoftenservesasasettingforfilms.Itslaysthesameasitwaswhenfirstbuilt.Itisthemostvisitedartmuseumintheworld.ItwasdesignedbyaChineseAmericanarchitect.WhichmuseumdisplaysuniqueitemsfromtheYuanmouMan?TateModern.London,UK.TheMuseeduLouvre,Paris,France.NationalMuseumofChina,Beijing.China.StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg,Russia.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。分別介紹了四個(gè)博物館的具體情況。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句 Mostoftheexhibititemsareopentothepublicforfree,onlychargingformajortemporaryexhibitions. （大音B分展品者B是免費(fèi)向公眾開放的，只對(duì)大型臨時(shí)展覽收費(fèi)。）可知英國(guó)倫敦TateModem美術(shù)館之所以吸引人，部分原因在于它的大部分展覽都是免費(fèi)的。故選 B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句 Itistheworld'slargestandmostvisitedartmuseumandahistoricallandmarkofParis. （它是世界上最大、參觀人數(shù)最多的藝術(shù)博物館，也是巴黎的歷史地標(biāo)。）可知TheMuseeduLouvre是世界上參觀人數(shù)最多的藝術(shù)博物館。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分中 CoveringatimespanfromtheYuanmouManof1.7millionyearsagototheQingDynasty（1644-1911）,themuseumhousesaround1.05millionitems-andmanycannotbefoundinmuseumselsewhere. （從170萬(wàn)年前的元牟人至U清朝（1644-1911）,故宮博物院收藏了 105萬(wàn)件文物，其中許多在其他地方的博物館都找不到。 ）可知NationalMuseumofChina,Beijing.China. 展出元謀人的獨(dú)特物品。故選CBGrandparentsarerespectedinmanyhumansocieties.Buttellingstoriesaboutoldtimesandoverfeedinggrandchildrenseemlikehumanqualities.Aretheseclassicgrandparentbehaviorsreallylimitedtohumans ?Doanyanimalsknowtheirgrandparentsthewaypeopledo?FormostspeciesonEarth,theansweriscertainly "No'."Usually,therearen'tgrandparentsaroundanymorewhenananimalisborn ,"saidMirkkaLahdenpera,abiologistattheUniversityofTurkuinFinland."Evenifananimal'slifespandoesoverlap（重疊）withitsgrandparents',mostspeciesspreadouttoavoidcompetingforresources,sothechanceofrunningintoagrandparentisslim."Butthereareafewclearexceptions ,primarilyamongmammals （哺孚L動(dòng)物） thatliveinclosesocialgroups.IntroopsoflangurmonkeysinIndia,olderfemaleslivedtogetherwiththeirdaughtersandgrandchildren.Thegrandmotherlangursdefendthegroup'sbabiesagainstattacksandevengivetheirowngrandchildrenspecialtreatment.Manywhalespecies,too,travelinfamilygroupsthatincludebothgrandmothersandgrandchildren.Elephantherdsarealsofamouslymatriarchal.Theyareledbyagrandmother ,whocanlivetoaround80yearsold,andaregenerallymadeupofherdaughtersandtheiryoung.Thefemalesinaherdformclosebondsandworktogethertoraisetheiryoung.Lahdenperfoundthatthebabiesofyoungmotherswereeighttimesmorelikelytosurviveiftheirgrandmotherslivednearthemthaniftheydidn't.Whentheyoungmotherswereolderandmoreexperiencedatraisingbabies,thisbeneficialgrandmothereffectdisappearedeveniftheactualgrandmotherswerestillaround.Indeed,mostevidenceforthebenefitsofgrandparentingcomesfrommammals.Butin2010,researchersfoundthatintroopsofinsectscalledgall-formingaphids,olderfemalesdefendtheirrelativesafterthey'vestoppedreproducing （繁殖）Andwhataboutgrandfathers?Studiesofhumansinrecentdecadeshaveshownthatalivinggrandfathercanimproveaperson'smentalhealthandotherindicatorsofwell-being.Butthere'snoevidenceofthatintheanimalkingdom.Maleanimalsrarelysocializewiththeirownchildren ,letaloneanygrandchildren.FromwhatMirkkaLahdenperasaid,wecanlearnthat.ananimalisnotverylikelytomeetagrandparentananimalistakenawayfromitsgrandparentsatbirthanimals'grandparentsmoveawaytoavoidresponsibilityanimals'grandparentsoftenfailincompetitionforresourcesTheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5indicatesthat..elephantshaveahighlevelofintelligenceelephantsenjoyanequalandfairsocialsystemelephantsarethelargestlandanimalswithalonglifeelephantsliveinsocialgroupswithfemalesinchargeWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Insectsstillabletoreproducewilldefendtheirrelatives.Animals'beneficialgrandmothereffectwillexistforever.Animalscanbementallyhealthierwiththeirgrandfathers.Maleanimalsseldomspendtimewiththeirgrandchildren.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?Doanyanimalsknowtheirgrandparents?Doanyanimalsrespecttheirgrandparents?Howdoanimalslivewiththeirgrandparents?Howdoanimalssocializewiththeirgrandparents?【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。對(duì)于地球上的大多數(shù)物種來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物并不像人類一樣了解它們的祖父母。而大多數(shù)證據(jù)表明，父母教養(yǎng)子女的益處來(lái)自哺乳動(dòng)物。而在動(dòng)物界雄性動(dòng)物很少與自己的孩子交往，更不用說(shuō)孫輩了?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中mostspeciesspreadouttoavoidcompetingforresources,sothechanceofrunningintoagrandparentisslim.（大多數(shù)物種分散開來(lái)是為了避免爭(zhēng)奪資源，所以與祖父母相遇的幾率很小。）可知根據(jù)MirkkaLahdenpera所說(shuō)的話，我們可以知道動(dòng)物不太可能遇到祖父母。故選 A。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文 Theyareledbyagrandmother,whocanlivetoaround80yearsold,andaregenerallymadeupofherdaughtersandtheiryoung.（他們由一位能活到80歲左右的祖母帶領(lǐng)，通常由她的女兒和她們的孩子組成。）可知大象生活在一個(gè)由雌性負(fù)責(zé)的社會(huì)群體中。故選 D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Maleanimalsrarelysocializewiththeirownchildren,

letaloneanygrandchildren.（雄性動(dòng)物很少與自己的孩子交往，更不用說(shuō)孫輩了。）可知letaloneanygrandchildren.（雄性動(dòng)物很少與自己的孩子交往，更不用說(shuō)孫輩了。）可知雄性動(dòng)物很少花時(shí)間和他們的孫子孫女在一起。故選 D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段 Doanyanimalsknowtheirgrandparentsthewaypeopledo?（有動(dòng)物像人類一樣了解它們的祖父母嗎 ?）以及文章主要內(nèi)容為討論動(dòng)物界父母、孩子和祖輩的關(guān)系可知A選項(xiàng)最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選 A。CRecognizedas"thegoddessscientist"，NingYan（orNiengYan），42，isaleadingbiologyresearcheratPrincetonUniversityintheUS.OnApril30 ，shewasincludedamong100newmembersand25foreignassociatesintoTheNationalAcademyofSciences，afamousscientificinstitutionthataimstorecognizeoutstandingresearchintheUS.Yanisarisingstarinthescienceworldandherresume（履歷）isimpressive.AftergraduatingfromTsinghuaUniversityandPrinceton ，shewasinvitedtosetupherownlaboratoryatTsinghuain2007.Atage30 ，shebecameoneofChina'syoungest-everfemaleprofessors.Itwasalongroadtogetwheresheisnow.ShetoldPeoplemagazinethatshealwaysbelievesthatscientistsneedtohaveapuremindanddetermination.Yanlikestoworkatnight，becauseshecanfocuswhentheoutsideisquiet.Shealsoworksatleast14hoursaday，butshe'senergetic，becauseresearchisthemost"comfortable”jobforher，accordingtoaninterviewwithPeoplemagazine.ThisdevotiontoherworkprobablyhelpedYaninherresearchtoidentifythestructuresofproteinsincells'plasmamembranes，whichpuzzledscientistsforhalfacentury.HerachievementsgotherlistedamongthejournalNature'sScienceStarsofChinain2016.YanalsoenjoysTVdramasandclassicnovels.Surprisingly ，thenovelJourneytotheWestinspiredhertobecomeastructuralbiologist.Inthebook ，theMonkeyKingturnsintootheranimals.Shewonderedwhatitwouldbeliketochangeherself.Luckily.Yannowlivesinthatworldeveryday ，exploringhowproteinsworkatthelevelofatoms.“Itwasalmostdestined（命中注定的）thatIwouldbecomeastructuralbiologist，"shesaidinaninterviewwithNature.Assherealizesherowndreams，Yantriestoencouragemorewomentofollowcareers（職業(yè)）inscience.Inhereyes，thereisnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninthescientificfields.“Womencanworkasexcellentlyasmenandlivethewaytheychooseto，"shesaidinapublicinterview.WhatmadeNingYanbecomeamemberoftheNationalAcademyofSciences ？A.Hersocialbackground. B.Herimpressivewisdom.C.Herfirst-classeducation. D.Heroutstandingresearch.WhichofthefollowingplayedaroleinYanbecomingastructuralbiologist ？Peoplemagazine.JourneytotheWest.ThejournalNature.ScienceStarsofChina.NingYanwouldprobablyagreethat scientistscanwinsuccessbyworkingatnightwomencanmatchmeninscientificachievementsmorewomenshouldbeallowedtotakeupsciencescientistsshouldenjoyTVdramasandclassicnovelsWhatcanwelearnfromNingYan'sstory?Itisnevertoolatetolearn.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了被公認(rèn)為“女神科學(xué)家”寧顏 （或NiengYan）,在4月30日,被列入100年新成員和25個(gè)外國(guó)同事進(jìn)入美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院 ,一個(gè)著名的科研機(jī)構(gòu) ,旨在表彰在美國(guó)有杰出研究成果的人員。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中OnApril30,shewasincludedamong100newmembersand25foreignassociatesintoTheNationalAcademyofSciences,afamousscientific4月4月30日，她成為美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的100名新成員和25名外國(guó)同事之一。美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院是一家旨在表彰美國(guó)杰出研究成果的著名科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。）可知是NingYan杰出的研究成果讓她成為了美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的一員。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句Surprisingly,thenovelJourneytotheWestinspired家。故選 B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Inhereyes,thereisnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninthescientificfields.（在她看來(lái)，在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，男人和女人沒有什么區(qū)別。B。可知NingYanB。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中ShetoldPeoplemagazinethatshealwaysbelievesthat推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中scientistsneedtohaveapuremindanddetermination.（她在接受《人物》雜志采訪時(shí)表示，她一直認(rèn)為科學(xué)家需要有一個(gè)純潔的頭腦和決心。）可推知我們從NingYan的故事中能了解到世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。故選 D?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題方法細(xì)節(jié)理解題屬直接解答性問題，是閱讀理解題中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種，多數(shù)屬中低難度的題。但高考所占的比例大，應(yīng)特別引起注意。事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題的命題特點(diǎn)是：對(duì)文章或某一段落中的一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章重要事實(shí)的理解，一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題。直接理解題能在原文直接找到答案，而語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題則需要將題目信息與原文信息加工或整理后才能得出結(jié)論。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題具體方法與步驟如下：1.略讀材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。經(jīng)常有新技術(shù)對(duì)將來(lái)人們工作和生活不良影響的預(yù)測(cè)，但事實(shí)證明結(jié)果并不是那樣，我們有必要否定預(yù)測(cè)，以減少人們的恐懼。.按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織^式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如forexample,first,second…等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。.將精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上。快速通篇跳讀，全文掃視，找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如第一小題，根據(jù)第一段中OnApril30,shewasincludedamong100newmembersand25foreignassociatesintoTheNationalAcademyofSciences,afamousscientificinstitutionthataimstorecognizeoutstandingresearchintheUS. （4月30日，她成為美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的100名新成員和25名外國(guó)同事之一。美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院是一家旨在表彰美國(guó)杰出研究成果的著名科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。）可知是NingYan杰出的研究成果讓她成為了美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的一員。故選 D。DSanFranciscohasdecidedthatitscitygovernmentworkerscan'tusecomputerprogramsthatrecognizefaces.ItisthefirstUScitytotakesuchastrongsteptokeepthistechnologyundercontrol.Whenacomputersystemidentifiesapersonfromtheirfaceinapicture ，it'scalled“facialrecognition".Manypolicedepartmentsusefacialrecognition.Itcanbehelpfulwhenpolicejusthaveapictureofasuspect（嫌疑犯）.butnootherinformation.Normally，evenwithfacialrecognition，policemusthaveotherproofshowingthatapersonisguilty.Butmanypeoplesayfacialrecognitionprogramsaren'tgoodenoughyet.Theprogramscanusuallyrecognizewhitemen.Butthey'renotsogoodatidentifyingwomenandpeoplewithdarkerskin.Theyworrythat"falsematches"-whenthecomputerthinksithasidentifiedaperson，butit'swrong-willmakeinnocentpeoplelooklikecriminals.ForcompanieslikeAmazonandMicrosoft，facialrecognitionisabigbusiness.AmazonhasworkedhardtoselltheirfacialrecognitionprogramtopolicedepartmentsaroundtheUS.Microsoftsellstoolsthatallowprisonstowatchpeopleinside.Toworkwell，facialrecognitionprogramsmusthaveagreatnumberofpicturesofpeople.Butmostpeoplewhosepicturesareinthesystemsnevergavepermission（許可）fortheirpicturestobeused.Manypeopleworrythatusingcomputerstoidentifyortrackpeoplewilldecreasefreedom.Now，inmanyplaces，facialrecognitionisusedtokeeppeopleundercontrolandmuchofpubliclifeiswatchedonsecuritycameras.Similarly ，manycitiesinAmericaandEuropearealsoalmostcompletelycoveredbysecuritycameras.Policeofficersnowoftenwearcamerasontheirbodies，recordingallthetime.It'susuallynotclearwhengovernmentsareusingfacialrecognitionandhowtheyareusingit.FacialrecognitionisalreadybeingusedatairportsthroughoutEuropeandintheUS.TheDepartmentofHomelandSecurityexpectstohavepicturesof97%ofthepeopleflyingoutofthecountryinthenextfouryears.Asthesepowerfulcomputerprogramsbecomemorecommon,SanFrancisco'smovetocontrolfacialrecognitionisanunusualandstrongmovetolimitthewaygovernmentsusecomputerstowatchandcontrolpeople.Whydopeopleworryaboutfacialrecognitionprograms?Theycannotmultiplypeople'sresponsibility.Theycannothelppoliceidentifygoodpeople.Theywillmistakeinnocentpeopleforbadpeople.Theywillidentifyblackpeopleinsteadofwhitepeople.Howcanfacialrecognitionprogramsfunctioneffectively?Companiesshouldworkwitheachother.Peopleshouldhavemorepicturestaken.Theyshouldincludeasmanypicturesaspossible.Policedepartmentsandprisonsshouldbeundercontrol.Whatmakespeoplefeeltheirfreedomisonthedecrease?Therearepoliceeverywhere.Alotofsecuritycamerasareused.Morepeopleareforcedtostayathome.Governmentsfocusmoreonfacialrecognition.What'sSanFrancisco'sattitudetowardsgovernmentworkersusingfacialrecognition?B.Supportive.A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。當(dāng)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)照片中的人臉來(lái)識(shí)別一個(gè)人時(shí)，它被稱為“面部識(shí)別”。許多警察部門使用面部識(shí)別技術(shù)。而舊金山?jīng)Q定市政府工作人員不能使用識(shí)別人臉的電腦程序，旨在限制政府使用計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)視和控制人們的方式。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theyworrythat"falsematches"-whenthecomputerthinksithasidentifiedaperson,butit'swrong-willmakeinnocentpeoplelooklikecriminals.（他們擔(dān)心“虛假匹配”——當(dāng)電腦認(rèn)為它已經(jīng)識(shí)別出一個(gè)人，但這是錯(cuò)誤的——會(huì)讓無(wú)辜的人看起來(lái)像罪犯。）可知人們擔(dān)心面部識(shí)別程序會(huì)把無(wú)辜的人誤認(rèn)為壞人。故選 C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Toworkwell,facialrecognitionprogramsmusthaveagreatnumberofpicturesofpeople.（為了更好地工作，面部識(shí)別程序必須有大量的人的照片。）可知面部識(shí)別程序應(yīng)該包括盡可能多的圖片來(lái)有效運(yùn)作。故選 C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中Manypeopleworrythatusingcomputerstoidentifyortrackpeoplewilldecreasefreedom.Now,inmanyplaces,facialrecognitionisusedtokeeppeopleundercontrolandmuchofpubliclifeiswatchedonsecuritycameras.Similarly,manycitiesinAmericaandEuropearealsoalmostcompletelycoveredbysecuritycameras.（許多人擔(dān)心使用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)識(shí)別或跟蹤人會(huì)減少自由。現(xiàn)在，在許多地方，面部識(shí)別被用來(lái)控制人們，很多公共生活被監(jiān)控在安全攝像頭上。同樣，美國(guó)和歐洲的許多城市也幾乎完全被監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭覆蓋。）可知大量的安全攝像頭的使用讓人們感到他們的自由在減少。故選 B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段 SanFranciscohasdecidedthatitscitygovernmentworkerscan'tusecomputerprogramsthatrecognizefaces.（舊金山?jīng)Q定市政府工作人員不能使用識(shí)別人臉的電腦程序。）以及最后一段中SanFrancisco'smovetocontrolfacialrecognitionisanunusualandstrongmovetolimitthewaygovernmentsusecomputerstowatchandcontrolpeople.（舊金山控制面部識(shí)別的舉措是一個(gè)不同尋常的、強(qiáng)有力的舉措，旨在andcontrolpeople.限制政府使用計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)視和控制人們的方式。 ）可推知舊金山對(duì)使用面部識(shí)別的政府工作人員持反對(duì)態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，，茜分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Anapologyisanexpressionofregretforsomethingyou'vedonewrong,andservesasawaytorepairarelationshipafterthatwrongdoing.Weallneedtolearnhowtoapologize.16Weallmakemistakes,andweallhavetheabilitytohurtpeople.Itisn'talwayseasytoapologize ,butit'sthemosteffectivewaytoregaintrustandbalanceinarelationship.Hereisafour-stepframeworkthatyoucanusewhenyoumakeanapology.Everyapologyneedstostartwithtwomagicwords:"I'msorry,"or"Iapologize."Thisisessentialbecausethesewordsexpressregretoveryouractions.Yourwordsneedtobesincere.Behonestaboutwhyyouwanttoapologize.17Apologizeassoonasyourealizethatyou'vewrongedsomeoneelse.Next,admitresponsibilityforyouractionsorbehavior.Here ,youneedtounderstandthepersonyouwronged,andshowthatyouunderstandhowyoumadeherfeel.18Instead,simplytrytoputyourselfinthatperson'sshoesandimaginehowshefelt.19Whenyoudoso,youtakeactiontomakethesituationright.Forexample"Ifthere'sanythingthatIcandotomakethisuptoyou,pleasejustask."Thinkcarefullyaboutthisstep.Emptypromiseswilldomoreharmthangood.Becauseyoufeelguilty,youmightgivemorethanwhat'sappropriate.Yourlaststepistoexplainthatyouwon'trepeattheactionorbehavior.Thisstepisimportantbecauseyoupromisethatyou'regoingtochangeyourbehavior.Thishelpsyourebuildtrustandrepairtherelationship.20Ifyoupromisetochangeyourbehavior,butdon'tfollowthrough,otherswillquestionyourreputationandyourtrustworthiness.Don'tmakeassumptions.Afterall,nooneisperfect.Timelinessisalsoimportanthere.Makeupforthedamagethatwasdone.Weallneedtolearnhowtoforgiveandforget.Youshouldtrytoseethingsfromthatperson'sangle.Makesurethatyoukeepyourwordinthedaystocome.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.D20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。道歉并不總是件容易的事，但這是在一段關(guān)系中重新獲得信任和平衡的最有效方式。文章因此說(shuō)明了道歉的四步框架?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文Weallmakemistakes,andweallhavetheabilitytohurtpeople.（我們都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，我們都有傷害別人的能力。）可知是在強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有人是完美的，每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文Apologizeassoonasyourealizethatyou'vewrongedsomeoneelse.（你一意識(shí)到你錯(cuò)怪了別人時(shí)，就馬上道歉。 ）可知是在強(qiáng)調(diào)道歉要及時(shí)，時(shí)機(jī)也很重要。故 C選項(xiàng)符合上下文語(yǔ)境。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文Instead,simplytrytoputyourselfinthatperson'sshoesandimaginehowshefelt.（相反，試著設(shè)身處地為她著想，想象她的感受。）中instead可知上文與下文意思相反，可知上文應(yīng)表示不要做假設(shè)，而是設(shè)身處地為別人著想。故選 A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文Forexample"Ifthere'sanythingthatIcandotomakethisuptoyou,pleasejustask."（例如，“如果我能做些什么來(lái)補(bǔ)償你，請(qǐng)盡管開口?！保┲衜akethisup可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)“Makeupforthedamagethatwasdone.（彌補(bǔ)所造成的損失。）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選 D。2020題詳解】根據(jù)下文Ifyoupromisetochangeyourbehavior,butdon'tfollowthrough,otherswillquestionyourreputationandyourtrustworthiness.（如果你承諾要改變自己的行為，但沒有做到，別人會(huì)質(zhì)疑你的聲譽(yù)和可信度。）可知在強(qiáng)調(diào)要信守承諾。故選 G?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解之七選五解題方法一、總體方法先確定出題的位置；讀題干，再讀需要填入句子的上下句，畫出關(guān)鍵詞；讀文章各段落，確定段落中心句和文章主題句；通讀文章確定上下句和選項(xiàng)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。二、根據(jù)出題位置的不同，說(shuō)說(shuō)各自不同的解題方法。1、出題位置設(shè)在段首1）查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2）鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，然后在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。如第四小題，根據(jù)下文 Forexample"Ifthere'sanythingthatIcandotomakethisuptoyou,pleasejustask."（例如，“如果我能做些什么來(lái)補(bǔ)償你，請(qǐng)盡管開口?！保┲衜akethisup 可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)"Makeupforthedamagethatwasdone. （彌補(bǔ)所造成的損失。）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選 D。2、出題位置在段落中比較上下文的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)鎖定答案閱讀各個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞，閱讀五個(gè)空白的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來(lái)。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組），專有名詞、時(shí)間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等；閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尤其是選項(xiàng)的首句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞；比較并匹配上述兩類關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案；將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來(lái)是否通順。3、出題位置在段尾這個(gè)時(shí)候，空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，大家要重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。1）要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果的、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的關(guān)鍵詞，如：therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,inaword 等，另外大家也要知道，選項(xiàng)中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞語(yǔ)。2）如果與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。大家就要注意在選項(xiàng)中尋找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立對(duì)比關(guān)系。3）如果所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。KateandDavidOggheardthewordseveryparentfears:Theirnewbornwasn'tgoingtomakeit.Theirtwins-agirlandaboy-wereborntwominutesapart.Doctorshad21tosavetheboyfor20minutesbutsawno22Hisheartbeatwasnearlygone,andhe'dstopped23Thebabyhadjustmomentstolive.“Isawhimgasp（口帚氣）,butthedoctorsaiditwasnouse,"saidKateyearslater.“Iknowitsounds 24 ,butifhewasstillgasping,thatwasa25oflife.Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupeasily."26一 ,theSydneycoupleknewthiswaslikelygoodbye.Ina （n）27totreasureherlastminuteswiththetinyboy ,Kateaskedto28him.Theyhadtoacceptthefactthattheyweregoingto29him,andtheywerejusttryingto30thoselast ,preciousmoments.Kate31thehospitalblanketfromtheboy,whomthecouplehadalreadynamedJamie,andorderedDavidtotakehisshirtoffand32theminbed.Thefirst-timeparentswantedtheirsontobeas 33 aspossibleandhopedtheskin-to-skincontactwouldimprovehis34Theyalsotalkedtohim.Theyexplainedhisnameandthathehada35thathehadtolookoutfor.Thensomethingamazinghappened.Jamiegaspedagain-andthenhestartedbreathing.Finally,he36forhisfather'sfinger.Thecouple'slostboyhad37it.Eightyearslater,Jamieandhissister,Emily,arehappyandhealthy.TheOggsonlyrecentlytoldthekidsthestoryoftheir38 .Emilyburstintotears.Shewasreally39,andshekepthugging（擁抱）Jamie.Thiswhole

40makesthecoupletreasurethemmore.A.managedA.improvementB.pausedB.associationC.preparedC.challengeD.triedD.conflict23.A.smilingB.cryingC.breathingD.eating24.A.stupidB.inspiringC.amazingD.terrible25.A.basisB.cycleC.signD.value26.A.AlsoB.StillC.ThereforeD.Otherwise27.A.effortB.positionC.attitudeD.hurry28.A.relaxB.holdC.comfortD.secure29.A.monitorB.tendC.forgetD.lose30.A.getawayfromB.catchupwithC.keepaneyeonD.makethemostof31.A.removedB.discouragedC.protectedD.collected32.A.shakeB.findC.joinD.place33.A.cheerfulB.fearlessC.safeD.warm34.A.statueB.conditionC.natureD.quality35.A.brotherB.cousinC.daughterD.twin36.A.reachedB.headedC.waitedD.stood37.A.meantB.caughtC.gotD.made38.A.educationB.friendshipC.birthD.growth39.A.distantB.upsetC.embarrassedD.confused40.A.experienceB.projectC.impressionD.situation【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了一對(duì)雙胞胎出生時(shí) ，醫(yī)生告訴他們的父母男孩難以存活 ，只有幾分鐘的時(shí)間了。而男孩的父母并沒有放棄 ,并在最后抱了他 ,結(jié)果男孩奇跡般地重新開始呼吸并幸存了下來(lái)的故事。21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生們?cè)噲D挽救這個(gè)男孩 20分鐘，但沒有看到任何好轉(zhuǎn)。A.managed管理；設(shè)法；B.paused暫停；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.tried嘗試。根據(jù)下文 tosavetheboyTOC\o"1-5"\h\zfor20minutes可知醫(yī)生試圖挽救這個(gè)男孩，短語(yǔ)trytodosth.“試圖做某事”，故選 D。22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生們?cè)噲D挽救這個(gè)男孩 20分鐘，但沒有看到任何好轉(zhuǎn)。A.improvement好轉(zhuǎn)；B.association協(xié)會(huì)；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.conflict沖突。根據(jù)上文butsawno可知沒有看到任何好轉(zhuǎn)。故選 A。23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的心跳幾乎停止，呼吸也停止了。A.smiling微笑；B.crying哭泣；C.breathing呼吸；D.eating吃。根據(jù)上文 Hisheartbeatwasnearlygone可知心跳停止了，呼吸也停止了。故選 C。24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道這聽起來(lái)很蠢，但如果他還在喘氣，那就是生命的跡象。A.stupid愚蠢的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.amazing驚異的；D.terrible糟糕的。母親認(rèn)為自己的想法聽起來(lái)很蠢。故選 A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道這聽起來(lái)很蠢，但如果他還在喘氣，那就是生命的跡象。A.basis基礎(chǔ)；B.cycle循環(huán)；C.sign跡象；D.value價(jià)值。根據(jù)上文ifhewasstillgasping可知他還在喘氣，那就是生命的跡象。故選 C。【26題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：不過，這對(duì)悉尼夫婦知道這可能是告別。A.Also也；B.Still不過；Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)下文 theSydneycoupleknewthiswaslikelygoodbye可知不過，這對(duì)夫婦知道這可能是告別，可知選 B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：凱特試圖珍惜和小男孩在一起的最后幾分鐘，凱特要求抱著他。A.effort努力；B.position位置；C.attitude態(tài)度；D.hurry匆忙。根據(jù)下文totreasure可知?jiǎng)P特試圖珍惜和小男孩在一起的最后幾分鐘，短herlastminuteswiththetinyboy可知?jiǎng)P特試圖珍惜和小男孩在一起的最后幾分鐘，短語(yǔ)inanefforttodosth.“試圖要；企圖”。故選 A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：凱特要求抱著他。A.relax放松；B.hold抱；握住；C.comfort安慰；D.secure安全的。孩子是嬰兒只能是抱住。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不接受他們將要失去他的事實(shí)，他們只是想充分利用那些最后的珍貴時(shí)刻。A.monitor監(jiān)控；B.tend趨向；C.forget忘記；D.lose失去。根據(jù)上文可知男孩將要死去，因此他們要失去他了。故選 D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們不得不接受他們將要失去他的事實(shí)，他們只是想充分利用那些最后的珍貴時(shí)刻。A.getawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；B.catchupwith趕上；C.keepaneyeon留意；D.makethemostof盡量利用。根據(jù)下文 thoselast,preciousmoments可知是充TOC\o"1-5"\h\z分利用最后的時(shí)刻。故選 D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：凱特從男孩身上取下醫(yī)院的毯子，并命令大衛(wèi)脫掉襯衫，和他們一起躺在床上。A.remove去掉；取下；B.discouraged阻止；C.protected保護(hù)；D.collected收集。根據(jù)下文 thehospitalblanketfromtheboy 可知是取下毯子。故選 A。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：凱特從男孩身上取下醫(yī)院的毯子，并命令大衛(wèi)脫掉襯衫，和他們一起躺在床上。A.shake搖晃；B.find找到；C.join加入；D.place放置。根據(jù)下文 theminbed.可知?jiǎng)P特是讓大衛(wèi)加入他們，短語(yǔ) joinsb.“加入某人；和某人一起”，故選 C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第一次做父母的希望他們的兒子盡可能的溫暖，并希望這種肌膚接觸能改善他的身體狀況。A.cheerful快樂的；B.fearless無(wú)畏的；C.safe安全的