版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
PAGE精彩英語(yǔ)故事11倘若鳥(niǎo)兒未飛還小編物語(yǔ):9月不覺(jué)來(lái)臨,又即將悄然逝去,他終于收到了另一封熟悉的來(lái)信。無(wú)疑是她的筆跡。郵戳標(biāo)明寄自另一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的城市。他撕開(kāi)信封,最初還以為里面空無(wú)一物,隨后才發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根從信封中飄落的潔白羽毛。他的腦海里幻化出那只小白鳥(niǎo),它振翅飛翔,一片羽毛從它的翅上抖落。倘若不是鳥(niǎo)兒在離去時(shí)留下這片羽毛為證,有誰(shuí)會(huì)知道小白鳥(niǎo)曾經(jīng)來(lái)過(guò)?他幡然醒悟:艾米再也不會(huì)回來(lái)了。不知過(guò)了多久,他才讓那根羽毛從手中悄然滑落。我甚至孤身一人住在離家?guī)子⒗镞h(yuǎn)的城市,強(qiáng)迫自己獨(dú)立,一切都由自己動(dòng)手。但把我放在船上等于剝奪了我所獲得的一切,而我不想讓自己感到懦弱無(wú)助。Charlessawthembothatthesametime:asmallwhitebirdandthegirlwheelingdownthewalk.Thebirdglideddownwardandrestedinthegrass;thegirldirectedthechairsmoothlyalongthesunlit,shadowywalk.Shestoppedtowatchtheducksonthepondandwhensheshovedthewheelsagain,Charlesstoodup."MayIpushyou?"hecalled,runningacrossthegrasstoher.Thewhitebirdflewtothetopofatree.查爾斯是在同一時(shí)刻看到他們倆的:一只白色的小鳥(niǎo)和坐著輪椅沿著小徑悠然而來(lái)的女孩。小鳥(niǎo)滑翔而下,棲息在草地上;女孩則平穩(wěn)地駕著輪椅,穿行在陽(yáng)光下婆娑的樹(shù)影之間。她停下來(lái)看了看池塘里的鴨子,當(dāng)她再次用手推動(dòng)輪椅時(shí),查爾斯一下子站了起來(lái)。“我來(lái)推你好嗎?”他一邊喊道,一邊穿過(guò)草地朝她奔去。那只小鳥(niǎo)嗖地飛上了樹(shù)梢。Itwasmostlyhewhotalkedandheseemedafraidtostopforfearshe'daskhimtoleaveherbyherself.Nothinginherfacehadsupportedtheideaofhelplessnessconveyedbythewheelchair,andheknewthathisassistancewasnotviewedasafavor.Heaskedthecauseofherhandicap.大部分時(shí)間都是他在喋喋不休,他似乎害怕話一停,她就會(huì)請(qǐng)他離開(kāi),好讓她獨(dú)自呆著。從她的臉上看不出有任何緣于輪椅的無(wú)助表情,因而他知道,他的幫助并沒(méi)有被看作是一種恩惠。他問(wèn)起她致殘的原因。"ItwasanautomobileaccidentwhenIwas12,"Amyexplained.“我12歲那年出了一場(chǎng)車禍,”艾米解釋說(shuō)。Theywentforlunch,andhewouldhavefeltawkwardexceptthatsheknewcompletelyhowtotakecareofherself.他們一起去吃午餐。幸好她能完全照料自己,不然他可就尷尬了。"Doyoulivewithsomeone?"heaskedthenextdaywhentheymet.“你和什么人住在一起嗎?”第二天見(jiàn)面時(shí)他問(wèn)。"Justmyself,"sheanswered.Askingthequestionmadehimfeeluneasybecauseofhisownlonelinesseventhoughhewashopingforthisanswer.“就我自己,”她答道。盡管他希望得到這樣一個(gè)答案,但是問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍然讓他有些不安,因?yàn)樗约阂策^(guò)得很孤獨(dú)。Hecametoliketofeelthewhitehandlesinhisgrasp,towalkbetweenthetwowhite-rimmedmetalwheels.Andhegrewalmostmorefamiliarwiththeslightwaveatthebackofherhairthanwithhereyesorhermouth.Once,hesaidtothewaveatthebackofherhair,"IhopeI'mtheonlychair-pusherinyourlife,"butshehadonlysmiledalittleandhereyeshadadmittednothing.他開(kāi)始喜歡把輪椅的白色手柄握在手里的感覺(jué),喜歡在那兩只鑲有白邊的金屬輪子中間推車行走。他對(duì)她披在身后的、微微起伏的長(zhǎng)發(fā)愈加熟悉,幾乎超過(guò)了對(duì)她的眼睛和嘴唇的熟悉程度。有一次,他對(duì)著她波浪一般起伏的長(zhǎng)發(fā)說(shuō):“真希望我是你生命中惟一為你推輪椅的人?!钡皇禽笭栆恍?,眼里沒(méi)有任何表示。ShecookeddinnerforhimonceinJune.Heexpectedhertobeproudofherabilitytodoeverythingfromherseatinthewheelchair—andwasfaintlydisappointedtoseethatshewouldnotfeelprideatwhatwas,forher,simplyamatterofcourse.Hewatchedhisownhandpickupthesaltshakerandplaceitononeofthehigherunusedshelves,andawaitedherpleaforassistance.Hedidn'tknowwhyhe'ddoneit,butthelookinhereyesmadehimrealizehowcruelhisprankwas.Tomakeherforgetwhathe'ddone,hetoldheraboutthelittlewhitebirdinthepark.6月里,她曾為他燒過(guò)一頓晚餐。她坐在輪椅上樣樣事情都能做,他以為她會(huì)為此而自豪的,但她僅僅把這視為一件理所當(dāng)然的事,并無(wú)自豪感可言。發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)后,他不免有些悵然若失。他望著自己的手拿起鹽瓶,把它放到一塊較高的、不常用的碗柜擱板上,然后等著她請(qǐng)求幫助。他不明白自己為什么要這樣做,但她的眼神讓他意識(shí)到,他的惡作劇有多么殘酷。為了讓她忘掉他剛才的蠢行,他跟她談起了公園里的那只小白鳥(niǎo)。"I'veseenit,too,"shesaid."Ireadapoemonceaboutalittlewhitebirdthatcametorestonawindowsillandtheladywholivedinthehousebegantoputoutfoodforit.Soontheladyfellinlove,butitwasamismatchedlove.Everydaythelittlebirdcametothewindowandtheladyputoutfood.Whentheloveaffairwasover,thelittlewhitebirdneverreturned,butthewomanwentonputtingoutthecrumbseverydayforyearsandthewindjustblewthemaway."“我也看見(jiàn)了,”她說(shuō)?!拔以?jīng)讀過(guò)一首詩(shī),詩(shī)中的小白鳥(niǎo)經(jīng)常飛來(lái)?xiàng)⒃谝粦羧思业拇芭_(tái)上,女主人開(kāi)始拿出食物喂它。很快,女主人便愛(ài)上了這只鳥(niǎo)兒,可這場(chǎng)愛(ài)戀并不般配。小鳥(niǎo)每天飛到窗前,女主人便每天捧出食物。戀情結(jié)束之后,小白鳥(niǎo)一去不返,可女主人連著幾年日復(fù)一日地把面包屑放到窗臺(tái)上,任風(fēng)把它們吹走。”InJulyhetookherboatingfrequently.Themostawkwardevent,shefelt,wasgettinginandoutoftheboat.ForCharles,however,these"freighthandlings,"asshecametocallit,seemedtobethehighlightoftheoutings.Intheboatshefelthelpless,unabletomovearound,sittinginonespot.Also,shewasunabletoswim,shouldtheboatturnover.Charlesdidn'tobserveherdiscomfort;shedidnotehowmuchheenjoyedbeingincontrol.WhenhecalledforheronedayinearlyAugust,sherefusedto.
7月里,他時(shí)常帶她去劃船。最令她感到不自在的是只能由查爾斯把她抱上抱下,她稱之為“貨物裝卸”。但對(duì)查爾斯而言,那樣的時(shí)刻仿佛就是他們戶外活動(dòng)的最精彩部分。她在船上感到很無(wú)助,只能坐在一個(gè)地方,沒(méi)法四處活動(dòng)。而且如果翻船,她可不會(huì)游泳。查爾斯對(duì)她的不安不予體察。她卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了他是多么喜歡控制別人。8月初的一天,他來(lái)喊她去劃船,她說(shuō)什么也不肯去。Theywould,instead,shesaid,goforawalkinwhichshewouldmoveherselfbythestrengthofherownarmsandhewouldwalkbesideher.她建議他們不妨出去散散步,這樣她可以憑自己的臂力推動(dòng)自己,他則可以走在她身邊。"Whydon'tyoujustrestyourarmsandletmepushyou?"“你為什么不讓自己的胳膊輕松一下,讓我來(lái)推你呢?”"No."“不用。”"Yourarmswillgetsorely.I'vebeenhelpingyoudoitforthreemonthsnow."“你的胳膊會(huì)酸的。三個(gè)月來(lái)一直是我在推你呀!”"Iwheeledmyselffor12yearsbeforeyoucamealong."“可在你出現(xiàn)之前,我推了自己12年?!?ButIdon'tlikehavingtowalkbesideyouwhileyoupushyourself!"“但我不愿你自己推自己而我卻只能袖手旁觀!”"DoyouthinkIlikedsittinghelplessinyourboateveryweekendforthepasttwomonths?"“你以為過(guò)去兩個(gè)月的每個(gè)周末,我就喜歡無(wú)可奈何地坐在你的船上嗎?”Heneverconsideredthisandwasshockedintosilence.Finallyhesaidquietly,"Ineverrealizedthat,Amy.You'reinawheelchairallthetime-Ineverthoughtyou'dmindsittingintheboat.It'sthesamething."他從未考慮過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,一時(shí)間驚訝得說(shuō)不出話。最后他平靜地說(shuō)道:“我從未意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),艾米。你一直坐在輪椅里——我沒(méi)想過(guò)讓你坐在船上你會(huì)介意。我以為這是一回事。”"Itisnotthesamething.Inthischair,Icanmovebymyself;IcangoanywhereIneedtogo.ThatboattrapsmesoIcan'tdoanything-Icouldn'tevensavemyselfifsomethinghappenedandIfellout."“這不是一回事。坐在輪椅里,我能自己行動(dòng),需要去哪兒就可以去哪兒。而那條船卻困住了我,讓我無(wú)計(jì)可施——萬(wàn)一發(fā)生什么事,我掉到了水里,我甚至連自救都不會(huì)?!?ButI'mthere.Don'tyouthinkIcouldsaveyouorhelpyoumoveorwhateveritisyouwant?"“可是有我在呀!難道你認(rèn)為我救不了你,不能幫你活動(dòng)或是干你想干的任何事嗎?”"Yes,butCharles-thepointisI'vespent12yearslearningtomanagebymyself.Ievenliveinacitythat'smilesfrommyfamilysoI'llhavetobeindependentanddothingsformyself.BeingplacedintheboattakesallthatI'vewonawayfromme.Can'tyouseewhyIobjecttoit?Idon'twanttofeelhelpless."“你能。可是,查爾斯——問(wèn)題在于我花了12年的時(shí)間才學(xué)會(huì)自理。我甚至孤身一人住在離家?guī)子⒗镞h(yuǎn)的城市,強(qiáng)迫自己獨(dú)立,一切都由自己動(dòng)手。把我放在船上等于剝奪了我所獲得的一切。難道你不明白我為什么反對(duì)你那樣做嗎?我不想讓自己感到懦弱無(wú)助?!盇stheywentdownthepathCharlesselfishlyonlythoughtofhisownneeds,finallyhelostcontrolandsaid,"Amy,Ineedtohaveyoudependentuponme."Hegrabbedthewheelchairandpushedheralong.Shehadtoletgoofthewheelsorinjureherself.Hecouldnotseetheangerinhereyes,anditwasjustaswellforitwasanangerhewouldnothaveunderstood.他們沿著小路繼續(xù)往前走著,最后他失去了控制,說(shuō):“艾米,我需要你依賴我。”查爾斯只在心里自私地想著自己的需要。他一把抓過(guò)輪椅,推著她飛跑起來(lái)。結(jié)果她只得把手從輪子上放開(kāi),以免傷著了自己。他看不到她眼眸中的憤怒,這樣也好,因?yàn)槟欠N憤怒不是他所能理解的。ShewouldnotanswerhertelephonethenextmorningbutinhismailthatafternooncameanenvelopethatheknewhadcomefromAmy.Thehandwritingwasnotbeautiful,butitwaswithoutquestionhers.Insidewasonlyacardonwhichshehadwritten:第二天早上,她不愿接他打來(lái)的電話。不過(guò)下午,在他收到的郵件中有一封信,他知道那準(zhǔn)是艾米寫(xiě)來(lái)的。字寫(xiě)得并不漂亮,但無(wú)疑是她的筆跡。里面只有一張卡片,她在上面寫(xiě)道:Ifyouwantsomethingbadlyenough,Youmustletitgofree.Ifitcomesbacktoyou,It'syours.Ifitdoesn't,Youreallyneverhaditanyway.(Anonymous)如果你渴望愛(ài)情,就必須給它自由。倘若鳥(niǎo)兒回還,它就不再飛走。若它去無(wú)影蹤,你從未真正擁有。(無(wú)名氏)Heranoutofhisapartment,refusingtobelievethatAmymightnolongerbeinherhome.Ashewasrunningtowardsherapartment,hekepthearingaroarinhisears:"Youmustletitgofree;youmustletitgofree."他沖出公寓大樓,不相信艾米會(huì)搬家。他朝她的公寓狂奔而去,一路上只有一個(gè)聲音不絕于耳:“給它自由;你必須給它自由!”Buthethought:Ican'triskit,sheismine,can'tgiveherachancenottobelongtome,can'tletherthinkshedoesn'tneedme,shemustneedme.OhGod,Ihavetohaveher.但是他想:我不能冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn),她是我的;我決不能放手,決不能讓她不屬于我,決不能讓她以為她不需要我;她一定需要我。哦,上帝,我必須得到她!Butherapartmentwasempty.Somehowinthehoursovernight,shehadpacked-byherself-andmovedbyherself.Theroomswerenowimpersonal;theircoldstillnesscouldnotrespondwhenhefelltothefloorandsobbed.然而她的公寓空空如也。她一定是在頭天夜里花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)打好行裝——自己動(dòng)手——獨(dú)自離去。此刻,房間里不再有任何生命的氣息。他倒地啜泣,回答他的只有一片陰冷的寂靜。BythemiddleofAugusthehadheardnothingfromAmy.Hewentoftentotheparkbutavoidedlookingforthewhitebird.到了8月中旬,他依然沒(méi)收到艾米的任何消息。他時(shí)常去公園,但總是小心翼翼地不去尋找那只小白鳥(niǎo)。Septembercameandhadalmostgonebeforehefinallyreceivedaletter.Thehandwritingwaswithoutquestionhers.Thepostmarkwasthatofacitymanymilesdistant.Hetoreopentheenvelopeandatfirstthoughtitwasempty.Thenhenoticedasinglewhitefeatherhadfallenfromit.Inhismind,thewhitebirdroseinflightanditswingsletflyonefeather.Wereitnotforthefeather,noonewouldhaveknownthatthewhitebirdhadeverbeen.ThusheknewAmywouldnotbeback,anditwasmanyhoursbeforeheletthefeatherdropoutofhishand.9月不覺(jué)來(lái)臨,又即將悄然逝去,他終于收到了另一封熟悉的來(lái)信。無(wú)疑是她的筆跡。郵戳標(biāo)明寄自另一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的城市。他撕開(kāi)信封,最初還以為里面空無(wú)一物,隨后才發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根從信封中飄落的潔白羽毛。他的腦海里幻化出那只小白鳥(niǎo),它振翅飛翔,一片羽毛從它的翅上抖落。倘若不是鳥(niǎo)兒在離去時(shí)留下這片羽毛為證,有誰(shuí)會(huì)知道小白鳥(niǎo)曾經(jīng)來(lái)過(guò)?他幡然醒悟:艾米再也不會(huì)回來(lái)了。不知過(guò)了多久,他才讓那根羽毛從手中悄然滑落。你知道時(shí)間的故事嗎?“你知道時(shí)間嗎?”Timeisaverycomplexthing.We’resurroundedbyit,yetalltoooftenwefeellikewedon’thaveenoughofit.時(shí)間是個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的東西,它無(wú)處不在,又常常讓我們感覺(jué)不夠用。Sometimes,wetakeitforgranted.Atothertimes,wewishwehadmore.有時(shí)候,我們沒(méi)把時(shí)間當(dāng)回事兒,但另外一些時(shí)候,我們又希望時(shí)間能再多一點(diǎn)兒。Whenwe’rebusyorhavingfun,timeseemstopassquickly.Whenwe’rebored,ormovingslowly—forexample,drivingatconstantspeedacrossamonotonouslandscape—itseemstopassatglacialspeed.繁忙或開(kāi)心的時(shí)候,時(shí)間總是過(guò)得很快。無(wú)聊或移動(dòng)緩慢的時(shí)候,比如開(kāi)車勻速駛過(guò)一片單調(diào)乏味的景致時(shí),時(shí)間似乎又像冰川挪動(dòng)速度一樣慢。TheaveragetempoofdailylifeandworkhasbeendramaticallyspedupbyadvancesinIT,communications,transportation,andproductivity.Apartfromobjectivechangesinthepaceoflife,ourperspectiveschangeaswegrowolder.IT、通訊、交通和生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展大大提高了日常生活和工作的一般節(jié)奏。除了生活節(jié)拍的客觀變化以外,我們的視角也隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而發(fā)生了改變。Youngpeopleneversay:“Wow.Thisyearwentbysoquickly.”O(jiān)lderpeoplesaythiskindofthingfrequently.年輕人從來(lái)不會(huì)說(shuō):“哇,今年過(guò)得好快!”只有上了歲數(shù)的人才常把這種話掛在嘴邊。Ourindividualperceptionsaboutthepassageoftimeareinfluencedbyavarietyofinternalandexternalfactors.Asaresult,ourfeelingsaboutthepassageoftimevaryconsiderably,despitethefactthattime’spassageonaclockisaveryconsistent,measurablephenomenon.我們對(duì)時(shí)間流逝的認(rèn)知受到很多內(nèi)部和外部因素的影響,因此,時(shí)間的推移盡管在鐘表上是一件非常統(tǒng)一而且可以衡量的事情,但它帶給我們的感受卻大相徑庭。VarioustypesofinstrumentstoaccuratelymeasurethepassageoftimewereinventedinancientChina,Greece,andothercivilizationsthousandsofyearsago.早在數(shù)千年前,古代中國(guó)、希臘和其它很多古代文明就發(fā)明了各種各樣的精確計(jì)時(shí)儀器。Thereisnoongoingscientificdebateaboutthefactthatonedayinsolartimeiscomprisedof24hours,orthatoneyearis365daysinlength.Ontheotherhand,formostofus,ourindividualperceptionsabouttimeareacuriousmixofscience-basedknowledgeandsubjectiveexperience.現(xiàn)在,對(duì)于太陽(yáng)時(shí)的一天包括24個(gè)小時(shí)、一年有365天這樣的事實(shí)已經(jīng)不再存在科學(xué)上的爭(zhēng)論。但另一方面,對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人對(duì)時(shí)間的感知卻是科學(xué)知識(shí)和主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的奇妙結(jié)合。ThelasttimeIsaidthatthepastyearhadgonebytooquickly,forexample,Ididnotconcludethatthecalendar,ortheclocks,mustbeinaccurateasaresult.例如,我上次說(shuō)去年過(guò)得真快的時(shí)候,并沒(méi)有將它歸結(jié)為日歷或鐘表的不準(zhǔn)確。Itisahugeblessingthatamongthethingsthatpeoplearoundtheworldstilldisagreeabout(whicharemany),theaccuracyofstandardclocksandcalendarsisnotoneofthem.Otherwise,we’dbeinevenbiggertroublethanwearenow.非常幸運(yùn)的是,在全世界人們?nèi)栽跔?zhēng)論不休的(很多)事情中,并不包括關(guān)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)鐘和日歷準(zhǔn)確性的討論。否則我們的麻煩會(huì)比現(xiàn)在更大。Foronething,thelistofcommonexcusesformisseddeadlineswouldbeexponentiallyexpanded.Thiswouldbeaheadacheforleadersingovernment,managersinbusiness,sportscoaches,editors,teachersandsoon.如果那樣的話,經(jīng)常用來(lái)解釋錯(cuò)過(guò)最后期限的借口將會(huì)呈幾何級(jí)增長(zhǎng),讓政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、企業(yè)經(jīng)理、運(yùn)動(dòng)教練、編輯和教師叫苦不迭。Example:例如:“Mr.Minister,thenewbridgeprojectwillbecompletedrightontimeaccordingtoourcalendar.Unfortunatelyitwillbe10monthsbehindscheduleonthatcalendaryourpeoplehavebeenusing.Thesedamnregionalcalendars!Somanychoicesavailableinthemarket….”“部長(zhǎng)先生,新橋會(huì)按我們的日歷準(zhǔn)時(shí)完工。但遺憾的是,如果按您部下使用的日歷,就是延期10個(gè)月完工。這些該死的地方日歷!市場(chǎng)上的產(chǎn)品也太多了……”Althoughhumankindhasbeenabletoaccuratelymeasurethepassageofsolartimeformanycenturies,internationalagreementonaframeworktocoordinateandstandardizetimezonesaroundtheglobeisarelativelyrecentdevelopment,datingfromthelate19thcentury.盡管人類從很多世紀(jì)前就能準(zhǔn)確地度量日歷時(shí)的推移,但全世界為協(xié)調(diào)和規(guī)范時(shí)區(qū)的框架而達(dá)成國(guó)際一致還是最近的事,大約就在19世紀(jì)晚期。TheInternationalMeridienConferenceof1884establishedGreenwichMeanTime,referringtothemeansolartimeattheRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,nearLondon.Greenwichthusbecameestablishedasthelocationoftheprimemeridianoflongitude,andthebaselineforcalculatingtimezonesaroundtheworld.1884年,國(guó)際子午線大會(huì)確立了格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間(GMT),即倫敦附近的格林威治皇家氣象臺(tái)(theRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich)的平均太陽(yáng)時(shí)間。由此格林威治不僅作為起初子午線的所在地,也成為全球計(jì)算時(shí)區(qū)的基準(zhǔn)線。ThiswasquiteavictoryforEngland,whichultimatelyderivedfromtheremarkableingenuityofa18thcenturyBritishwatchmakerwithnoformaleducation,JohnHarrison,whosolvedthecenturies-longscientificmysteryofhowtoestablishaccuratetime-keepingonseafaringvessels,thusenablingaccuratecalculationoflongitude.這是英國(guó)的巨大勝利,而它的最終締造者是一位沒(méi)有受過(guò)任何正規(guī)教育的18世紀(jì)英國(guó)鐘表匠——約翰?哈里遜。他解決了困擾人類幾個(gè)世紀(jì)之久的海上計(jì)時(shí)難題,使經(jīng)度的準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算成為了可能。Withoutareliablemeasureoflongitude,seafaringexplorers,navalandmerchantvesselcaptainshadforcenturiesneverbeensureoftheirexactlocationwhileonthehighseas.Thousandsoflivesandmanyvesselswerelostasaresult,untilHarrison’sbreakthroughinventionofthemarinechronometer.沒(méi)有可靠的經(jīng)度測(cè)量,航海探險(xiǎn)家、海軍和商船船長(zhǎng)在幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)都無(wú)法確定自己在遠(yuǎn)海的準(zhǔn)確位置,無(wú)數(shù)生命和船只因此魂斷汪洋,直到哈里遜突破性地發(fā)明了航海天文鐘。Afterthe1884Convention,Greenwichofficiallybecametheplacewhereeveryday,yearandcenturybegan.ThemaininternationalsystemofnomenclaturefortimezonesaroundtheworldwasthusreferencedtoGreenwichMeanTime(GMT).AmorerecentinventionisUniversalCoordinatedTime(UTC),whichforallpracticalpurposesreferstothesametimezonesbyadifferentname.1884年大會(huì)以后,格林威治正式成為每一天、每一年及每一世紀(jì)開(kāi)始的地方。國(guó)際上主要時(shí)區(qū)系統(tǒng)的命名也都與格林威治時(shí)間有關(guān)。最新發(fā)明的協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)(UTC)從實(shí)用出發(fā),將相同的時(shí)區(qū)進(jìn)行了重新命名。Thebasicframeworkofinternationaltimezonesisthatthereisaboutonehourdifferenceinsolartimeforevery15degreesoflongitude.InthecaseofthecontinentalU.S.,forexample,theapproximatedistancebetweentheWestandEastcoastsis2,600miles,equivalenttoroughly60degreesoflongitude.Thus,thecontinentalU.S.(notcountingAlaskaandHawaii)hasfourtimezones.國(guó)際時(shí)區(qū)的基本框架是經(jīng)度每隔15度,太陽(yáng)時(shí)就相差一小時(shí)。例如在美國(guó)大陸,東西海岸之間的距離約為2,600英里,相當(dāng)于橫跨60度經(jīng)度,因此美國(guó)大陸(不含阿拉斯加和夏威夷)共分為四個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)。ThefourcontinentalUStimezones,likemosttimezonesaroundtheworld,areknownbyonesetofnamesfordomesticpurposes,andinreferencetoGMTforinternationalpurposes.Forexample,NewYorkersknowtheirtimezoneasEasternStandardTime(EST),andonlyaregularinternationaltravelerwouldrecognizeitasGMT-5.Likewise,theU.S.WestcoasttimezoneisknowntomostAmericansasPacificStandardTime(PST)zoneratherthanGMT-8.和世界許多時(shí)區(qū)一樣,美國(guó)的四個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)在國(guó)內(nèi)使用一套名稱,但在國(guó)際上則參照格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間。例如,紐約人都知道他們地處東部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)區(qū)(EST),但只有經(jīng)??鐕?guó)旅行的人才知道紐約位于格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間西五區(qū)。同樣,大多數(shù)美國(guó)人都知道美國(guó)西海岸位于太平洋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)區(qū)(PST),卻不知道它也叫做格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間西八區(qū)。Fornationalandregionalgovernments,solartimeisjustoneconsideration,andnotalwaysthemostimportantone.Asaresult,areviewofglobaltimezonesrevealsexampleswheregovernmentshavechosevariationsonsolartimetodefinetheirdomestictimezones.對(duì)國(guó)家和地區(qū)政府而言,太陽(yáng)時(shí)只是備選方案之一,但并不見(jiàn)得總是最重要的。結(jié)果,檢視一下全球的時(shí)區(qū),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),很多政府選擇用不同的太陽(yáng)時(shí)來(lái)規(guī)定國(guó)內(nèi)時(shí)區(qū)。ChinaandIndiaarecasesinpoint,wherethereisonetimezonefromEasttoWest.InChina,thedecisionin1949toestablishasinglenationaltimezoneonBeijingtimereplacedtheprevioussystemoffivetimezoneswhichhadbeenestablishedin1912.
中國(guó)和印度就是如此,兩國(guó)從東到西都只有一個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)。1949年,中國(guó)設(shè)定北京時(shí)間為全國(guó)統(tǒng)一時(shí)區(qū),取代了1912年劃定的5個(gè)不同時(shí)區(qū)。GreaterChinafallswithintheGMT+8timezone,whichisthemostpopulousandgeographicallyexpansivetimezoneontheplanet,comprisingstates,regionsandcountriesfromWesternAustraliaintheSouthernHemispheretoNorthKorea,MongoliaandpartsofRussiaintheNorthernHemisphere,includinglargepartsofSoutheastAsiaaswell.大中華區(qū)位于格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間東8時(shí)區(qū)內(nèi),東8時(shí)區(qū)是這個(gè)星球上人口最稠密、地域最廣袤的時(shí)區(qū),包括南半球的西澳大利亞及北半球的朝鮮、蒙古和俄羅斯部分地區(qū)在內(nèi),還有東南亞大部。IhavebeenaresidentoftheGMT+8timezonefornearly40years.Apartfrombeingahugeandpopuloustimezone,ithasbeentheearth’sfastestdevelopingregionfor30years,andisverymuchthefocusofglobalinterestandattention.我在東8時(shí)區(qū)居住了將近四十年。除了幅員遼闊、人口眾多之外,東8時(shí)區(qū)還是過(guò)去30年間增長(zhǎng)最快的地區(qū),也是全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。AhottopicinChinathesefewyearshasbeengoingglobal,andwhatindividualsandorganizationsneedtodotobesuccessfulatit.Theanswerhasmanyfacetstoit,butundoubtedlybeginswithrevisitinghowwethinkaboutthings.We’llgetnowherebyalwaysthinkingfroma“l(fā)ocal”perspective.近年來(lái),“走出去”以及個(gè)人和組織為成功實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)應(yīng)采取哪些行動(dòng)——在中國(guó)成為熱議的話題。答案涉及很多層面,但無(wú)疑都會(huì)從反思自己的思維模式開(kāi)始。如果總是從“本地”視角出發(fā),肯定哪兒也去不了。Anunfortunateparadoxofglobalizationisthatmutualunderstandinghasnotkeptpacewithglobalshrinkage.Internationalcommunicationsandtransportationnetworksarelightyearsaheadofwhattheywere30yearsago,andyetwestillroutinely,andsometimesprofoundly,misunderstandeachother.不幸的是,全球化的矛盾之一就是世界雖然正在縮小,但相互之間的理解卻沒(méi)有相應(yīng)地跟上。當(dāng)今國(guó)際通訊及交通的發(fā)展已經(jīng)拋開(kāi)30年前若干光年
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024年04月中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行廣東省分行紀(jì)委辦調(diào)查專業(yè)人才社會(huì)招考筆試歷年參考題庫(kù)附帶答案詳解
- 2025年度常州消防設(shè)施檢測(cè)與鑒定合同4篇
- 2024版水泥混凝土運(yùn)輸合同書(shū)
- 2025年度城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施配套拆遷施工合同4篇
- 專業(yè)菊花供應(yīng)商2024年銷售協(xié)議版B版
- 《流行病癥:新型冠狀病毒肺炎》課件
- 二零二五年度玻璃原材料期貨交易合同6篇
- 2024年03月廣東中信銀行深圳分行社會(huì)招考筆試歷年參考題庫(kù)附帶答案詳解
- 二零二五版存量房市場(chǎng)政策研究合同3篇
- 2024簡(jiǎn)易散伙協(xié)議規(guī)范格式
- 食堂經(jīng)營(yíng)方案(技術(shù)標(biāo))
- 代收實(shí)收資本三方協(xié)議范本
- 人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)全冊(cè)課件【完整版】
- 乒乓球比賽表格
- 商務(wù)接待表格
- 腸梗阻導(dǎo)管治療
- word小報(bào)模板:優(yōu)美企業(yè)報(bào)刊報(bào)紙排版設(shè)計(jì)
- 移動(dòng)商務(wù)內(nèi)容運(yùn)營(yíng)(吳洪貴)任務(wù)五 其他內(nèi)容類型的生產(chǎn)
- 漢語(yǔ)教學(xué) 《成功之路+進(jìn)步篇+2》第17課課件
- 三十頌之格助詞【精品課件】-A3演示文稿設(shè)計(jì)與制作【微能力認(rèn)證優(yōu)秀作業(yè)】
- 浙江省紹興市2023年中考科學(xué)試題(word版-含答案)
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論