云南大學(xué)微生物重點(diǎn)英文

Questions

MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:EhrilichMetchnikoffLeewenhoekListerMatchthefollowingdescriptionsofcellswith

A.EukaryoticcellsonlyB.ProkaryoticcellsonlyC.Both1.ContainbothRNAandDNA2.Containorganelles3.Aregenerallythesmallerofthetwocategoriesofcells4.Arehighlyregulated5.Areconsidered"primitive"cells6.MajorityofDNAcontainedwithinamembranewithinthecell7.Containmitochondria8.Formedbythemergingofothercells9.Containphotosyntheticforms10.FlagellacomposedofseveralfilamentsAnswers1.C2.A3.B4.C5.B6.A7.A8.A9.C10.AChromosomesare:A.MultipleunitsofgenesinlinearchainsB.AnewlydiscoveredverylargeeukaryoteC.AtypeofvirusthatattacksonlyprokaryoticcellsD.AtypeoforganellethatsecretesmaterialE.Anothernameforacommonyeast

AnswerAProkaryoticcellsgenerallyrangeissize

A.From2to100micrometersB.From100to1000micrometersC.From0.5to2micrometersD.From2to35micrometersE.Greaterthan600micrometersAnswerCQuestionProkaryoticcellsnevercommunicatebetweeneachother,butlivetheirlivesasindependentcellsTrueorFalse?AnswerFWhichofthefollowingdescriptionsfittheARCHAEBACTERIAA.Theyarealmostallpathogenic.B.Theyarefoundinwatersaturatedwithtablesalt.C.Theymetabolize(eat)thingslikemethaneandhydrogengasD.TheyarerareinnatureE.Theyareoftenfoundinenvironmentswherethetemperatureisgreaterthan100oC.AnswerB,C,EIdentifythestructuresA-Finthisfigure

AnswersQuestionsTheGramnegativeandGrampositivecellwallsdifferbyanumberofcharacteristics.Identifywhichcharacteristicisassociatedwithwhichtypeofcellwall.A.Gramnegative.

B.Grampositive.

Questions1.Hasanoutermembrane._______.2.Hasaverythinshape-forminglayer._______3.ContainsLPSorlipopolysaccharide._______4.Stainsreduponcarryingoutthegram-stainprocedure._

Answers1.A2.A3.A4.AThebacterialcapsuleis:A.Aformofstoragegranulewithinthecell.

B.Isalongthinproteinrodthatisusedforattachment.

C.Acoatingontheexteriorofmanycells.

D.Isalongthinproteinrodthatisusedforbacterialexchangeofgeneticmaterial.

E.Alwayspresentonacellthathastheabilitytoformacapsule.

AnswerCApiliisA.formofstoragegranulewithinthecell.

B.Isalongthinproteinrodthatisusedforadhesion.

C.Generallycomposedofsugars.

D.Isalongthinproteinrodthatisusedforbacterialexchangeofgeneticmaterial.

E.Alwayspresentonacellthathastheabilitytoformacapsule.

AnswerBCRITICALTHINKINGQUESTION:BacteriacanbesaidtohaveaNOSEbecause:A.TheyhaveaspecialSTRUCTUREononeendorsideofthecellthatcontainsaprimitive"brain"toprocessodors.

B.Theirflagellahavespecialdetectorsinthemthathelpabacteriummovetowardsdesirablechemicalsandawayfromundesirableones.

C.Thepiliactaschemicaldetectorsystems.

D.Thepresenceofacapsuleblocksabacteria'sabilitytodetectchemicals.

E.Theyareabletodetectchemicalsandtomovetowardsdesirableonesandawayfromharmfulones.AnswerEQuestionBacterialsporesareabletosurviveformanyyearswithoutanymeasurablemetabolicactivity.

A.True

B.FalseAnswerA(T)QuestionWhichofthefollowingmaterialsisNOTabacterialstoragegranuleA.Sulfur

B.Glycogen

C.Phosphorous

D.Ribosomes

E.PHBAnswerDQuestionWatercanpassfreelythroughthecytoplasmicmembrane.A.True

B.FalseSomebacteriacontainstinymagnetsthatallowthemtofollowthemagneticlinesofforce.

A.True

B.FalseAnswerA(T)QuestionTheproteinsinthecytoplasmicmembranedowhichofthefollowing:IfonlyoneofA-Ciscorrectchoseit,otherwisechoseeitherDorEA.Makealltheproteinsinthecell.

B.Actasthesensorsofthecells.

C.Regulatetheflowofmaterialintoandoutofacell.

D.BothB&C

E.BothA&CAnswerDIdentifyallthecomponentsofageneralizedcell

AnswersIdentifythecomponentsA-CandthetwotypesofbacterialcellsD&Erepresentedbythiscartoon

AnswersFillintheBlankMicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:arecalled_______.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.Themostcommonformofreproductioninyeastsoccursby______.AnswersAutotrophsPhotoautotrophsHeterotrophsNucleicacidSpontaneousgenerationDefinedBuddingMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycanA.ChitinB.PhospholipidsC.ProteinD.GlucosamineMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Thegramstainemploys~asamordanttofixtheprimarystain:IodineAlcoholAcetoneSafraninMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembranePhosphatesFattyacidsProteinsSterolsMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:bilayermodelfluidmosaicmodeltrilayermodelpermeablemodelMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Movementofmoleculesatanenhancedrateacrossthemembraneiscalled:facilitateddiffusionpassivediffusionosmosispermeationMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Whichofthefollowingmechanismstransportsmoleculeswithoutchemicalalteration?activetransportgrouptranslocationfacilitateddiffusionbindingproteintransportMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Lysozymeandpenicillinhaveactivityagainstthecellwall.Lysozymebreaksthiscomponent;penicillinpreventsitsformation.LipopolysaccharidePhospholipidsPeptidoglycanteichoicacidMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Partialdestructionofthecellwallwithlysozymeleavesacellcalleda:ProtoplastSpheroplastPeriplastCapsuleMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Endosporesaremultilayeredstructuresthatprovideprotectionfromenvironmentalstressandarecomposedof:peptidoglycanandlipopolysaccharidepeptidoglycanandcalciumdipicolonatepeptidoglycanandcalciumbicarbonatelipopolysaccharideandsuccinicacidMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Gram-positivebacteriacanbedifferentiatedfromGram-negativebacteriasincethepeptidoglycanlayerofthelatercomprises____%ofthecellwall.90503010MultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Theseparationbetweenfilamentousfungalcellsisreferredtoas:cellwallsseptachitinsidewallsFillintheBlankMicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:arecalled_______.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.Themostcommonformofreproductioninyeastsoccursby______.AnswersAutotrophsPhotoautotrophsHeterotrophsNucleicacidSpontaneousgenerationDefinedBuddingMultipleChoice(chooseoneanswer)Bacteriophagethatincorporatesitsgenomeintothehostchromosomeiscalled:AbortiveLysogenicLyticrestrictive某種細(xì)菌在一定體積的培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)，早上8：00以少量接種物接種，12：00時開始進(jìn)入對數(shù)生長期，此時培養(yǎng)物的細(xì)胞濃度是103/ml，14：00時達(dá)到穩(wěn)定期，此時的細(xì)胞濃度是108個/ml，求：該菌的繁殖代數(shù)（其中l(wèi)g2=0.301）該菌的生長速率常數(shù)R該菌的代時GDuringwhichphaseofbacterialgrowthisthereanincreaseincellsizebutnotincellnumber?lag

log

stationary

exponentialInbacterialcultures,growthcanbedemonstratedbyanincreasein:mass

cellsize

cellnumber

celllengthThegenerationtimeforbacteriaisdeterminedby:

measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromthetimetheculturewasinitiateduntilthebeginningofstationaryphase

measuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlagphasetodeathphasemeasuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetotheendofstationaryphasemeasuringthetimeittakestodoublethenumberofbacteriafromlogphasetothebeginningofstationaryphaseMostpathogenicbacteriaareconsidered:psychrophiles

mesophiles

thermophiles

merophilesCatalase,whichisproducedbyStaphylococci,catalyzeswhichofthefollowingreactions?202+2H+→2H202+02

2H202→2H20+02

H202+NADH+H+→2H20+NAD

H202+e-+H+→H20+OH-Halophilesareclassifiedasorganismsthatrequire____forgrowth.sugar

salt

water

airThemosteffectivewayofsterilizingasolutionisby:incineration

pasteurization

filtration

moistheatAnautoclaveisanapparatusthatisusedtosterilizevariousmaterials.Theappropriateconditionsforsterilizingcontaminatedmaterialisgivenbywhichofthefollowing:15minat121℃atlpsi

5minat121℃at15psi

15minat121℃at15psi

5minat131℃at15psiThetermusedtodescribesubstancesproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillorinhibitothermicroorganismsarecalled:antimicrobics

antibiotics

chemotherapeuticagents

antisepticsPenicillinsareeffectiveagainst:

cellsinlogphase

cellsinstationaryphase

cellsineclipsephase

allbacterialcellsExtrachromosomalelementsthatcanbeexchangedbetweenbacteriaarecalledtransposons

plasmids

alleles

probesExtrachromosomalelementsareknowntocontaingeneticinformationforallthefollowingexceptnitrogenfixation

toxinproduction

antibioticresistance

cellwallrepairThetechniqueofreplicaplatingisoftenusedtodetectnutritionalmutations.Microorganismsthatgrowoncompletemediabutfailtogrowonminimalmediaarecalled:autotrophs

auxotrophs

symbionts

heterotrophsTheAmestestisusedtoscreenchemicalsformutagenicandcarcinogenicpotential.Whichbacterialstrainisutilizedinthisprocedure?Escherichiacoli

Shigelladysenteriae

Salmonellatyphimurium

StreptococcuspyogenesVirusesthatarecapableofinsertingtheirgenomeintothehostchromosomearecalledlyticviruses

temperateviruses

permissiveviruses

competentvirusesIsolationofrecombinantDNArequirestheuseofspecificenzymesthatcuttheDNAatspecificsequences.Theseenzymesarecalledligases

recombinationenzymes

restrictionenzymes

excisionenzymesAgroupofmicroorganismscoexistingtogetherinagivenlocationisreferredtoasa