初三英語閱讀理解做題技巧

初三閱讀理解解題技巧關(guān)公小學(xué)：杜培婧2021/3/91

閱讀材料

題材：故事，寓言，

人物，科普，政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理等體裁：記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文，新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、書信，圖畫，表格等2021/3/92?？疾閷W(xué)生以下能力1.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。2.把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。3.根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的含義的能力。4.對(duì)閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對(duì)文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。5.依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。6.推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。2021/3/93解題步驟一、快速閱讀，讀懂大意二、明確要求，逐一解答三、重讀問題，理解問題四、帶著問題，重讀文章五、復(fù)讀全文，最后把關(guān)2021/3/94題型大聚會(huì)1.推理題2.詞匯題3.主旨題4.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題5.指代題2021/3/95解題技巧碰碰碰2021/3/96（一）推理題及解題技巧推理題：

數(shù)字推理

知識(shí)推斷

邏輯推理

細(xì)節(jié)推斷

考查理清上下邏輯關(guān)系的能力（最難）。2021/3/97考查學(xué)生判斷、推理和引申理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度常用邏輯詞:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。推論推斷暗示暗示2021/3/98技巧1.吃：吃透意思2.捕：捕捉線索3.挖：挖掘加工4.握：把握關(guān)系5.摸：揣摸作者2021/3/991.數(shù)字推斷題MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven."Throughthehole（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,"saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）.

1.

MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire________.

A.attheageofseven B.sevenyearsold

C.intheyearof1898D.morethan（超過）80yearsago

A2021/3/910PartyinTaiwan..Onhisnine-daytripfromMay5-13,hevisitedXi’an,Nanjing,ShanghaiandChangsha,aswellasBeijing.Soong,63,wasborninXiangtan,HunanProvincein1942.HewenttoTaiwanwithhisfatherattheageofseven.67.SoongwenttoTaiwanwithhisfatherin________.A.1942B.1945C.1949D.19481.數(shù)字推斷題2021/3/911例題：TheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentcountryin1783,andNewYorkWasitscapitalforashorttime….

TheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentcountryin_______.A.the17thcenturyB.the16thcenturyC.the18thcenturyD.the19thcentury注意年與世紀(jì)的關(guān)系，

例如：1867年是19世紀(jì)，1990年是20世紀(jì),2008年是21世紀(jì)。2021/3/9122.知識(shí)推斷題

知識(shí)推斷：

根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。2021/3/913

實(shí)例

Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（藍(lán)寶石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.

“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.

Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.

A.anIndianhotel

B.anIndianmuseum

C.aJapanesehotel

D.aJapanesemuseumC2021/3/914

3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題

邏輯結(jié)論：

指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。

2021/3/915實(shí)例

Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless2021/3/9164.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

為了闡明主題，作者將陳述一些事實(shí)來支持主題，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。

所依據(jù)的細(xì)節(jié)2021/3/917實(shí)例

Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.

Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?

A.Theclasswasover.

B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.

C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B很可能的2021/3/918細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)定題。此類題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)相關(guān)信息的識(shí)別能力，旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文的關(guān)鍵詞句、某個(gè)具體事實(shí)、具體情節(jié)或特定的細(xì)節(jié)是否注意和理解。2021/3/919【考題再現(xiàn)】

Vision-phonescanbeofgreatusewhenyouhavesomethingstoshowthepersonwhomyouarecalling.Itmayalsohaveotherusesinthefuture.Somedayyoumaybeabletocallupalibraryandasktoreadabookrightoveryourvision-phone.Youmaybeabletodosomeshoppingthroughit,too.59.Inthefuture,youcanuseavision-phoneto________.A.readabookB.askanassistanttoreadabookforyouC.askanassistanttobringyouabookD.askanassistanttodosomeshoppingforyou2021/3/920【剖析】根據(jù)Somedayyoumaybeabletocallupalibraryandasktoreadabookrightoveryourvision-phone.結(jié)合someday與題干中的Inthefuture相等。所以答案為A2021/3/921Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.Itiscoldanddark.Thedeeperitis,thelesslightthereis.Atthedepthofabout3,000feet,thereisnotlightatall.Besidesthecoldanddarkness,seaanimalsfaceathirddanger—otheranimals.Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someeatmeat.【考題再現(xiàn)】2021/3/922

63.Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepseaaccordingtothepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.Whenoneanimalfindssomethingtoeat,itmaybeeatenbyothers.B.Manyseaanimalseatplants.C.Thedeepertheseais,thedarkeritis.D.Atthedepthof3,000feet,allanimalscanfindtheirways.2021/3/92363.選C根據(jù)文中第五段Besidesthecoldanddarkness,seaanimalsfaceathirddanger-otheranimals這組句子。64.選D根據(jù)文中第四段第二行”Atthedepthofabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.可推斷；沒有光線，就很難找到路，D項(xiàng)不符2021/3/924

常見的推理判斷題題干

①Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept______?根據(jù)下面的陳述，表述正確的正確的提到的列出的包括的2021/3/925（二）詞匯題及解題技巧測(cè)試學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確推測(cè)判斷詞義的能力。標(biāo)志是

Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…下劃線的劃線的指的是2021/3/926技巧返回原文，找到該句子結(jié)合上下文，理解該詞意思重點(diǎn)抓字面含義，不要進(jìn)行歸納，演繹，推理選項(xiàng)中的正確答案意思與原句完全相同，只是用其他詞匯表達(dá)超綱詞匯不是正確答案正確答案常蘊(yùn)藏在原文該詞出現(xiàn)前后2021/3/9271.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.猜詞題實(shí)例因?yàn)橐虼私Y(jié)果因此錯(cuò)誤2021/3/928

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

1)同義詞and或or連接的詞組e.g.happyandgayhappyorsad

解釋過程中使用的同義詞e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars,andJupiter...行星金星火星木星2021/3/9292)反義詞表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等

與not搭配的或表示否定意義

的詞語Heissohomely，notashandsomeashisbrother.2021/3/9303.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞1).前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy，

fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、

development，state、statement，

argue、argument等。3).后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，

如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，

law、lawyer，wait、waiter，

science、scientist，art、artist等。。2021/3/9314.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong，

longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，

ordrought.2021/3/932

5.通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義

Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.2021/3/9336.通過描述猜詞ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.2021/3/934WhenJackfirstheardaboutthesechildren,hewantedtohelpthem.OnceJackwenttomeetalittlegirlinAfrica.“WhenImether,Ifeltveryveryhappy.”Hesaid“AndIsawthatthemoneywasusedforagoodcause.IwanttodoeverythingIwanttogoonhelpingthosechildren.”65.Theunderlinedwords“foragoodcause”means“_______”inChinese.A.施舍B.行善C.優(yōu)惠D.賞賜【剖析】單從cause一詞很難判斷，cause有“原因，理由，事業(yè)”，也有“使引起、使招致的意思。因?yàn)檎恼抡f的是Jack給兒童的捐款行為。劃線短語的句子的意思是：他看到這些錢用于”行善“，這給他帶來很多快樂?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】2021/3/935（三）主旨題及解題技巧主旨要義整體理解概括能力標(biāo)志詞有：“mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle”等。標(biāo)題主要的討論2021/3/936技巧注意首段和各段第一句話,將其含義連接成一個(gè)整體小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看開頭就選擇答案2021/3/937

常見提問：

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatistheauthor’smainpoint?

3.Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?

4.Themainpurposeofthepassage?

5.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbe____.2021/3/9386.Thebesttitleofthispassagecould(would)be__.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?8.Thetopicsentenceofthepassageis_________.9.Thewriterinthetextmainlytellsus__________.10.Thepassageismainlyaimedto___________.2021/3/93911.Paragraph1mainlytellsus______________.12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?13.Whichofthefollowingsentencecanbestdescribethemainideaofthepassage?描述短文大意2021/3/940實(shí)例

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletoexplainaweathermapexactly.Weatherconditionisahugeamountofinformationaboutconditionatatimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyshowinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherOfficegivesoutinformationaboutcomingstorms,floods,freeze,dryness,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitgivesouta30-day“out-look”whichisabasicguidetoweatherconditionslikelytohappenallovertheUnitedStates.2021/3/941Question：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Weathermapsareveryimportanttostudentsofgeography.B.Weathermapscanhavea30-day“outlook”.C.Studentsofgeographyshouldbeabletomakeweathermapsexactly.D.Thosewhomajoringeographyshouldhavetheabilitytohaveagoodunderstandingofaweathermap.2021/3/942

關(guān)鍵-主題句

主題句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）總領(lǐng)性強(qiáng)，概括性強(qiáng)（2）結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，不用難句（3）其他句子解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句，起服從、論證、補(bǔ)充的作用2021/3/943實(shí)例JoshuaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityof

Parisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.從以上這個(gè)段落，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個(gè)句子可以單獨(dú)陳述該段落的主題，那么，作者寫這個(gè)段落的目的是什么呢？通過仔細(xì)閱讀和理解每個(gè)句子的意思之后，我們便可領(lǐng)悟，作者想告訴讀者的是：JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以說這種文章（或段落）只能從文章的字里行間去理解作者的意圖，這樣才能推斷出文章的主旨大意。2021/3/944（四）態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題及解題技巧理解作者的意圖,觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的能力。標(biāo)志詞:attitude,purpose等。態(tài)度目的2021/3/945技巧態(tài)度詞:Opposition反對(duì)，suspicion懷疑的，Approval支持，Optimistic樂觀的，subjective主觀的，objective客觀的，pessimistic悲觀的，biased有偏見的，impartial公正的，sensitive敏感的，indifference冷漠(一般不選)。不要攙雜自己的觀點(diǎn)尋找文中具有感情色彩的詞抓論述的主線及舉例的方式2021/3/94649.Whatdoyouthinkofthetaxidriver?_______A.Hewasnotanhonestperson.B.Helikedtoworkveryhard.C.HewasgoodatdrivingD.Hewasakindandcleverman選A.出租車司機(jī)在火車站在載了一名客人去一個(gè)很近的酒店，但他卻繞路多賺車費(fèi)?？腿朔浅鈶嵉卣f：“What?Fifteendollars?DoyouthinkI’mafool?Onlylastweek,ItookataxifromtherailstationtothesamehotelandIonlygivethedriverthirteendollars.”從Whenthetaxidriverheardthat,hedidn’tfeelhappyanymore及Butsuddenly,hehadanidea.Hetookthepassengerthroughmanystreetsofthecity可知司機(jī)不誠實(shí)。誠實(shí)的人還用繞道嗎？2021/3/947（五）指代題及解題技巧整體理解文章的能力，并推斷出該處指代詞所代表的含義。2021/3/948技巧返回原文，找出題的指代詞找最近的名詞,名詞性詞組或句子將找到的替換該指代詞,看意思是否通順找出最佳答案2021/3/949Ifyouarevisitinganothercountryyoumayfeelthatyoudon’thaveanyprivatespace.Hotelroomslookmuchthesameineverycountryintheworld.Alldaylong,yousharepublicspaceswithotherpople.Youseethelocalpeopleintheirprivatespacesandyoufeellonelyand“outside”.Localpeoplecancreatetheirprivatespacesbytalkingaboutthingsyoudon’tknowabout.Andyouevenfeelthattheylikeyoutobeoutsidethemsothattheywillenjoybeinginsideevenmore!Thisisoneofthedifficultiesofbeingatraveler!Butifyouunderstanditthenithelpsyou.Haven’tyouenjoyedbeingpartofagroupand“owning”abitofspace?3.InParagraph4,thepronoun“them’refersto（所指）“___________”.A.publicspaces B.privatespaces C.localpeople2021/3/950典型例題分析

根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng)。

MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven."Throughthehole（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,"saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）.

Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmful（有害）anddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?

Scientistshavetriedtoset（放置）firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup（加速）thefires.Inthisway,theburning（燃燒）ofundergroun