中國(guó)新一代人工智能科技產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展報(bào)告

告究ProfessorGangLiu,borninFebuary1965,chiefeconomistofChineseInstituteofNewGenerationerWriters 摘要P1AbstractinChinese AbstractP6Abstract PIntroductionandResearchMethods P17Five-yearReviewofArti?cialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryDevelopment P23Arti?cialIntelligenceEnterprisesP25(一)創(chuàng)建時(shí)間EstablishmentTimeP26(二)地域分布GeographicalDistributionP28(三)員工規(guī)模EmployeeSizeP28(四)營(yíng)業(yè)總收入和市值arketValueP30(五)投融資情況InvestmentandFinancingP33(六)技術(shù)層次分布TechnologicalLayerDistributionP33(七)核心技術(shù)分布o(jì)logyDistributionP35(八)研發(fā)活動(dòng)ResearchandDevelopmentActivitiesP41P43P46P51P53P55P65P79P81P84P86P87tionEcosystemofChinasArticialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryworkStatisticalAnalysisofTechnicalPartnerships人力資本oreHumanCapitalInvestmentandFinancingRelationshipsTechnologySystemEvolutionlicationAreasIntegrationofArti?cialIntelligenceandEconomy (一)核心產(chǎn)業(yè)部門和融合產(chǎn)業(yè)部門CoreIndustrialSectorandIntegrationrialSector (二)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的智能化TechnicalCooperationofArti?cialIntelligenceintheSecondIndustry (三)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的智能化TechnicalCooperationintheTertiaryIndustryImpactofSocialValuesontheDevelop-mentofArti?cialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryinChina告A 摘要BSTRACT展科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅創(chuàng)造新的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和激活歷次工業(yè)革命積累的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展?jié)摿?，而且為追求共同富裕和發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)研發(fā)而開展的創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)，目的是培育未來產(chǎn)業(yè)和構(gòu)建保障產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力持續(xù)提升的自主可控技術(shù)人工智能領(lǐng)域的深科技創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的主體不僅包括政府主導(dǎo)的研究型大學(xué)和科研院所，而且包括新型平。人02的分布看，包括15家國(guó)家級(jí)人工智能開發(fā)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)在內(nèi)的新型平臺(tái)屬于度數(shù)中心動(dòng)人工智能和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的融合發(fā)展。技創(chuàng)新為導(dǎo)向的新型平臺(tái)在人工智能和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融合發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。度數(shù)中心度排名前列03告北京航空航天大學(xué)和中國(guó)科學(xué)院在內(nèi)的高校和科研院所，是中國(guó)2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)研究和核心人力資M應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景。04告他電子中的技術(shù)合作關(guān)系占比增長(zhǎng)明顯。Arti?cialintelligencebelongstoGeneralPurposeTechnologyandInclusiveTechnology.Developingproductivelthetechnologysystemthatensuresthecontinuousimprovementofinternationalcompetitivenessofindustries.DepthoftheChina,inthefaceoftheUStechnologyblockageandtheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemic,hasmadesigni?cant0506progressinarti?cialintelligencetechnologyandindustry,whichisdrivenbyDepthTechnologyinnovation.Thedevel-opmentofthearti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryisnotonlymanifestedbytheexpansionofthescaleofcoreindustrialsectorsbutalsobytheacceleratedintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandtheeconomyandsociety.ThekeydrivingforcesandmechanismsforthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryincludethetop-leveldesignandstrategicguidanceofthecountry,theactiveresponseoflocalgovernments,theecologicaldevel-opmentofindustrialinnovationledbynewplatforms,thecollaborativeinnovationofgovernment,industry,university,researchanduser,andtheintelligenttransformationofindustry.ThefoundationofAIDepthTechnologyinnovationandentrepreneurshipisbasicresearchandhigh-endtalenttraining.The“New-generationArti?cialIntelligenceDevelopmentPlan”clearlystatesthatitisnecessarytoimprovethedisciplinelayoutinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligence,setuparti?cialintelligencemajors,andpromotetheconstructionof?rst-leveldisciplinesinthis?eld.OnJanuary13,2021,theAcademicDegreesCommitteeoftheStateCouncilapprovedtheestablishmentoftheinterdisciplinarycategory(disciplinescode:“14”),whichconsistsofthe?rst-leveldisciplinesof“IntegratedCircuitScienceandEngineering”(disciplinecode:“1401”)and“NationalSecurity”(disciplinecode:“1402”).EighteenuniversitiesinChina,includingTsinghuaUniversityandPekingUniversity,havebecomethe?rstbatchof?rst-leveldoctoraldegreeprogramsinintegratedcircuitscienceandengineering.ByMarch2022,atotalof440collegesanduniversitiesacrossthecountryhavesetuparti?cialintelligenceundergraduatemajors;248collegesanduniversitieshavesetupintelligentscienceandtechnologyundergraduatemajors;and387generalcollegesanduniver-sitieshavesetup“arti?cialintelligencetechnologyservice”majorsinhighervocationaleducation(juniorcollege).BasedonwhethertheymainlyprovideR&Dandservicesforthedevelopmentofthearti?cialintelligencetechnolo-gyindustry,thisreportshowsthatatotalof347newarti?cialintelligenceinnovationorganizationsarefound,includingZhejiangLab,PengchengLaboratory,andShanghaiArti?cialIntelligenceLaboratory(PujiangLaboratory).Thenewinnovativeorganizationsnotonlyhavethefunctionsofbasicresearchandapplicationdevelopmentbutalsohavethefunctionsofmarketing,achievementtransformation,businessincubation,andtalentcultivation.Throughthecultiva-tionofinnovationecology,thenewinnovativeorganizationssmooththeinnovationcyclebetweenbasicresearch,applicationdevelopment,andlarge-scaleproduction,andacceleratethecommercializationofarti?cialintelligencebasicresearchresults.07告Newplatforms,including15national-levelarti?cialintelligenceopeninnovationplatforms,playakeyroleintheDepthTechnologyinnovationprocess.Ontheonehand,thenewplatformcarriesoutcutting-edgetechnologyresearchthroughself-reliantinnovation;ontheotherhand,itextensivelyempowersindustrialdevelopmentthroughtheconstructionofindustrialentrepreneurshipecology.Atthesametime,thebreakthroughsmadebystart-upsinkeyandcoreAItechnologies?eldsalsoconstituteanimportantdrivingforceforDepthTechnologyinnovation.Di?erentfrombusinessmodelentrepreneurship,DepthTechnologyentrepreneurshipinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligencehasthefollowingcharacteristics:?rst,extensiveparticipationofscientists;second,thecontinuoushighinvestmentofventurecapital;third,theconvergenceofinterdisciplinary,cross-organizational,cross-industrial,andcross-regionalscienti?candtechnologicaltalents;fourth,ahighdegreeoffocusonthekeyandcoretechnologiesinthedevelopmentofarti?-cialintelligencetechnologyindustry;?fth,activelycultivatetheinnovationecology.Basedontherelationshipdataof2,200keyAIenterprisesinthreedimensionsoftechnology,humancapital,andinvestmentand?nancing,thisreportconstructedadynamicvaluenetworkmapofthedevelopmentofChina’sAItechnologyindustry.In2021,thetotalnumberofnodesofthevaluenetworkreached58,800,andthenumberofrelationshipsreached119,044.From2014to2021,thetotalnumberofnodesofthevaluenetworkincreasedby1.77times,andthenumberofrelationshipsincreasedby27.62times.Thechangesintheaverageclusteringcoe?cientandaveragepathlengthindexofvaluenetworkfrom2014to2021indicatethatChina’sAItechnologyindustryhasshownasigni?cantincreasingreturne?ectsince2017.Fromthedistributionofdegreecentralityofvaluenetworknodes,thenewplatforms,including15nationalarti?-cialintelligencedevelopmentandinnovationplatforms,belongtothenodetypeswiththehighestdegreecentrality,andaretheleaderinthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry.Toadapttotheexpansionofapplicationscenarios,newplatformscontinuetopromotetheintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandtherealecono-mybyconstantlygeneratingverticalbusinesssub-platforms.Inthevaluenetworktechnicalpartnershipfrom2014to2021,therelationshipnumberoftechnologyempower-mentgrewrapidly,andthegapbetweentherelationshipnumberoftechnologyinputandtechnologyempowermentwaswidened.Therelatively?atgrowthrateoftherelationshipnumberofforeigntechnologyinputandforeignempow-ermentcomparedtotherelationshipnumberofdomestictechnologyinputanddomesticempowermentindicatesthat08since2017,China’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryhasgraduallyreduceditsdependenceonforeignkeyandcoretechnologies.Fromtheperspectiveofthetop-rankedcompaniesinthedegreecentralityoftechnicalpartnership,since2017,newplatformsorientedbyDepthTechnologyinnovation,includingHuawei,AlibabaCloud,Baidu,andTencent,haveplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleintheintegrationanddevelopmentofarti?cialintelligenceandtherealeconomy.Thenationalarti?cialintelligenceopeninnovationplatforms,infrastructureserviceproviders,andkeytechnologydevelopersrankedamongthetopindegreecentralityaretheleadersofDepthTechnologyinnovationinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligence.Fromtheperspectiveofthetop20relationshipnodesinthevaluenetworkdegreecentrality,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,includingTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversity,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,BeihangUniversity,andtheChineseAcademyofSciences,arethesourcesofbasicresearchandcorehumancapitalof2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesinChina.Multinationalarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesrepresent-edbyMicrosoft,Intel,IBM,Qualcomm,andNvidiaconstituteanimportantpartoftheinnovationecologyofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry.Traditionalindustrialenterprisesandgovernmentagencies,includingChan-ganAutomobileandChinaUnionPay,arethemainempowermentpartiesofarti?cialintelligenceenterprises,providingrichapplicationscenariosforthewideapplicationofarti?cialintelligence.Inthecorehumancapitalof2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprises,15.04%ofthemgraduatedfromforeignuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,and84.96%fromdomesticuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes;while6.49%ofthemgainworkingexperiencefromforeignenterprisesandinstitutions,and93.51%gainfromdomesticenterprisesandinstitutions.Whetheritisfromthepreviouslearningexperienceorworkexperience,thecorehumancapitalneededforthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustrymainlycomesfromdomesticuniversities,scien-ti?cresearchinstitutions,andenterprises.Atthesametime,foreignuniversities,researchinstitutions,andenterpriseshavealsomadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryinthecultivationofcorehumancapital.InthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,thetopteninvestmentinstitutionsareSequoiaCapitalChina,IDGCapital,MatrixPartnersChina,ShenzhenCapitalGroup,FortuneCapital,ZhenFund,09告HillhouseCapital,LegendCapital,ShunweiCapital,and5YCapital.Thetoptennon-investmentinstitutionsareTencent,Lenovo,Baidu,Alibaba,JD.com,Xiaomi,Qihoo360,Haier,AntFinancial,andiFLYTEK.Inparticular,thenewplatformcontinuouslyoptimizesanddevelopstheplatform-ledindustrialinnovationecosystembyinvestinginstart-ups.ThetechnicalsystemofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryincludes17categoriesoftechnologiesincludingbigdataandcloudcomputing,InternetofThings,5Gtechnology,intelligentrobots,computervision,autono-mousdriving,intelligentchips,intelligentrecommendation,virtual/augmentedreality,speechrecognition,blockchain,biometrics,optoelectronictechnology,naturallanguageprocessing,spacetechnology,human-computerinteraction,andknowledgegraphs,constitutingacomplextechnologysystem.InthedistributionoftechnicalpartnershipsinChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryin2021,thetoptechnologycategorywasbigdataandcloudcomput-ing,accountingfor47.53%;thesecondplacewastheInternetofThings,accountingfor11.37%;thethirdwas5Gtechnology,accountingfor7.26%;thefourthand?fthwereintelligentrobotsandcomputervision,accountingfor6.66%and4.40%respectively.Since2017,5G,intelligentchips,autonomousdriving,biometrics,naturallanguageprocessing,andblockchainhavebeenthetechnologycategorieswithahighergrowthrateintechnicalpartnership.Inparticular,the5Gtechnology,intelligentchips,andautonomousdrivinghavebeenthemostactivetechnology?eldsinDepthTechnologyinnovationandentrepreneurshipinrecentyears.Asageneralpurposetechnology,arti?cialintelligencetechnologyempowermentiswidelydistributedin19appli-cationareas.Amongthem,thetopsix?eldsin2021wereenterpriseintelligentmanagement,smartcity,intelligentmarketingandnewretail,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligentconnectedvehicle,andintelligent?nance,accountingformorethan50%.Amongthem,intelligentmarketingandnewretail,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligentconnectedvehicle,smarteducation,smartculturaltourism,andsmartagriculturehavebeentheapplicationareaswiththerapidgrowthinthenumberoftechnicalpartnershipssince2017.The2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesconstitutethecoreindustrialsectorofthearti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,andtheintegrationindustrialsectorconsistsoftraditionalindustryenterpriseswithwhichthesampleenterpriseshavetechnicalpartnerships.In2021,intheAItechnicalpartnerships,29.10%ofthepartnerswereenterpriseswithinthecoreindustrialsector,and70.90%ofpartnerswereenterprisesandinstitutionsintheintegrationindustrialsector.Accordingtothechangesintheproportionoftechnicalpartnershipbetweenthetwoindustrialsectorsfrom2014to2021,thetechnicalpartnershipbetweencoreindustrialsectorsandintegrationindustrialsectorswasdominantinthedevelopmentprocessofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,withtheproportionincreas-ingfrom68.24%to70.09%.In2021,intheproportionoftechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandthethreeindustries,thetertiaryindustryranked?rst,accountingfor76.85%;thesecondwasthesecondaryindustry,accountingfor22.74%;thethirdwastheprimaryindustry,accountingforonly0.41%.Uptonow,theintegrateddevelopmentofarti?cialintelli-genceandtherealeconomyhasmainlybeendistributedinthetertiaryindustry.Withtheinnovativedevelopmentofthenewgenerationofinformationtechnologyincluding5G,thedeepintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandthesecondaryindustry,especiallythemanufacturingindustry,willbeaccelerated.In2021,amongthetechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandthesecondaryindustry,themanufacturingindustryranked?rst,accountingfor88.01%;thesecondplacewastheelectricity,heat,gas,andwaterproductionandsupplyindustry,accountingfor5.67%;thethirdplacewastheconstructionindustry,accountingfor5.05%;thefourthplacewastheminingindustry,accountingfor1.27%.From2014to2021,theproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsinthemanufacturingindustryincreasedyearbyyear,from85.82%to88.01%.In2021,intheproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsbetweencoreindustrialsectorsandvarioussectorsinthemanufacturingindustry,thecomputer,communication,andotherelectronicequipmentmanu-facturingindustriesranked?rst,accountingfor30.86%;thesecondplacewastheautomobilemanufacturingindustry,accountingfor24.84%;thethirdplacewastheelectricalmachineryandequipmentmanufacturingindustry,accountingfor8.57%;thefourthand?fthplaceswerespecialequipmentmanufacturingandgeneralequipmentmanufacturing,accountingfor6.57%and3.89%respectively.Thetop?vemanufacturingindustriesbelongedtotheequipmentmanu-facturingindustry.Amongthem,from2014to2021,theautomobilemanufacturingindustrywasthemanufacturingindustrywiththefastestgrowthintheproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnerships.In2021,amongthearti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandvarioussectorsinthetertiaryindustry,theinformationtransmission,software,andinformationtechnologyservicesranked?rst,accountingfor28.46%;thesecondwasthescienti?cresearchandtechnicalserviceindustry,accountingfor告21.25%;thethirdwasthe?nancialindustry,accountingfor10.95%;thefourthand?fthplaceswereleasingandbusinessservices,wholesaleandretail,accountingfor10.89%and9.06%respectively.From2014to2021,thepropor-tionoftechnicalpartnershipsofarti?cialintelligenceinscienti?cresearchandthetechnicalserviceindustryincreasedsigni?cantly.Asthecoreengineofthefourthindustrialrevolution,arti?cialintelligencehasdualattributesofgeneralpurposetechnologyandinclusivetechnology.Ontheonehand,arti?cialintelligenceleadstheall-rounddevelopmentoftheeconomyandsocietythroughextensiveempowerment;ontheotherhand,withthepopularizationofnetworkinfrastructureandintelligentterminalequipment,arti?cialintelligencecanempowereverymemberofthesociety,createmorefaireducationalopportunitiesandmoreentrepreneurialandemploymentopportunities,andturnthepossible“digitaldivide”into“digitaldividend”.Whetherthecommercialandsocialvalueofarti?cialintelligencetechnologycanbefullyrealizeddependsnotonlyonthetechnologyitselfbutalsoonthesocialsystem.DengXiaopingproposedthat“theessenceofsocialismistoliberateanddevelopproductiveforces,eliminateexploitationandpolarization,and?nallyachievecommonprosperity.Thesocialistsystemcreatesconditionsforthedevelopmentofadvancedproductiveforcesofarti?cialintelligence.”UnderthestrategicguidanceoftheChinesegovernment,arti?cialintelligencetechnologyinnovationandindustrialdevelopmentshowastrongersocialmissionorientation,creatingnotonlycommercialvaluebutalsosocialvaluethroughextensiveempowerment.Thedevelop-mentofarti?cialintelligenceinChinacannotonlyleadoveralldevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety,butalsocontributetotheconstructionanddevelopmentofacommunitywithsharedfutureformankind.告人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)引言和研究方法告還做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。。樣本類別樣本類別基礎(chǔ)層技術(shù)層人工智能骨干企業(yè)應(yīng)用層總計(jì)AI大學(xué)303大學(xué)和科研機(jī)構(gòu)非大學(xué)科研機(jī)構(gòu)123人工智能政府政策657數(shù)量3732200人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟781投資者(投資機(jī)構(gòu)和非投資機(jī)構(gòu))5272析屬性數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)，重點(diǎn)采集和分析樣本節(jié)點(diǎn)和關(guān)系節(jié)點(diǎn)之間三告IVE-YEARREVIEWIVE-YEARREVIEWOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETECHNOLOGYINDUSTRY的加速融合。經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。告所高校成為全國(guó)首批集成電路科學(xué)與工程一級(jí)學(xué)科博士學(xué)和底層技術(shù)開發(fā)領(lǐng)域的布局取得一系列成果。近力和機(jī)制。于基礎(chǔ)研究和底層技術(shù)研發(fā)的科學(xué)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)，目的是構(gòu)建培育未來產(chǎn)業(yè)和保障產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力持續(xù)提升的自出，、業(yè)之間的產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作成為推動(dòng)人究型大學(xué)和科研院所在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新組織難以適應(yīng)人工智能技術(shù)體系變革的需要，具有平臺(tái)屬性的新型創(chuàng)新的前沿。包括兩種類型：一類是2017年之后創(chuàng)建的專門從事人工智能基礎(chǔ)研究和關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)的新型創(chuàng)新組織。20小企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)。樣構(gòu)成了深科技創(chuàng)新浪潮的重要力量。在深告AI提供服務(wù)。其中，為新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)提供研發(fā)服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)量占比為征：一是科學(xué)家的廣泛參與和產(chǎn)學(xué)研深科技創(chuàng)新的重要推動(dòng)者。傳統(tǒng)制造企業(yè)，尤其是龍頭更多地聚焦在智能裝備領(lǐng)域。產(chǎn)品的智能化和生產(chǎn)的智能化帶動(dòng)了智能機(jī)器人技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和難題。2122告ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEENTERPRISES.00% 人工智能企業(yè)[5] RTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEENTERPRISES EstablishmentTime2200家人工智能企16.00%告早業(yè)主導(dǎo)者。 GeographicalDistribution業(yè)創(chuàng)建的時(shí)間主要集中在科技創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)不斷增加，成為人工智能科技。0%。展戰(zhàn)略研究院智能經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫10,000家基礎(chǔ)樣本數(shù)據(jù)庫的基礎(chǔ)上，通過動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)2529.64%29.64%.95%京津冀長(zhǎng)三角珠三角川渝其他2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)主要分布在京津冀、長(zhǎng)江三角洲和珠江三角洲三大都市圈，占比分別為顯高于京津冀地區(qū)。26在國(guó)內(nèi)主要城市中，人工智能企業(yè)分布密集的城市是北京市、深圳市、上海市和廣州市，占比分別為49.24%21.83%8.63%在國(guó)內(nèi)主要城市中，人工智能企業(yè)分布密集的城市是北京市、深圳市、上海市和廣州市，占比分別為49.24%21.83%8.63%0.00%20.30%10.00%20.00%30.00%1.57% (三)員工規(guī)模EmployeeSize40.00%2.14%2.14%1.00%1.00%0.50%0.45%0.45%0.36%0.32%0.32%0.32%0.27%0.18%0.14%0.14% SalesRevenueandMarketValue0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%30.00%0.00%5.00%10.00%30.00%271.企業(yè)融資規(guī)模分布18%200-3008.64%1.企業(yè)融資規(guī)模分布18%200-3008.64%0圖5列出了197家人工智能上市公司營(yíng)業(yè)總收入分布情況。其中71.57%的企業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)總收入小于40億元， InvestmentandFinancing0%60.00%70.00%(單位：億人民幣)302930110384.285.5110384.285.5268.4176.7143.71115.091.7287.6867.4356.0937.2736.5531.1823.0022.6822.6216.356.825.753.230.730.500.00331402天津市海南省福建省上海市江蘇省貴州省河北省32312.地區(qū)融資總額分布模告3.地區(qū)平均融資規(guī)模分布[11] 17.96.535.755.745.415.104.664.453.783.552.602.502.451.881.622.41.308170.00120.00140.00160.00006000800010000120001400016000圖91485家人工智能企業(yè)平均融資規(guī)模地域分布(單位：億人民幣)圖81485家人工智能企業(yè)所在省市自治區(qū)融資規(guī)模(單位：億人民幣)告 TechnologicalLayerDistribution從人工智能企業(yè)技術(shù)層次分布看，深科技創(chuàng)新的商業(yè)化提供技術(shù)集成和基礎(chǔ)層技術(shù)層應(yīng)用層 理塊鏈2.09%1.82%1.05%0.91%05.64%5.50%4.82%4.32%5.45%3.64%2.41%64%%%42.55%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%40.00%45.00% CoreTechnologyDistribution33處理%%5%83.68%5%5%5%%1.531.23%1%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%圖12326家基礎(chǔ)層和技術(shù)層人工智能企業(yè)的核心技術(shù)分布341.研發(fā)強(qiáng)度3 2..64%1.研發(fā)強(qiáng)度3 2..64%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%3500%40.00%. ResearchandDevelopmentActivities公司名稱公司名稱研發(fā)強(qiáng)度公司名稱研發(fā)強(qiáng)度匯頂科技天智航-U54.53%每日互動(dòng)25.98%虹軟科技恒生電子35.85%大唐電信24.32%安博通中望軟件33.11%藍(lán)盾股份21.60%金山辦公奇安信-U29.51%遠(yuǎn)光軟件20.94%深信服景嘉微27.14%卓易信息19.64%國(guó)民技術(shù)品茗股份ST網(wǎng)力三六零同花順37.98%34.90%31.44%26.23%27.65%24.72%24.08%21.09%20.58%74.56%3536告2.研發(fā)人員占比3.專利數(shù)%2%20.81%5.89%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%4.1%%58.53%0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%)為3738告20.00%30.00%20.00%30.00%%基礎(chǔ)層20.54%66技術(shù)層20.15%應(yīng)用層59.32%應(yīng)用層59.32%0平均專利占比術(shù)術(shù)30.00%30.00%403940告中國(guó)人工智能科技產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新生態(tài)ValueNetwork圖202019年價(jià)值網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖告圖212021年價(jià)值網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖圖182014年價(jià)值網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖圖19圖182014年價(jià)值網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖5.4495.2020.0050.0080.7750.74240.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%100.00%4.7670.7010.015的累計(jì)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量2021220056595588001190442.0252.025140.6720.0174.607告刻地影響著中國(guó)人工智能科技產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)和方向。圖22度數(shù)中心度冪律分布特征圖平均平均平均聚類系數(shù)路徑長(zhǎng)度6.688201521973266834865442221.2681.268150.860.0036.4046.269201722013746839669565881.4271.427170.8110.0045.804節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)總邊數(shù)平均度樣本節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)關(guān)系節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直徑模塊化平均加權(quán)度0.8770.0030.8370.004年份 StatisticalAnalysisofTechnicalPartnerships1.技術(shù)輸入和賦能關(guān)系比較1.技術(shù)輸入和賦能關(guān)系比較。[14]從節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)和邊(關(guān)系)數(shù)的比較和動(dòng)態(tài)變化可以清晰地看出，2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)具有越來越強(qiáng)的技術(shù)賦能力和術(shù)賦能范圍。0技術(shù)輸入技術(shù)賦能，XXXX0技術(shù)輸入技術(shù)賦能，XXXX告2014年2015年2016年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年02014年2015年2016年2017年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年技術(shù)輸入國(guó)內(nèi)X國(guó)外2.技術(shù)合作關(guān)系節(jié)點(diǎn)度數(shù)中心度2.技術(shù)合作關(guān)系節(jié)點(diǎn)度數(shù)中心度10000數(shù)中心度排名前五的節(jié)點(diǎn)分別是阿里云、華為、阿里巴巴、百度和騰訊。2017年度數(shù)中心度排名前五的節(jié)點(diǎn)分XXXXX0XXXXX0XX2014年2015年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年47國(guó)內(nèi)47國(guó)內(nèi)X國(guó)外48排名12015阿里云(139)2017華為(408)2019華為(1639)2021華為(5548)排名12015阿里云(139)2017華為(408)2019華為(1639)2021華為(5548)排名12015微軟(42)2017英特爾(118)2019英特爾(269)2021清華大學(xué)(437)告2華為(124)騰訊(322)騰訊(1064)騰訊(2715)3阿里巴巴(105)阿里云(327)騰訊3阿里巴巴(105)阿里云(327)騰訊云(744)京東(1782)4百度(104)阿里巴巴(277)阿里云(661)百度(1669)5騰訊(92)百度(273)百度(660)阿里云(1629)6中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城(72)華為云(168)京東(599)中國(guó)移動(dòng)(1214)7京東(67)騰訊云(197)阿里巴巴(546)華為云(1171)8特斯聯(lián)(64)京東(193)華為云(525)騰訊云(1171)9捷通華聲(63)中興通訊(167)中國(guó)移動(dòng)(504)中國(guó)電信(1059)2英特爾(41)清華大學(xué)(95)清華大學(xué)(218)英特爾(432)微微軟(153)高通(248)微軟(77)34清華大學(xué)(22)英偉達(dá)(47)高通(105)微軟(231)10中興通訊(59)特斯聯(lián)(143)中國(guó)聯(lián)通(486)中國(guó)聯(lián)通(1049)中中興通訊(1048)中國(guó)電信(154)中國(guó)電信(477)中國(guó)電信(55)12信息工程(54)螞蟻金服(122)中興通訊(450)阿里巴巴(915)今日頭今日頭條(101)云從科技(359)萬國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)(54)釘釘(842)14新華三(48)捷通華聲(87)特斯聯(lián)(324)新華三(657)云云從科技(562)螞蟻金服(48)優(yōu)必選(294)云知聲(93)16奇安信(47)中國(guó)移動(dòng)(87)中國(guó)平安(272)特斯聯(lián)(561)螞蟻螞蟻金服(249)科大訊飛(482)德潤(rùn)科技(46)中國(guó)聯(lián)通(89)18展訊通信(41)展訊通信(98)云知聲(211)用友(477)拼多拼多多(463)新華三(69)云知聲(37)小米(191)20數(shù)字政通(37)滴滴出行(78)今日頭條(184)小米(454)49(174)北京大學(xué)(16)英偉達(dá)(95)56高通(14)高通(40)IBM(74)浙江大學(xué)(154)7哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)(12)浙江大學(xué)(36)上海交通大學(xué)(73)北京大學(xué)(153)8上海交通大學(xué)(10)北京大學(xué)(34)浙江大學(xué)(66)上海交通大學(xué)(146)上上海交通大學(xué)(23)上海市政府(10)北京大學(xué)(63)英偉達(dá)(138)910英偉達(dá)(9)哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)(20)長(zhǎng)安汽車(49)中國(guó)科學(xué)院(95)中國(guó)信通院(47中國(guó)信通院(47)中國(guó)信通院(20)上汽集團(tuán)(95)亞馬遜(7)12北京航空航天大學(xué)(7)中國(guó)銀聯(lián)(19)亞馬遜(43)浪潮(88)中國(guó)科學(xué)院(40中國(guó)科學(xué)院(40)中國(guó)信通院(7)戴爾(17)14