完形填空的備考策略

高考英語完形填空備考策略莊河市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)任曉青莊河二高中學(xué)情：

1、學(xué)苗經(jīng)過兩輪篩選2、大都來自偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村

英語基礎(chǔ)差，90%都不會(huì)音標(biāo)

3、英語學(xué)習(xí)沒有方法

4、對(duì)英語完全不感興趣針對(duì)我校學(xué)情我們采取的對(duì)策：

1、降低起點(diǎn)，從音標(biāo)學(xué)起，從句法講起

2、高效課堂，向45分鐘要質(zhì)量，當(dāng)堂講的東西當(dāng)堂弄會(huì)，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生不欠債3、單詞詞組好句背誦逐個(gè)過關(guān)（1）教師親自檢查，逐個(gè)過關(guān)（2）組長(zhǎng)檢查，生生監(jiān)督，教師抽查，連坐懲罰，株連九族4、作業(yè)全批全改，統(tǒng)計(jì)正答率，實(shí)名制記錄做對(duì)學(xué)生名單，培養(yǎng)講題小老師。5、多限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，現(xiàn)做現(xiàn)講，少留課后自己做

在高考英語備考中，我們更是工作抓在實(shí)處抓在基礎(chǔ)，不空泛不空談：1、工作做到骨髓里，堅(jiān)持不做無用功，有學(xué)必有得2、挖掘?qū)W生潛力，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，變被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)為主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，知學(xué)、樂學(xué)3、不講空洞的大道理而要具體可行的量身制作的實(shí)用方案高考完形備考策略

命題原理及特點(diǎn)完形填空命題原理是格式塔心理學(xué)。該原理強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性和綜合性而不是個(gè)別和孤立，所以對(duì)文章要整體感知和從語義上的整體把握，這樣做好完形填空不僅僅要求考生有扎實(shí)的英語基礎(chǔ)語法和詞匯知識(shí)，還要求考生具備較高的綜合理解能力和語言運(yùn)用能力，即具備良好的把握文章情節(jié)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、邏輯關(guān)系線索以及主體思想的能力。二、學(xué)生失分的原因分析1、對(duì)文意分析不夠，憑主觀想象選擇答案。

Amoreembarrassingsituationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___of

theheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere..（2011大綱全國(guó)卷）

.A.memoryB.reasonC.questionD.purpose2、審題不仔細(xì)，忽略信息提示。Hewaswearingafalsebeardandhadacaveman’saxe(斧子)inonehand,andaspacegunintheother.Itwas,ofcourse,Tony,whoinformedme54thathewasthefirst55toflyintospace....2011年遼寧卷A.policeman

B.spaceman

C.caveman

D.postmanInonehand→acaveman’saxe→cavemanIntheotherhand→aspacegun→flyintospace

3、未能理解上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，意群歸不清。

Isawhesuddenlybecame

44;hehaddiscoveredsomethinghereallyliked：alargetindrum.Iwasquitehappytoo—

45

IthoughtwhatTony’smotherwouldsaywhenshesawit.Nobodywouldgetany46forweeks!IledTonyaway47,sayingthatthedrumwastooexpensive.（2011年遼寧卷）44.A.surprisedB.hopefulC.patientD.excited45.A.after

B.until

C.unless

D.since三、完形填空的有效備考策略1、為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備完形填空的智慧背囊。

法器一：常見動(dòng)詞詞組通過例句領(lǐng)悟語義,再匯總。

小組分工合作讓學(xué)生收集例句編例句，整理，共同匯總，再引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行橫向縱向比對(duì)，最后強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：

inbringoncut

takeoffcallinuptakedowngetovertake

法器二：常見同義詞近義詞集中記憶如：1看：look,watch,observe,notice,stare

2.答：answer,respond,reply

3.拿、放：take,bring,hold,carry,fetch,lift,put,lay,pull,push...4、“找/查”

find，lookfor，findout，discover/explore，hunt，search，seek5、說：Say,speak,whisper,talk,chat,tell,persuade,explain,warn,inform,remind,claim,discuss,debate,declare,mentionadmitdeny,describe,announce,introduce,complain

法器三：常見的一詞多義或熟詞生義的詞匯歸納訓(xùn)練

如：add(v.補(bǔ)充說),address(v.寫…地址；演說，演講）,admit(v.允許進(jìn)入）,apply(v.應(yīng)用）,catch（v.領(lǐng)會(huì)）,count(v.把…算入；認(rèn)為…重要）,cover（v.夠支付；走…路；讀…頁書；涉及；報(bào)道）,express（adj.高速的，快速的）,fine（v./n.罰款）,fire（v.開除）,follow（v.聽從，仿效）,hold（v.容納；舉辦；支撐…重量；控制，抑制；擔(dān)任，任職；持有…觀點(diǎn)）,interest(n.利益，利息，股份）,lift（n.搭便車）,operate（v.操作，經(jīng)營(yíng)）,practice（n.慣例，習(xí)俗）,reach（v.夠得著）,settle（v.解決）,stand(v.忍受，容忍）,study（n.書房）,treasure（v.珍愛，珍視）,value（v.重視，珍視）等等

法器四：考查高頻的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞匯總?cè)纾焊哳l名詞：advantage,anxiety,agreement,attitude,argument,approach,activity.belief,burden,comfort,concern,courageconclusion,confidence,contribution,chance,courage,challenge,difficulty,determination,energy,experience,excitement,fortune,goal,gift,honor,introduction,idea,interest,impression,importance,kindness,knowledge,lesson,problem,poverty,power,program,promise,principle,patience,progress,question,responsibility,relief,regret,routine,reward,satisfaction,sorrow,similarity,standard,strength,talent,thought,trouble,view,wisdom法器五：近幾年高考完形填空中的選項(xiàng)詞匯分類總結(jié)

如：形容詞副詞高頻答案詞：

fortunately/luckily/unfortunately；quickly/immediately/instantlyeventually/finally/atlast；difficult/hard；suddenly，immediately,gradually,anxiously,eagerly,successfully,friendly,independent,practical,excellent,wonderful,confident,however,never，even，still,only,also等等常見完形填空幾種解題方法：

（1）、語境信息解題法（2）、語法結(jié)構(gòu)解題法（3）、復(fù)現(xiàn)解題法（4）、固定搭配解題法（5）、邏輯語氣解題法（6）、利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)解題法2、注重完形填空的講題策略，從邏輯思維上引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的解題思路，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的篇章理解能力

完形填空的講題策略：（1）、類比講解法：顧名思義，類比講解法就是把完形填空篇章中類似的東西加以比較來講解完形填空題。

John'sparentsgotthewasherwhenhewasateenager.Hisfamilyneverownedawashingmachine.Sincegasolinewasexpensive,tripstothelaundryseveralmilesawaywerefar

1

theirpowertoafford.Keepingclothesclean

2

mostofyoungJohn'ssparetime.

Afamilyfriendjoinedthearmyandhiswife

3

togowithhim.John'sfamily

4

tostoretheirfurniturewhiletheywereaway.

5

,thefriendsuggestedtheyusetheirBendixandthiswashowthey

6

thewasher.

A．beyond

B．over

C．within

D．below2.A．took

B．cost

C．occupied

D．spentA．prepared

B．managed

C．desired

D．a(chǎn)ppealed4.A．promised

B．expected

C．decided

D．offeredA．Inturn

B．Inreturn

C．InadditionD．InplaceA．used

B．a(chǎn)cquired

C．bought

D．borrowedacquired

Themachinewaseventually

7

toJohn'shouse,and-acrosstheyearswithit,he

8

____

a

lovefortheold,greenBendix.Butfinallythewarended.WhenthefamilytooktheBendixback,Johngrewterribly

9

.Hismother

10

him,saying,"Youmustremember,themachineneverbelongedtous

11

.Thatweevergottouseitatallwasagift.So,insteadofbeingmadatitbeingtaken

12

,let'susethe

13

tobegratefulthatwehaditatall."

Thelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血?。?7. A．a(chǎn)ttachedB．burdenedC．conveyedD．loaded8. A．a(chǎn)chievedB．reducedC．developedD．produced9. A．confusedB．hopelessC．frightenedD．upset10. A．taught B．explained C．comforted D．encouraged11. A．a(chǎn)tthefirst B．inthefirstplaceC．firstofall D．forthefirsttime12. A．out B．a(chǎn)way C．up D．down13. A．chance B．treasure C．event D．successdevelopedupsetThelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血?。?Though

15

,Johncouldn'tbegingettingoverfromthe

16

.ThenthememoryoftheoldBendixcameasagreat

17

.

Hisdaughterwasa

18

.Whenherealizedthatsimplefact,everythingchanged.Hecouldnowbeginrecoveringfromthedeathofhisdaughter.Hestartedtoseeherasamarvelousgiftthathewasfortunateenoughto

19

foratime.Hefelt

20

.Hefoundstrengthandrecovery.Heknewhecouldgetthroughthevalleyofloss.

14. A．reasonable B．necessary C．worthless D．valuable15. A．missing B．forgetting C．struggling D．thinking16. A．illnessB．difficulty C．lossD．lesson17. A．delivery B．relief C．hope D．profitA．giftB．WasherC．deathD．Loser19. A．shareB．spendC．liveD．earn20. A．EagerB．energeticC．grateful D．curiouslosssharegot/acquiredthewasher---developedalove—thefamilytookitback(beingtakenaway)upset-----begrateful-----begratefultohaveiteight-year-olddaughter-----love-------died—couldn’tgetoverfromthelossstruggling—feltgrateful/relief—befortunateenoughtoshareforatime（2）、教會(huì)學(xué)生“切入點(diǎn)”：

因?yàn)橥晷翁羁諒?qiáng)調(diào)的是篇章的整體性，所以如果順序講解無法推出篇章情節(jié)，我們就可以從某一處有把握的空格進(jìn)行突破和切入，然后再往前推斷往后承接，解出全篇，就像九連環(huán)一樣，解開其中一環(huán)，其他環(huán)扣便迎刃而解。讓我們以2013年福建卷為例：

A.sharedB.short C.fresh D.treasuredA.passedB.raised C.movedD.sent40.A.home B.duty C.reality D.relief41.A.built B.lived C.remained D.exploredIaminNovaScotiaonapilgrimage(朝圣)withLise,mygranddaughter,seekingrootsforher,retracing(追溯)38memoryforme.Lisewasoneofthemobilechildren,39fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof40,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors41for200years.livedhomemovedtreasured（3）、意群劃分講解法：

這種方法適合不能明顯給我們分出段落來區(qū)分語意的文章，這時(shí)，我們要根據(jù)語意和標(biāo)志性詞語進(jìn)行意群劃分來講解，以便以意群主旨來框定解題思路，從而逐個(gè)意群擊破，最后解開全篇。以下面2011年大綱全國(guó)卷為例：

Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthe__21____homefromworkintheevenings.Amanwillbe__22____thenewspaper,andsecondslaterit__23___asifheistryingto___24__it.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestranger___25__nexttohim.___26___placewhereunplannedshortsleep__27__isinthelecturehallwhereastudentwillstartsnoring（打鼾）so___28____thattheprofessorhastoaskanotherstudentto___29___thesleeperawake.Amoreembarrassing（尷尬）situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___oftheheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere.Theworsttimetofallasleepiswhen__34___.Policereportsare…SleeponthebusortrainSleepinthelecturehallAmoreembarrassingsituationfallasleepwhendriving（4）、身臨其境入定法：

身臨其境入定法就是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把自己當(dāng)做是文章故事的主角，進(jìn)入情景和文章所設(shè)定的境界后，讓自己的思維和想法跟著文章思路行進(jìn)的一種體會(huì)性講解方法，因?yàn)橥晷翁羁斩嗍菙⑹滦晕捏w，所以這種方法比較適合。

以2011年江蘇卷高考為例：這篇完形介紹了一個(gè)孩子在放學(xué)回家的路上看到了一個(gè)很大很誘人的蘋果而想得到它所描寫的一系列心理活動(dòng)和行為活動(dòng)。

Seeingtheapple—wantit---themorelookedatit—thehungrier

felt---stretching

ashighascould—evenastallestlength---unabletotouch--begintojump

upanddown---ashighascould---atthe

top

ofeachjumpstretchingarmstogettheapple---stillitremainedoutofreach.—notgivingup—findsthtostand

on—don’twanttobreakthethingsinschoolbag---lookingaround--tidy,nothingcouldusetostandonit-giveup-walkaway.2011年江蘇卷（5）、利用設(shè)空關(guān)系講解法：①、并列關(guān)系：(2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I)Theworldisfullof_____stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collectedD.half-filled

②、因果關(guān)系（2014天津卷）

Lookingatthelarge______apartment,IbecameawareofhowlonelymymothermusthavebeeninBrazilherself.A.ComfortableB.ExpensiveC.EmptyD.Modern

③、對(duì)比關(guān)系Ontheonehand,parentsgomadover3rooms,clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren’srefusaltohelpwiththe4.On

theotherhand,teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor5thetowelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.

A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.lockedA.homework B.houseworkC.problem D.research5.A.washingB.using C.dropping D.replacing（2014廣東卷）

④、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

Dalecametounderstandthattheabilitytoexpressanideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson’sconfidence.And,55it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.（2014江蘇卷）

55.A.besides B.beyondC.like D.with⑤、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系

Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo,__43___herkeepingclosetothehouseandnot__44__toofar.（2013遼寧卷）43.A.insistingon B.relyingonC.arguingonD.wonderingabout

44.A.traveling B.runningC.ridingD.walking

⑥、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：

Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.（2012