U1高一必修一詞匯

Unit1Friendship晨讀狂背寫作模板類型：如何提建議。典例：給交友有困難的同學(xué)提建議。模板：I’msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeifyoutakemyadvice.[引出建議]Herearesometipstohelpyou.［列舉建議］First,whynotgoandtalktopeoplestandingontheirown?Iagreethisisdifficultbutthatpersonmaybelonelytoo.Ifyoudothis,Iamsureyouwillsoonhaveanewfriend.Second，youcanbegintheconversationbyaskingabouttheirlikesanddislikes,(理由)whichwillmakeyoufindpeoplewiththesameinterests.Finally，youshouldtrytojoininadiscussion,(理由)lettingpeopleknowhowfriendlyyouare.Ihopeyoufindtheseideasuseful.⑴引導(dǎo)建議可以用：

①Herearemysuggestionsonhowto...②Suggestionson...canbelistedasfollows.③Thewaysforyouto...canbesuggestedasfollows.名師指津⑵列舉建議可以用：①firstofall/first/tobeginwith；Second(ly)/then/besides/inaddition/What’smore；finally/lastly/lastbutnotleast②foronething...andforanother(thing)⑶在列舉的建議后常常會用起補(bǔ)充說明作用的分詞短語、定語從句等說明提出此建議理由或原因。詞匯過關(guān)1._________vt.不理睬;忽視2._________adj.不安的vt.使不安3._________v.(使)平靜adj.平靜的4._________vi.打雷n.雷,雷聲thunderignoreupsetcalm一、單詞拼寫

5.___________n.提示;技巧vt.傾斜6.___________vt.交換7.___________n.項(xiàng)目;條款8.___________n.窗簾;幕布9.___________n.伙伴,合作者10.___________adj.松的tipswapitemcurtainpartnerloose11.__________adj.感激的12.__________adv.在戶外13.__________n.公路;大路14.__________n.手提箱;衣箱15.__________n.大衣;外套gratefuloutdoorshighwaysuitcaseovercoat__________n.力量;權(quán)力__________adj.強(qiáng)有力的

(A)單詞派生powerpowerful二、單詞拓展

點(diǎn)撥：某些名詞加后綴-ful變?yōu)樾稳菰~。又如:care/careful,hope/hopeful,use/useful另外，表示“容量”的名詞后面加上后綴-ful構(gòu)成一個新的名詞，表示滿滿的量。如:mouthful一口，滿口;bagful滿袋;basketful一滿籃;carful一車之量;cupful一杯之量，滿杯。

_____n.灰土

dustdustyadj.積滿灰土的點(diǎn)撥：某些名詞加后綴-y構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“多……的”“似……的”，這類名詞大多與氣候有關(guān)。如:cloud/cloudy;rain/rainy;wind/windy;snow/snowy;storm/stormy;sun/sunny;fog/foggy;sand/sandy;hill/hilly(多山的，陡的);smoke/smoky(多煙的);water/watery(多水的);ice/icy(似冰的,多冰的);blood/bloody(血的，流血的);silk/silky(絲一樣的);wool/woolly(羊毛制的,似羊毛的);sleep/sleepy(想睡的);word/wordy(多言的)GermanyGermann.德國_______adj.德國的n.德國人_________v.(使)定居;解決

settlesettlern.移民;殖民者v.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷

suffersufferersufferingn.患病者,受苦者n.痛苦,折磨點(diǎn)撥：某些動詞后加-er，表示“……的人”。如:teacher老師;driver司機(jī);farmer農(nóng)民；worker工人;singer歌唱家，歌手;prisoner囚犯;trainer馴獸師，教練員;designer設(shè)計(jì)者;performer表演者;speaker講演者;listener收聽者,聽眾;reader讀者;winner勝利者,優(yōu)勝者;seller賣方;waiter侍者,服務(wù)員;supporter支持者，援助者;runner跑步者;swimmer游泳者；注意：①cooker不是“廚師”，而是“炊具”，“廚師”是cook；②下列單詞后加or：visitor訪問者，游客，來賓actor男演員inventor發(fā)明者。murderer兇手；learner學(xué)習(xí)者；cleaner清潔工人，清潔劑；gardener園丁，花匠；banker銀行家；Londoner倫敦人；villager村民。_________v.痊愈;恢復(fù);重新獲得recoverrecovery_________n.恢復(fù);重新獲得點(diǎn)撥：在某些形容詞、動詞后加-y構(gòu)成抽象名詞。如，discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；inquiry詢問；injury傷害；difficulty困難。_________adj.完全的,整個的

entire_________adv.完全地,全然entirely_________adv.確切地,恰恰_________adj.準(zhǔn)確的;精確的exactlyexact點(diǎn)撥：某些形容詞后直接加-ly變成副詞，又如:quick/quickly；polite/politely；wide/widely。但若以y結(jié)尾的，先將y改成i再加ly，如happy/happily。若以ble結(jié)尾的，把e變y，如possible/possibly；但true/truly等。但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly等。________vi.同意________vi.不同意disagreeagree_________n.&vt.不喜歡_________n.&vt.喜歡dislikelike點(diǎn)撥：某前綴dis-表示否定意義。如:disorder騷亂，失調(diào)；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；disarm解除武裝，裁軍；disable使喪失能力；disadvantage不利條件；disappear從視線中消失；discourage使失去勇氣，使泄氣。(B)靈活運(yùn)用1.Beingpoliteisthefirstandmostimportantsteptodevelopgoodrelationshipamongfriends.Politewordscanbeeasyyetvery________(power)inourdailylife.解析：與形容詞easy一起作be的并列表語，因此，填形容詞形式。powerful2.Recentlywehavehadadiscussionaboutwhetherparentsshouldaccompanytheirchildrenintheirstudy.Nearly70%ofus________(agree)sinceitmakesusfallintothehabitofdependence，sothatwewon’tformthegoodhabitofstudying.解析：缺謂語，依然填動詞；又由后面“(陪讀)會使我們形成依賴的習(xí)慣，不會養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣”可知，這將近70%的人是“不同意”父母陪讀的。disagree3.Itismiserabletoseethosepatients_________frompovertyanddiseaseandweallwanttodosomethingtoreleasethese_________fromtheir________（suffer）.解析:第一空是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(seesb.doing)；第二空是名詞，指“受難者”，作release的賓語；第三空是名詞“痛苦”，作介詞from的賓語。sufferingsuffererssuffering4.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforevery______(dust)windows.解析:在名詞前作定語，用形容詞形式。dusty5.Accordingtothesurvey，80%ofthestudentswerequitesatisfiedwithit，while15%________(like)itand5%hadnoopinion.解析:有主語和賓語，應(yīng)缺謂語，應(yīng)填動詞;由表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的while(而)可知，此動詞的意思與“werequitesatisfiedwith(非常滿意)”相反，應(yīng)為“不喜歡(dislike)”；又由前面的were和后面的had可知，用一般過去式。disliked1.____________合計(jì)2.____________(使)平靜;(使)鎮(zhèn)定3.____________遭受;患病4.____________參加(活動)5.____________經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受三、短語翻譯addupcalmdownsufferfromjoiningothrough6._____________將某物裝箱打包7.____________________關(guān)心;掛念8._____________對……十分狂熱/癡迷9.___________對……厭煩10.____________與……相處;進(jìn)展packsth.upbeconcernedaboutbecrazyaboutgettiredofgetalongwith11.______________(與……)相愛;愛上12.___________________與……無關(guān)13.__________故意14.__________在黃昏時(shí)刻15.__________一連串;一系列fallinlove(with)benothingtodowithonpurposeatduskaseriesof16.____________面對面地17._______________碰巧做某事18.______________________不再……19.____________記下;放下;登記20.____________為了……inordertofacetofacehappentodosth.nolonger/notanylongersetdown李老師是一個工作狂。2.她對我們學(xué)生非常關(guān)心。3.我們跟她相處非常融洽。四、短語運(yùn)用Wegetalongverywellwithher.MissLi，iscrazyaboutherwork.Sheisveryconcernedaboutusstudents.4.我英語不好，曾有一次課堂上看與學(xué)習(xí)無關(guān)的書。5.她碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)此事。6.她找我面對面地談心。IwasnotgoodatEnglish.Ioncereadabookthatwasnothingtodowithmystudy.Shetalkedtomefacetoface.Shehappenedtodiscoverit.7.為了讓我喜歡上英語，她不厭其煩地告訴我如何學(xué)好英語。8.她鼓勵我用英語寫日記，記下所見所聞。9.我不再害怕英語。InordertomakemefallinlovewithEnglish,shenevergottiredoftellingmehowtolearnEnglishwell.I’mnotafraidofEnglishanylonger.SheencouragedmetokeepadiaryinEnglishtosetdownwhatIsawandwhatIheard.合并：

MissLi，withwhomwegetalongverywell,iscrazyaboutherworkandisveryconcernedaboutusstudents.OnceIreadabookthathasnothingtodowithmystudyinclass,whichshehappenedtofind.Afterclassshetalkedtomefacetoface，andshedidn’tgettiredoftellingmehowtolearnEnglishwellinordertomakemefallinlovewithEnglish.ShealsoencouragedmetokeepadiaryinEnglishtosetdownwhatIsawandwhatIthought.Withthehelpofher,IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,soIamnotafraidofitanylonger.

1.Yourfriendcomestoschoolvery

upset.你的朋友來上學(xué)，心情非常不好。(BIP1)句中upset是形容詞作補(bǔ)語,表示主語的狀態(tài)，意為“心煩的,不高興的(unhappy，sad,worried)”?，F(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下：

五、詞匯用法upsetsb.使某人生氣/心煩upsetsth.弄翻某物beupsetwithsb.對某人生氣beupsetaboutsth.為某事感到心煩說明：upset的過去式和過去分詞與原形相同；upset為表語形容詞。運(yùn)用用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空或根據(jù)中文提示完成句子。⑴He____________(將杯子弄翻了)andthecoffeewentalloverthefloor.⑵Hischeatingintheexam__________(使他的老師生氣).upsetthecupupsethisteacher⑶IfIcatchyoudoingthatagain,I’llbeveryupset_____you.⑷Hedidn’tfinishtheworkontime，andhewasveryupset______it.about

with2.Youwillignorethebellandgosomewheretocalmyourfrienddown.你會無視鈴聲，然后去一個安靜的地方使你朋友冷靜下來。(BIP1)⑴句中ignore是及物動詞，意為“忽視，不顧，不理睬”。⑵句中calm是及物動詞，意為“使平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜”；此外，還可作形容詞，表示“冷靜的，平靜的”。常用搭配有：calmdown平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)靜下來calm...down使平靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來keep/staycalm保持冷靜運(yùn)用根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。⑴Isaidhellotoher,butshe__________(不理睬我)completely!⑵Youcan’t_____________(忽視這個事實(shí))thatChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.⑶Please__________(冷靜下來)andletmeknowwhathashappened.ignoredmeignorethefactcalmdown⑷Thedoctorhasgivenhersomepills_________________(使她鎮(zhèn)靜下來).⑸Itriedto_____________(保持冷靜).Iknewthatworryingwouldn’thelpmefindasolution.stay/keepcalm

tocalmherdown3.Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou，orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough.或者你害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者害怕你朋友不明白你正在經(jīng)歷什么？(B1P2)gothrough經(jīng)歷(困難，痛苦);檢查getthrough通過;接通電話運(yùn)用根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。⑴Onecanbestrong,braveandfaithfulafterallthesehardshipshe_______________(經(jīng)所經(jīng)歷的).⑵Hewould___________________________________(為祖國赴湯蹈火).gothroughfireandwaterforhiscountryhasgonethrough4.Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.例如，有天傍晚，天氣很暖和，為了獨(dú)自好好看看月亮，我故意熬夜到十一點(diǎn)半。(B1P2)⑴含purpose的短語：⑵表目的幾個句式：onpurpose故意with/forthepurposeof為了……的目的inorderto(do)為了(可位于句首)inorderthat(＋從句)為了(可位于句首)soasto(do)為了(不能位于句首)sothat(＋從句)為了，結(jié)果(不能位于句首)運(yùn)用根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。⑴Sheseemstodothesethings_______(故意).⑵___________________(為了……的目的)improvingmyself,I’llaskmyclassmatesforsomeadvicewhichmaybeofgreatvaluetome.onpurposeWith/forthepurposeof⑶__________________________(為了)achievehisgoal，hestartedtoworkveryhard.⑷Hestartedtoworkveryhard____________________________________________(為了)achievehisgoalinorderto/soasto/inorderthathecould/sothathecould

Inorderthathecould/Inorderto5.I’vegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.安妮對爸爸說:“我已經(jīng)厭煩了透過臟窗簾和沾滿灰塵的窗子觀看大自然了?！?B1P5)be/gettiredof對……厭煩betiredfrom因……累了/疲勞befedupwith對……感到厭煩beboredwith對……極其厭倦

運(yùn)用用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。⑴ThoughJackisoftentired____hisjob,heisnevertired____it.Infact,heenjoysit.⑵Theteacherisnotgoodatteaching.Nowonderthechildrengrowbored_____hislesson.with

fromof6.…tojoinindiscussionsandshowinterestinotherpeople’sideas.……去參加討論并對別人的觀點(diǎn)感興趣。(BIP7)joinin參加(某項(xiàng)活動)joinsb.(insth./doingsth.)和某人一起做某事jointhearmy/theparty入伍參軍/入黨attendthemeeting參加會議attendthelecture聽演講報(bào)告運(yùn)用根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。⑴Alltheseniorstudentsarewelcometo______________________________(參加)thecontest.Thefirstfivewinnerswillbegivenprizes.⑵Andwhat’smore，sheisgoingto_____(和我們一起)inaninformaldiscussiontomorrowevening.joinusjoinin/takepartin/participatedin1.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky，thesongofthebirds，moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空，鳥兒的歌唱，月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。(B1P2)句型積累一、美句誦寫句型：Therewasatimewhen...曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間……仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。⑴曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間弟弟非常厭倦學(xué)習(xí)。___________________myyoungerbrother___________________.⑵我曾一度對一些瑣事感到很煩惱。________________________________somesmallthings.TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutTherewasatimewhenwasverytiredofstudy2.Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.黃昏時(shí)刻我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的。(BIP2)句型：happentodo...when...當(dāng)……的時(shí)候……碰巧……說明：表示“碰巧做某事”也可用Ithappens/happenedthat...句型。仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。⑴當(dāng)我給他打電話的時(shí)候，碰巧他父母都出去了。_______________hisparentswereout___________________.⑵一天正在參觀頤和園時(shí)碰巧遇上了李平。OnedayI________________LiPingwhenIwasvisitingtheSummerPalace.happenedtomeetIthappenedthatwhenIcalledhim3.Ididn’tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.直到不得不關(guān)窗時(shí)，我才下樓。(BIP2)句型:not...until直到……才……說明:

1.倒裝式：notuntil放在句首，主句要半倒裝;2.強(qiáng)調(diào)式：Itisnotuntil...that...。仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。⑴直到他回來，媽媽才去睡覺。Hismother______________untilhegotback.⑵直到那時(shí),我才真正意識到朋友的重要性。_______________Ireallyrealizethevalueoffriends.Notuntilthendid

didn’tgotobed4.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface.這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。(BIP2)句型：itisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone這是某人第一次做某事說明：⑴其中的it可用this或that替代；⑵first可改為second，third...等；⑶當(dāng)is改為was時(shí)，從句中的have改為had。

比較：Itistimethatsb.didsth.是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了(=Itistimeforsb.todosth.)。仿寫:完成句子或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。⑴這是我第一次來到這里。______________________________________⑵這個短語已經(jīng)第三次出現(xiàn)在我們的練習(xí)中,所以老師要求我們一定要掌握。Itisthethirdtimethatthephrase__________(appear)inourexercises,soourteacherasksustomasterit.hasappeared

ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.5.AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates，Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.雖然我努力去跟我的同學(xué)交談，但我依然覺得跟他們成為好朋友是很困難的。(BIP7)句型：findithard/difficult/easy/interesting/possibletodosth.覺得做某事是困難的/容易的/有趣的/可能的仿寫：請將下列句子譯成英文。⑴我覺得很容易與他相處。Ifind__________________________.iteasytogetalongwithhim⑵她覺得很難在某個藏身之處定居并安定下來，因?yàn)樗龘?dān)心他們是否會被發(fā)現(xiàn)。She______________tosettleand_______inthehidingplace，becauseshewasconcerned______whethertheywouldbediscovered.about

founditdifficultcalmdown1.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都如此狂熱。(BIP2)二、難句分析結(jié)構(gòu)分析:Iwonder是主句的主語和謂語，if引導(dǎo)一個______從句;在這個_____從句中it’s...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。賓語

賓語順便說說：⑴since和as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，是不能用于itis...that強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的。⑵growcrazyabout變得對……無比狂熱⑶everythingtodowith與……有關(guān)的一切注：書中無2.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.觀看這些已不再是樂趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。結(jié)構(gòu)分析：It’snopleasure...是主句，because引導(dǎo)一個原因狀語從句，在這個原因狀語從句中that引導(dǎo)的是_______從句。

定語

順便提提：It’sapleasuredoing/todosth.做某事是一件快樂的事。It’snopleasuredoingsth.做某事不是快樂的事。注：書中無三、語篇運(yùn)用用上述句式完成下列短文。我曾一度對一些鎖事感到很煩惱。我收拾好東西去了北京。這是我第一次來到這里。一天正在參觀頤和園時(shí)碰巧遇上了李平。我覺得跟他很容易相處。同他在一起聊天是件快樂的事。我們很快成了好朋友。正是因?yàn)橛辛诉@樣一個朋友，我才不再煩惱也不再感到孤獨(dú)。直到現(xiàn)在，我才真正意識到朋友的重要性。注：書中無TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutsomesmallthings.IpackedupmythingsandwenttoBeijing.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenthere.OnedayIhappenedtomeetLiPingwhenIwasvisitingtheSummerPalace.Ifounditeasytogetalongwithhim.Itwasapleasuretobetogetherwithhim，chatting.Soonwebecamegoodfriends.ItwasbecauseIhadsuchafriendthatIwasn’tupsetanddidn’tfeellonelyanylonger.NotuntilthendidIreallyrealizethevalueoffriends.IwonderifitisbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolong1_____Ihavegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodo2_____nature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatime3______adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That’schangedsinceIwasthere.課文回顧一、課文填空that

with

when

Forexample,oneeveningwhen4___wassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurpose5_____halfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonby6_______.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.

it

until

myself

Thedark,7_____(rain)evening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirely8___theirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI9__________(see)thenightfacetoface...Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtains10_______(hang)beforeverydustywindows.rainy

in

hadseen

hanging

指導(dǎo):寫概要，首先要明確文章的主題，明確文章主題的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確尋找主題句。⑴本文以兩個疑問句開頭，隨后的回答便是主題句。因此，本文的主題句是第一段最后一句:AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.(安妮想要一個可以傾訴一切的朋友,她把日記作為她最好的朋友)接著分析原因:為什么Anne把diary當(dāng)作最好的朋友？(Jewish，hideaway，notruefriend)二、課文概括注：書中無⑵所選這篇安妮日記的主題是什么？最能體現(xiàn)本日記主題的是第一段第1句(I’vegrownsocrazyabout...nature)和最后一段的最后一句(natureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced)。也就是，表達(dá)了對大自然的渴望。注：書中無參考范文Anne’sfamily，Jewry，wasforcedtohideawaytoescapefromtheGermanNazisduringWorldWarII，duringwhichAnnemadeherdairyherbestfriend，expressingherfeelingsandthoughts，includinghereagernessfornature.語法歸納1.名詞的概念。名詞就是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)象及其它抽象概念等的名稱的詞。它分為普通名詞和專有名詞，專有名詞是指具體人物、地點(diǎn)、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)、國家或地區(qū)的名稱等。語法活用名詞2.名詞的分類。名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞worker工人，bus公共汽車集體名詞group組，class班不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞air空氣，water水抽象名詞music音樂，friendship友誼專有名詞BillGates比爾·蓋茨，Germany德國，theParty共產(chǎn)黨可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)分，當(dāng)數(shù)量大于一時(shí)，就要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)漢語提示，完成下列句子：⑴Afterhehadtwopotatoesandthree_________(西紅柿)forhisbreakfast,hewenttotwodifferent_________(公司)tobuyten______(盒)of______(鋼筆)andtwoboxesof_______(小刀).3.名詞的數(shù)。tomatoescompaniesboxespensknives名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，一般情況下直接加s;以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結(jié)尾，加es；以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加es；以f或fe結(jié)尾的常用名詞，把f或fe改為ves；以o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般加s，但hero，negro，tomato，potato卻要加es。歸納總結(jié)：⑵Thetwo___________(過路人)withno____(腳)andlegs，whowere__________(成年人)，foundthattwo_____________(女教師)，togetherwithagroupof_______(小孩)，wererunningafterafew____(老鼠)and______(棉羊).sheeppassers-byfeetgrown-upswomenteacherschildrenmice歸納總結(jié)：含man的名詞,一般變man為men,但German—Germans;將oo改為ee的有foot—feet,tooth—teeth,goose—geese等;復(fù)數(shù)以en結(jié)尾的有child—children,ox—oxen等;將ouse改為ice的有mouse—mice,louse—lice(虱子)等;單復(fù)數(shù)同形的有sheep,deer，fish，aircraft(飛機(jī)),means,works(工廠),Swiss,Japanese,Chinese等;合成詞中有主體名詞的只變主體名詞，如passers-by,fathers-in-law，沒有主體名詞的,直接在詞尾加s,如grown-ups。4.名詞的所有格。翻譯下列短語：⑴________________湯姆的父親⑵________________教師辦公室⑶___________狄更斯(Dickens)的小說Tom’sfathertheteachers’officeDickens’novels⑷___________________湯姆和約翰的朋友⑸___________________理發(fā)店⑹___________________我叔叔的家⑺___________________今天的新聞⑻___________________那本書的封面thecoverofthebookTomandJohn’sfriendsthebarber’s(shop)myuncle’s(house)Today’snews

歸納總結(jié)：

⑴有生命的人或物的所有格一般用“’s”表示，若是以s結(jié)尾的名詞后只加“’”。注意:①若是幾個人共有的，在最后一個姓名后加’s;②在表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，所有格后的名詞常省略；③表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、天體、國家或城市等的名詞也用’s表示。④有生命的人或物的所有格有時(shí)也可用of表示。如thestoryofanoldman(一個老人的故事)。⑵無生命的東西的所有格一般用of表示。5.不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)。⑴沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。⑵前面不可直接用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞，或few,many等。⑶表示數(shù)量要借助單位詞。如apieceofadvice(一條建議)。⑷轉(zhuǎn)化:有的不可數(shù)名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,如,表示種類時(shí)：varioussteels(各種鋼);表示具體的人或事物時(shí):success(成功的人或事)等;表示“一場/段/件……”時(shí):aheavysnow(一場大雪)；表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等;twoteasandacoffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡);表示不同意思時(shí):paper(紙——不可數(shù);報(bào)紙——可數(shù))。注意：有些不可數(shù)名詞是無論什么情況下也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，即使受形容詞修飾也不能加不定冠詞的，可稱作“絕對不可數(shù)名詞”。如，advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture等。6.名詞的用法與語境分析。主要用法所處語境例句1作主語在謂語之前Thewasstolen.2作賓語在謂語之后Ihaveaproblem.在介詞之后Shesufferedfromloneliness.3作表語在系動詞之后Mybrotherisaworker.4作同位語在主語之后謂語之前Westudentsshouldstudyhard.5作賓補(bǔ)在賓語之后WemadeTomourmonitor.

6作定語在另一個名詞之前goldmedal金牌(材料)colorfilm彩色電影(類別)sportsshoes運(yùn)動鞋(用途)book7.名詞與語法填空⑴單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前通常會填冠詞、名詞的所有格、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞(any，another)等。⑵空格在冠詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格后，要用括號中所給詞的名詞形式。⑶在名詞前作定語的可能是形容詞或分詞，在名詞后作定語的可能是分詞短語、不定式短語或介詞短語，還可能是定語從句。⑷若有定語從句、形容詞、分詞短語或介詞短語等修飾，應(yīng)當(dāng)用所給詞的名詞形式。⑸作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，要用括號中所給詞的名詞形式。⑹在確定用名詞形式后，還要考慮該名詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)、是否需要用所有格、首字母是否需要大寫。語法專練一、單句填空1._______(Anne)sisterMargotwasveryupsetthatthefamilyhadtomove.However，sheknewthatshehadgottogothroughallthe__________(difficult)withherfamily.解析:Anne’s;difficulties前者用名詞所有格作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞sister；后者在冠詞后用名詞，在all后，用復(fù)數(shù)difficulties表示各種各樣的“困難的事情”。Anne’sdifficulties2.Forthesakeofpeople’shealthand_________(happy)，measuresshouldbetakentocontrolandpreventpollutionandeveryoneshouldmakea____________(contribute)toit.解析:happiness；contribution前者跟名詞health并列，作of的賓語，也用名詞形式；后者在冠詞后用名詞形式，makeacontributionto表示“對……作貢獻(xiàn)”。happinesscontribution3.Inmyopinion，itiswrongtocheatin___________(exam)becauseitbreakstherulesofschools.解析:examinations作介詞in的賓語用名詞形式。examinations4.Inmyopinion，nooneagreesthata_________(wealth)personwithoutgoodhealthcanbehappy.So，justdoourbestandkeepfit.解析:wealthy在冠詞與名詞之間，用形容詞作定語。wealthy5._____(try)byfoodprocessingplants(食品加工廠)inGermanyhaveconcludedthatfoodscoveredwiththeglasscanstorelongerthanthosestoredinnormalcondition.解析:Trials主句謂語是haveconcluded，而by...Germany是介詞短語作定語，有介詞短語修飾，或者說在句中作主語，要用名詞；又根據(jù)謂語是復(fù)數(shù)，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式trials(試驗(yàn))。

Trials6.Upon______(arrive)，webegantoworkimmediately.Somewerediggingholes.Somewerecarryingandplantingyoungtrees.Otherswerewateringthem.解析:arrival作介詞的賓語用名詞形式。arrival7.Since“Lifeisastage”,weareactuallyallactorsand_________(act).Onthisstage,everyonehashisownroletoplay,andIwilltrymybesttoplaymyrolewell.解析:actresses由與之并列的actors(男演員)可知，填actresses(女演員)，在句中作并列表語。

actresses8.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial_________(express).解析:expressions前有形容詞修飾，用名詞，或者說，作介詞in的賓語，用名詞。facialexpressions面部表情。

expressions9.LangLangisaworld-classyoung________(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.10.____funitistojumpintowaterandswimonahotsummerday!解析:pianist由其后的定語從句可知，空格處是先行詞，且表示人。

pianist解析:What因fun為不可數(shù)名詞，所以感嘆句用what，而不是whata引出。What二、語篇填空(重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練名詞的相關(guān)用法)Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool，youwillbemostlucky.1___truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”Experienceshowsthathewasright.Good2__________(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.A

friendships

Tomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarm’s3______(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthat’sallright.

length

Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4_____(friend)expectations.Thesharingof5______(person)experienceisthesurestway6________________(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.friends

personal

todeepen/ofdeepening

Whataresomeofthedifficultiestofriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.7_______maindifficultyisthe8_________(selfish)tothinkone“owns”theother，includinghistimeandattention.Similarly，friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.

Another

selfishness

Inotherwords，youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareof.9______youspendreasonabletimetogether,talking10__thephone,writingletters，doingthingstogether,friendshipswilldieaway.Unless

on

完形技巧點(diǎn)撥走近高考高考完形填空考什么完形填空主要考查考生對語篇意義的理解，對上下文意義關(guān)系的把握。其空格只能是名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞這4種實(shí)詞。而以下四種情況，一般不考：(1)不考虛詞。即不考冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞等虛詞。(2)不考語法。(3)不考固定搭配。即不會考查只要你背熟固定詞組，無需理解短文意思，就可選出答案的題。(4)不考詞語辨析。一般說來，四個選項(xiàng)的意義相差很大。教師要花十分鐘八分鐘來辨析，但你依然不是十分清楚的那些同義詞或近義詞，在高考完形填空中，至今尚未同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)之中。模擬訓(xùn)練

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Whenaskedtopointoutoneortwothingsthataremostimportanttothemselves,manyputfriendsaheadofhomes,jobs,clothesandcars.Atrue1carriesalonghistoryofexperiencethatdetermineswhoweareandkeepsusconnected.Itisatreasureweshouldproveit.2,thebetterfriendsyouare,themoreprobablyyou’llhavedisagreements.A.successB.leadershipC.friendshipD.agreement2.A.UncertainlyB.UnfairlyC.LuckilyD.UnfortunatelyD因“朋友越好越有分歧”，可見，這是“不幸”的事。C與前句中的friends是同源復(fù)現(xiàn)。Andthe3canbewhatyoudon’twant-anendtotherelationship.Thegoodnewsisthatmosttroubledfriendshipscanbe4.First，don’tletyourpridegetinyourway.

3.A.resultB.connectionC.relationD.Experience4.A.mendedB.gainedC.provedD.continuedA因troubled與mend是同現(xiàn)，意思是“最困擾的友誼也可以修補(bǔ)”。A因result與end是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，由“結(jié)束”想到這是“結(jié)果”了。Mostofuscanforgiveeachotherwhen5arebroughtoutintheopen.Second,apologizewhenyou’rewrongevenifyou’vebeen6.5.A.secretsB.differencesC.mistakesD.clothes6.A.admittedB.wrongedC.firedD.beaten6.B因wronged與下文中的wronged是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。指“被冤枉”。5.B因differences與disagreements近義復(fù)現(xiàn)。Overthecourseoffriendship，eventhebestpeople7mistakes.Sometimes,itmaybebestifthewrongedpersontakestheleadand8.Whenyouapologize,giveyourfrienda9toadmitthathehasbeenwrong.

7.A.correctB.recordC.admitD.make8.A.opensB.mendsC.apologizesD.Considers9.A.chanceB.giftC.carD.treasure9.A因“承認(rèn)錯誤”與“機(jī)會”是同現(xiàn)。由常識也可知道，指給別人認(rèn)錯的“機(jī)會”。7.D由上下文別人冤枉你，可知此處指“犯錯誤”。8.C因apologizes與下句中的apologize是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。Third,seethingsfromyourfriend’spointofview.And10，acceptthatfriendships11asourneedsandlifestyleschange.Makingfriendscansometimesseem12.

10.A.NaturallyB.finallyC.possiblyD.Happily11.A.endB.beginC.changeD.finish12.A.difficultB.looseC.upsetD.easy11.C與本句末的change是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，句意是，“友誼也會隨著我們的需要和生活方式的改變而改變”。10.B因finally與first，second，third屬同現(xiàn)。12.D與下文hard是反義同現(xiàn)。意思是，交朋友有時(shí)似乎是容易的，難就難在將關(guān)系保持下去。Thehardpartis13theconnectionsstrongduringthenatureupsanddownsthathaveaneffectonall14.Mysuggestion:Considerfriendshipanhonorandagift，andworththeeffortto15andnurture.13.A.developingB.improvingC.keepingD.producing14.A.partnersB.teenagersC.lifestylesD.relationships15.A.treasureB.recoverC.swapD.concern13.C由常識可知是“保持關(guān)系”；雖然也可說“發(fā)展關(guān)系”和“改善關(guān)系”，但develop和improve一般不需再接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)了。15.A因友誼是榮譽(yù)和禮物，所以值得珍惜(treasure)和培養(yǎng)(nurture)。treasure是nurture同現(xiàn)。

14.D因relationships與connections是近義重現(xiàn)，都指“關(guān)系”。閱讀給文章選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題(title)幾乎是必考題。要正確選出標(biāo)題，必須首先要理解文章大意，明確文章主旨。一篇文章必然會有一個主旨，最能體現(xiàn)主旨的就是主題句，主題句多半在首、尾段或各段的開頭或結(jié)尾，少數(shù)情況下也在文中，甚至沒有主題句，此時(shí)就需要我們歸納各自然段的意思，自己概括其主旨了。如何給文章選標(biāo)題?技巧點(diǎn)撥選擇時(shí)，要仔細(xì)推敲各個選項(xiàng)，排除錯誤選項(xiàng)，縮小選擇范圍，從而選出最佳答案。錯誤選項(xiàng)有以下特征：⑴斷章取義：雖含文中的某些單詞，但不是文章所談內(nèi)容。⑵范圍太窄：概括不全面，只是某個細(xì)節(jié)或某一部分的內(nèi)容。⑶范圍太寬：所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。⑷無中生有：即文章中未提到，或找不到任何依據(jù)的信息。由于斷章取義的標(biāo)題，其部分或全部詞匯來自于原文，具有較強(qiáng)的迷惑性，同學(xué)們務(wù)必要注意。特別提醒1.Intheeighthgrade，whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwasto____.A.becomeseriousaboutherstudyB.gotoherfriend’shouseregularlyC.learnfromherclassmatesatschoolD.sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第2段，特別是最后三句可知。WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious”aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwit