初中英語八講：形容詞和副詞

第八講：形容詞和副詞教學(xué)目標(biāo).掌握形容詞的基本用法.掌握副詞的基本用法.掌握形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級基本用法教學(xué)建議.要求學(xué)生必須熟練掌握形容詞和副詞，熟練運用所學(xué)知識做題.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生透徹理解形容詞和副詞的用法，并能夠靈活運用；.本堂課主要為復(fù)習(xí)課，所以應(yīng)以學(xué)生為主題，逐步引領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧所學(xué)過的知識點，可以采取師生問答、任務(wù)教學(xué)等教學(xué)方法，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。1、入門一測：根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary'shairisas(long)asLucy's.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass..Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she..Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls..Myeyesare(big)than(she)..II、形容詞和副詞的基本用法形容詞一.定義：用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫形容詞。二.形容詞的作用，見下表：作用例 句定語Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表語Yourcoatistoosmall.賓語補足語Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.注意：有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如:Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容詞用來修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。例如：You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序是：1）冠詞或人稱代詞2）數(shù)詞3）性質(zhì)4）大小5）形狀6）表示老少，新舊7）顏色8）事務(wù)、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。例如：Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爺爺還住在這個矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white表示人種等）。例如：Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在這個國家，富人從來不幫助窮人。形容詞短語做定語時要后置。如：Theyarethestudentseasytoteach.他們是很容易較的學(xué)生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我們住的房子比你們的大得多。else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到別的人了嗎？三.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。改錯：（錯）Shesanglovely.（錯）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（對）Hersingingwaslovely.（對）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-ly結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《時代周刊》為周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《時代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。練一練(一)()1Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanything()2Mike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant,D.anythingimportant( )3 Tony isgoingcampingwithboys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo( )4 -Onedaytheycrossedthebridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold( )5Thestorysounds.A.tobetrue B.astrueC.beingtrueD.True( )6.Theseorangestaste.A.good B.well C.tobegoodD.tobewell副詞一、副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義可分為：方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地點副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home時間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor疑問副詞：where，how，why其他：also，too，only二、副詞的基本用法：.副詞是用來修飾形容詞、其他副詞，一般放在被修飾詞之前.Heplaysthepianoverywell..副詞是用來修飾動詞，常放在動詞之后.Hegotupquickly.enough修飾adj/adv時，放在其后.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.三、常見副詞用法辨析.already與yet的區(qū)另ijalready用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“還”，用于疑問句句末，表示“已經(jīng)”練一練HehadleftwhenIcalled.Haveyoufoundyourruler?very,much和verymuch.的區(qū)別very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級；修飾動詞要用verymuch.練一練Johnishonest.Thisgardenisbiggerthanthatone.Thankyou..so與such的區(qū)別⑴so修飾形容詞或副詞；such修飾名詞，MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan,tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.⑵so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞練一練Heiscleveraboy.=Heisacleverboy.Itiscoldweather.Theyaregoodstudents.⑶名詞前有many,much,few,little（少量的）用so不用such.（多多少少仍用so）但little表示“小的”用such.Therearelittlesheeponthehill..also，too，aswell與either的區(qū)別also，aswell，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞之后，行為動詞之前；aswell，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher，.Ican,tspeakFrench Jennycan,tspeakFrench，..sometime，sometimes，sometime與sometimes的區(qū)別ijsometime：表示將來的或過去的某一個不確定的時間。sometimes:有時，不時的二attimessometime:一段時間sometimes：幾次，幾倍練一練We,llhaveatestnextmonth.wearebusyandsometimeswearenot.HestayedinBeijingforlastyear.IhavebeentoBeijing..ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成時連用，可以單獨使用。練一練Isawhimtenminutes.Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilm..now，just與justnow的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用，意為，現(xiàn)在”just：與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，表示“剛……”justnow：和過去時連用，表示“剛才”練一練Wheredoeshelive？Wehaveseenthefilm.Hewashere..lonely/alone的區(qū)別ij.alone獨自一人/沒有同伴，既可作adj也可作adv..lonely表示孤獨,寂寞，也可修飾地點，表示荒涼,偏僻的，常與feel連用。.alone只作表語(以a開頭的形容詞一般只作表語，不作定語)而lonely既可作表語,也可作定語)練一練Helivesonaisland.Heis,buthedoesn,tfeel.9.fast/quickly/soon的區(qū)別.fast表示速度之快quickly表示動作之快soon表示時間之快練一練I,mleavinghomethisafternoon.Really?Whyso?A.fastB.soonC.quicklyD.early形容詞，副詞的比較級、最高級一、規(guī)則變化.一般在詞尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est，heavy-heavier-heaviest.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est，big-bigger-biggest注：大，紅，濕，熱，悲，瘦，胖.雙寫末輔再變級.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級和most構(gòu)成最高級，beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful注:表示否定意義在其前加less/leastimportant——lessimportant——leastimportantEnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish..由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成的副詞，在其前加more/mostslowly---moreslowly——mostslowly；^early-earlier-earliest二、不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther（距離）/further（程度）farthest/furthestF列單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most原級比較級最高級like（想似的）morelikemostlikereal（真的）morerealmostrealtiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleasedoftenmoreoftenmostoften注：形容詞，副詞同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight形容詞，副詞等級的用法一、原級的用法.只能修飾原級的詞，very,quite,so,tooHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan,tfollowhim..原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)A=B A+as+adj/adv的原級+as+B表示“A和B一樣”TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.A<B---A+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+B表示“A不如B...”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn,twalkasslowlyasyou.二、比較級的用法.可以修飾比較級的詞.much,alot,far,…的多alittle,abit,…一點兒even甚至,still仍然LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore..比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)“甲+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙...”TomistallerthanKate.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning..最高級的用法.結(jié)構(gòu):the+最高級+of+人或物(in+地點)HeisthetallestofalltheboysHeworkshardestinhisclass.注:副詞的最高級前the可省掉.the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級+單數(shù)名詞TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina..oneof+the+形容詞的最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.4),“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較。Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?.級別的轉(zhuǎn)換.原級與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換.倍數(shù)+as...as—(倍數(shù)-1)+比較級+thanThisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone=Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone..notas.as與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換A+notas...as+B—A+比較級(反義詞的比較級)+than+B—B+比較級+than+AMaryisnotasoldasTom.=MaryisTom.=TomisMary.Thisbookisnotasexpensiveasthatone=Thisbookisthanthatone=Thatbookisthanthisone..比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換.the+最高級+of/in .比較級+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞+theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+anyoneelse+anyoftheother+復(fù)名.Nobodyelse+比較級+than Tomisthetallestboyinourclass.Tomistallerthanboyinourclass.Tomistallerthaninourclass.istallerthanTominourclass.五.級別的慣用法,“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.,“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越……，越……”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou,llmake.3,“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是兩者中較……的”。(ofthetwins/parents…)Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo..當(dāng)adj的最高級前有物主代詞，名詞所有格，指示代詞時，不用the.Thisismybestbookofall..相比較的前后兩部分必須是同類比較.Mypencilislongerthan（you）..比較時不能與自身相比注：當(dāng)相比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時，為了與自身相比較，要用anyother+單數(shù)名詞.若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時,不必用other,直接用any+單數(shù)名詞.Heistallerthanboyinhisclass.Heistallerthanboyinourclass.A.anyB.anyother.有些含有比較級的句子里，常用that（單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞）、those（復(fù)數(shù)名詞）代替前面提到的詞，以避免重復(fù)。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninGuangzhouinwinter.Theboysinourclassaremorethaninyourclass.練一練（二）翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀(jì)大？是你。isthanJim？are.2、誰比David更強(qiáng)壯？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。pencilis,or？is,Ithink.4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryour?My.5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。 He asasJim.7、她和她的雙胞胎口哥哥一樣胖嗎,不，她比他瘦。as as twin ?,No,thanhim..YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。 YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday..我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。 IasasMike..Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的，他和我跑得一樣快。Tomthanyou?No,he.Heasas.令in、同步練習(xí)( )1.IfIhad,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough( )2.Theseorangestaste.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell( )3.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard.A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice( )4.Iwouldbe,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpful( )5.ThoseT-shirtsareusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)priceof$19intheshoppingcenter.A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinary( )6.Mr.Smithboughtapurseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather( )7. Howwasyourjobinterview? Oh,Icouldn't'tfeel.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happier( )8.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink?A.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly( )9. CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish? IregrettotellyouherEnglishis yours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchas( )10.Althoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehim forit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.noless( )11.Whentheycamein,Mr.Harris likeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleep( )12.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedgraintheydidlastyear.A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；than( )13. CanIhelpyou? Well,I'mafraidtheboxisheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too( )14. Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum? Ithoroughlyenjoyit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinteresting

C.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting( )15. Wouldyoulikesomewine? Yes,just.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit( )16.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it’sbyroad.A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker( )17.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime( )18.I'msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an) trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple( )19.Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechoseoneasshedidn'twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive( )20.boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya加油站A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya加油站( )1.Toplantthetree,wemustdig.A.athreefeetdeepholeB.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeepD.athree-feet-deephole( )2.Ithinkheisoneofthebestmenyou'vefound.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.once( )3.theboy,sgrown!Heisalmosthisfather.A.What,astallasB.What,tallerthanC.How,astallasD.How,tallerthan( )4.Ihaven,tgotnailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbigB.bigenoughC.muchbiggerD.manyenough( )5.Henryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellasB.nolessthanC.andstillmoreD.andstillless( )6.—Thedishisdelicious!—Well,atleastit'stheoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellasD.nobetterthan( )7.—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?—Yes.Youcouldn'thopeforatthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.anicerdayD.thenicestday( )8.ItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.bestB.goodC.wellD.worse( )9.Withthehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproducedVCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethanC.astwicemanyD.twiceasmany( )10.Ihadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame.A.morethanB.asmanyC.asmuchD.lessthan( )11.—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemalastnight?—Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farlessB.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurther( )