Chapter Six International Trade Practice經貿英語 國際貿易實務

ChapterSix

InternationalTradePractice國際貿易實務TextAIncoterms2010

TeachingobjectivesTomasterIncoterms2010Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesIncoterms2010SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

definev.下定義;規(guī)定,使明確

deliverv.遞送,交付,使分娩;投遞,傳送

prioradj.優(yōu)先的；占先的

versionn.版本；譯文，譯本；說法

frontiern.邊疆，邊境；adj.邊疆的，邊界的；新墾地的，邊地的；開拓的WordsandExpressionsquayn.碼頭，埠頭

categoryn.類型，部門，種類，類別，類目；［邏，哲］范疇；體重等級

regardlessof不顧，不管

moden.方式；狀況；時尚，風尚；調式

premisesn.(pl)房屋連同附屬建筑和土地；房產WordsandExpressionsmaximumn.最大量，最大數adj.最多的

obligationn.(法律或道義上的)義務，職責，責任

destinationn.目的地

explicitadj.

(指陳述)明白表示的，明確的；（指人）說話明白正確的

tothis/thateffect有這個/那個意思或信息WordsandExpressionshandover交出；交付；交給；讓與

terminaln.終端；終點站；航站樓

exceptfor除……之外（但……不包括在內）

assumev.承擔，擔任

inlandadj.內地的，內陸的；國內的adv.向內地，在內地；向內陸，在內陸n.內地，內陸；國內WordsandExpressionsalongsideprep.在……旁邊；橫靠；傍著adv.在……的側面；在……旁邊；與……并排

containern.集裝箱，貨柜

bulkn.（大）體積；大塊，大量；大多數，大部分adj.大批的，大量的；散裝的

vesseln.容器；船，飛船；血管，管束

nominatev.指定（時間、日期、名稱等）;提名……為候選人；任命；挑選

applicableadj.適當的；可應用的Para.1Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).Inthepriorversion,therulesweredividedintofourcategories,butthe11pre-definedtermsofIncoterms2010aresubdividedintotwocategoriesbasedonlyonmethodofdelivery.Thelargergroupofsevenrulesappliesregardlessofthemethodoftransport,withthesmallergroupoffourbeingapplicableonlytosalesthatsolelyinvolvetransportationoverwater.NoteforUnderstandingPara.12.Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).此長句的主句為Incoterms2010defines11rules，theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms作Incoterms2010的同位語，reducing…為現在分詞短語作狀語。全句意為：第八套業(yè)已定義并出版的術語——《2010年國際貿易術語解釋通則》定義了11條規(guī)則，它引入了兩條新規(guī)則：終點站交貨（DAT）和目的地交貨（DAP），代替《2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則》中的邊境交貨（DAF）、船邊交貨（DES）、目的港交貨（DEQ）和未完稅交貨（DDU）4條規(guī)則，從而將《2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則》的13條規(guī)則減少（到11條）。Para.2and3RulesforAnyMode(s)ofTransport

ThesevenrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010foranymode(s)oftransportationare:

EXW—ExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableatitspremises.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremises(works,factory,warehouse,plant)onthedateagreedupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.Ifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatthebuyer’sriskandcost.Ifpartieswishthesellertoberesponsiblefortheloadingofthegoodsondepartureandtobeartheriskandallcostsofsuchloading,thismustbemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothiseffectinthecontractofsale.Para.4,5and6FCA—FreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellerhandsoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothedisposalofthefirstcarrier(namedbythebuyer)atthenamedplace.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedpointofdelivery,andriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.

CPT—CarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriage.Risktransferstothebuyeruponhandinggoodsovertothefirstcarrier.

CIP—CarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriageandinsurancetothenameddestinationpoint,butriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.Para.7,8and9DAT—DeliveredatTerminal(namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

DAP—DeliveredatPlace(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedplace,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallriskspriortothepointthatthegoodsarereadyforunloadingbythebuyer.

DDP—DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer.NoteforUnderstandingPara.7,8and93.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

此句為and連接的并列句。第一個分句中含有由exceptfor引導的介詞短語，在分句中作狀語。全句意為：賣方支付（貨物）到目的地的運費（進口清關費用除外），并承擔貨物在目的地卸下之前的一切風險。

4.Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.

此句為and連接的并列句。全句意為：賣方負責將貨物運至買方所在國家的指定目的地，并支付將貨物運至目的地的包括進口關稅在內的一切費用。Para.10and11RulesforSeaandInlandWaterwayTransport

ThefourrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010forinternationaltradewheretransportationisentirelyconductedbywaterare:

FAS—FreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustplacethegoodsalongsidetheshipatthenamedport.Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportbutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thistermistypicallyusedforheavy-liftorbulkcargo.Para.12FOB—FreeonBoard(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustloadthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyer.Costandriskaredividedwhenthegoodsareactuallyonboardofthevessel(thisruleisnew!).Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ThetermisapplicableformaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlybutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thebuyermustinstructthesellerthedetailsofthevesselandtheportwherethegoodsaretobeloaded,andthereisnoreferenceto,orprovisionfor,theuseofacarrierorforwarder.ThistermhasbeengreatlymisusedoverthelastthreedecadeseversinceIncoterms1980explainedthatFCAshouldbeusedforcontainershipments.Para.13and14CFR—CostandFreight(namedportofdestination)

Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreighttobringthegoodstotheportofdestination.However,riskistransferredtothebuyeroncethegoodsareloadedonthevessel(thisruleisnew!).ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportandinsuranceforthegoodsisNOTincluded.ThistermisformerlyknownasCNF(C&F).

CIF—Cost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)

ItisexactlythesameasCFRexceptthatthesellermustinadditionprocureandpayfortheinsurance.Itissuitableonlyformaritimetransport.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.maritime

2.onboard

3.theseller

4.to

5.that

III.

1.Thepowersofajudgearedefinedbylaw.

2.Ishallhavetodeclineyourinvitationbecauseofapriorengagement.

3.Hecontinuedspeaking,regardlessofmyfeelingsonthematter.

4.Thefirmislookingforlargerpremises.

5.Thishallholdsamaximumofseventypeople.

IV.

1. 你沒有義務為沒有訂購的貨付款。

2. 他叫我滾出去，或說了這種意思的話。

3. 這頓飯非常好，只是第一道菜差一些。

4. 車靠著道邊停了下來。

5. 這些麻袋不易搬運，不是因為它們重而是因為它們的體積太大。TextBCargoInsuranceGuide

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheCargoInsuranceTeachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesCargoInsuranceSkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

cargon.貨物，船貨

insurancen.保險；保險費；保險契約；賠償金

guiden.指南；向導；入門書

transportv.運輸n.運輸；運輸機

indemnifyv.賠償；保護；使免于受罰WordsandExpressionsmarineadj.船舶的；海運的n.海運業(yè)；艦隊；水兵

commencev.開始；著手，使……開始

encounterv.遭遇，邂逅；遇到n.遭遇，偶然碰見

invoicen.發(fā)票；發(fā)貨單v.開發(fā)票；記清單

transhipmentn.轉載，［水運］轉船WordsandExpressionsautomaticallyadv.自動地；機械地；無意識地

beneficialadj.有益的，有利的

contingentadj.因情況而異的；不一定的；可能的；偶然的；［邏］有條件的n.分遣隊；偶然事件

unobtainableadj.難獲得的；不能得到的

innocentadj.無辜的；無罪的；無知的n.天真的人

externaladj.外部的；表面的n.外部；外觀Para.1,2and3Whatiscargoinsurance?

Cargoinsuranceisaninsurancepolicytakenuptoprotectagainstlossofordamagetoyourgoodswhiletheyarebeingtransported.

Thepolicyismeanttoindemnifyyouifthereisanylossordamagetoyourcargo.Cargoinsurancewouldcoverthegoodswhiletheyarebeingtransportedoversea,airandland(includesparcelpostandcarryingsbycourierservice).

Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.ⅠⅠⅠⅠNoteforUnderstandingPara.1,2and32. Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.

此句主句為“it...includes...”，“although”引導的分句表示轉折，位于句首。全句意為：盡管人們有時使用“水運貨物保險”這一術語，但實際上它還包括陸上運輸保險，從貨物離開儲運地開始直到貨物被運抵目的地倉庫。Para.4,5and6WhyshouldIbuyOceanCargoInsurance?

Whilephysicaldamageontransitclaimsmaynotbeaproblem,importersandexportersshouldbeawarethatover50voyagesayearencounterheavyweatherwhereshippingcontainersarelostoverboard.

Duetotheinternationalpolicyallshipperswithsafe-landedcargocontributingtothelosswillrequirethattheownerofthegoodseitherputupacashsecurity,postabondorwillbeunabletohavethegoodsreleasedfromthecarrieruntilafinancialguaranteeisgiventorespondforthecontribution.

Withanopencargopolicy,theinsurancecompanywillpostthebondandensurethespeedyreleaseonowners’cargo.Para.7,8and9HowmuchinsurancedoIneedtobuy?

Thestandardpracticeistocovertheinvoicecostplusfreightplusapercentagetocovertheanticipatedprofit(normally10%to20%isadequate).

Thelargestshipmentanticipatedwiththeaddedfreightandthepercentageofadvanceaddedisnormallythepolicylimit.

TheshipmentscanbereportedmonthlytotheCompanyandbilledattheendofeachmonth,sounlikepropertypolicies,thecargopolicycanbeissuedona“pay-as-you-go”basis.Para.10,11and12Whatisthedifferencebetweenasinglevoyagepolicyandopencover?

SingleVoyagePolicy

Thisisthemostpopularformofcargoinsurancecover.Avoyagepolicy,asitsnameimplies,offerscoverageforaparticularvoyageforwhichistakenup.

Itofferscoveragefromthetimethecargoleavestheseller,whileitisintransitanduntilitreachesthebuyer.

Often,theportofloading,transhipmentanddischargearealsorequiredtobedisclosedintheproposalform.Para.13,14and15OpenCover

Anopencoverisnotaninsurancepolicy.Itisactuallyanagreementbetweentheinsuredandtheinsurancecompanytoinsurealltheshipmentswhichfallwithinthetermsandconditionsagreedbybothparties.

Thesetermsandconditionswhichareagreedinadvanceincludedetailsofvoyages,maximumvalueofcargoescarriedinanyoneshipment,natureofcargoandpackagingandratesapplicable.Theinsuredwouldthenhavetodeclarehisshipmentstotheinsureronanindividualormonthlybasis.

Aslongasthedetailsoftheshipmentcomewithinthetermsandconditionsoftheopencoveragreement,theshipmentisautomaticallycovered.Para.16,17and18Theinsurerisalsoobligedtoacceptalldeclarationsmadebytheinsuredundertheopenpolicyiftheycomeunderthetermsandconditionsoftheopencover.

Theopencoverisespeciallybeneficialtothosewhoshipgoodsfrequentlyasitsavesthemtheneedtoapplyforcargoinsuranceforeachoftheirshipments.

Therewouldalsobenoneedtowaitfortheseindividualpoliciestobeapprovedbecause,asmentioned,allshipmentsareautomaticallyapprovediftheycomewithinthetermsoftheopencoverandadeclarationismadefortheshipment.Para.19IfIbuyontermsofsalewhereIamnotresponsibletoinsurethegoods,howcanIinsurethegoods?

IfyouarethebuyerandareimportinggoodsfromoverseasontermsofsalessuchasCIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)3,whereyouarenotrequiredtoinsurethegoods,youmaystillhavea“contingent”exposurethatyoucouldcoverifthesellerplacedcoveragethatwas“l(fā)imited”andnotofferingthebroadtermsavailableintheinsurancemarketplaceinyourcountry.NoteforUnderstandingPara.193. CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)成本，保險費加運費

指賣方在裝運港船上交貨或以取得已這樣交付貨物的方式交貨。貨物滅失或損壞的風險在貨物交到船上時轉移。賣方須訂立運輸合同，或者證明其已取得一份這樣的合同，并支付必要的成本和運費（向買方提交提單或海運單等），將貨物運至指定的目的港。賣方須訂立貨物在運輸途中由買方承擔的貨物滅失或損壞風險的保險合同。買方須知曉在此規(guī)則下賣方有義務投保的險別僅是最低保險險別。如買方希望得到更為充分的保險保障，則需與賣方明確地達成協議或者自行做出額外的保險安排。Para.20,21and22Whyisn’tthis“cargo”exposurecoveredbymyotherpolicies?

Cargoinsuranceismuchdifferentthanotherliabilityorpropertypolicies,thescopeisinternationalandtheextensionsofcoverageavailablearespecifictotheindustryandbroaderthanotherlinesofinsurance.

AnexampleofanextensionthatisunobtainableinotherlinesofbusinessisWarRiskCoverage.

The“cargoinsurance”isinternationalandallcoverageshavebeencreatedtogivetheinnocentshipperorimporterthebroadestprotectionavailablefrommostexternalcausesofloss.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.to

2.commencing

3.released

4.plus

5.basis

III.

1. Thesalvageoftheshipandcargowasunderway.

2. PleasequoteuspricesincludinginsuranceandfreighttoVancouver.

3. Weencountersomanyproblemsinourwork.

4. ShipmentistobemadebeforetheendofthisyearfromQingdaotoLondon,allowingpartialshipmentandtranshipment.

5. Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.

IV.

1.若因甲方原因造成工作的延誤，將由甲方承擔相應的損失賠償。

2.發(fā)展中經濟體，如墨西哥和巴西，將在2040至2045年左右開始減排。

3.我們可以直接從發(fā)票金額中扣除傭金或在付款后匯給你方。4.這個框架將自動地查找并執(zhí)行文件，而不需要任何手動干預。

5.下一步付款須視完工日期是否令人滿意而定。TextCLetterofCredit(L/C)

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheLetterofCredit(L/C)Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesLetterofCredit(L/C)SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressionsletterofcredit信用證

legaladj.合法的

instructv.指示,通知

notifyv.通報

shippingdocuments裝運單據WordsandExpressionsinvoicen.發(fā)票,發(fā)貨單

inorder整齊,狀況完好

advantageousadj.有利的

negotiatev.(與某人)商議,談判，議付

discountn.折扣openaccount未清結的賬目，往來賬戶WordsandExpressions

eliminatev.排除,消除

documentarycollection跟單托收

draftn.匯票

releasev.釋放，放出，公布specifyv.具體說明，詳述

inthepositionof處在……位置上Para.1ALetterofCreditisalegaldocumenttoarrangepaymentbetweenanimporterandexporter.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.NotesforUnderstandingPara.12.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.

Confidence后跟同位語從句theimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet。全句意為：讓出口商對進口商支付貨物款項有信心，同時讓進口商確信只有在信用證里列出的條款都履行后貨款才支付給出口商。Para.2Oncetheletterofcredithasbeendrawnupandtheapplicationisaccepted,theimporterinstructsthebanktotransferthepaymenttotheexporter.Theimporter’sbankpassesthisinformationtotheexporter’sbank,whothennotifiestheexporterthatpaymenthasbeenarranged.Theexportersendsoutthegoodsandlaterpresentstheinvoicesandshippingdocumentstothebankinordertoreceivepayment.Thereisnoriskinvolvedwiththeexporterreceivingpaymentaslongasthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenfollowed.Para.3,4and5Fortheimporter,theLetterofCreditensuresthat:

●Paymenttotheexporterwillonlybemadeafterthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenmet.

●Thedocuments,whichhavebeenreviewedbythebank’sexperiencedstaff,areinorder.

●Theexporterisassuredoftheimporter’sabilitytopayand,asaresult,abetterpriceandmoreadvantageoustermsofpaymentmaybeoffered.Para.6Becausetherearenocontrolsoverthequalityofthegoods,youmustknowyoursupplier.Withthesupportofaletterofcredit,animportercantrytonegotiateanagreementwiththesuppliertoallowsixdaysforinspectionofthegoods.Withthisflexibility,thegoodscanbereturnedoradiscountcanberequested.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.Iftheimporterneeds60daystosellthegoods,itmustbestatedupfrontandnegotiatedwiththeexporterastheexporterwilllikelybechargedinterest.NoteforUnderstandingPara.63.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.

Stipulation后跟同位語從句thatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations。全句意為：進口時還規(guī)定貨物必須通過必要的官方檢查或達到相應標準對進口商是非常有利的。Para.7,8and9AlternativestotheLetter