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入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一（科目代碼答題前，考生須在試題冊指定位置上填寫考生和考生編號(hào)；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報(bào)考單位、考生和考生編號(hào)，并涂寫考生編號(hào)信息點(diǎn)?？忌毎言囶}冊上的“試卷?xiàng)l形碼”粘貼條取下，粘貼在答題卡的“試卷?xiàng)l形碼粘貼位置”框中。不按規(guī)定粘貼條形碼而影響評(píng)卷結(jié)果的，責(zé)任由考生自負(fù)。選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的選項(xiàng)上，非選擇題的答案必須書寫在答題卡指定位置的邊框區(qū)域內(nèi)。超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試題冊上答題無效。填（書）寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆或者鋼筆書寫，字跡工整、筆跡清楚；涂寫部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。 UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Auniversityeducationcostsafortune.StudentloandebtinAmericahasbeenrisingrapidlyinaneffortto1withtheexpense.8.9%ofhouseholdshadstudentdebtin1989.In2007,2,thesharehadrisento16%.Tomakemattersworsenewgraduatesfaceaslackjobmarketwhichcould3theirearningsfordecades.4,thecostofdropoutmaybeevenlarger.StudentsinCaliforniahaveaproposal.5chargingtuition,they’dlikepublicuniversitiesinCaliforniatotake5%oftheirsalaryforthefirsttwentyyearsfollowinggraduation.6,ratherthantakingondebtstudentswouldliketosellequityintheirfutureearnings.Thismeansstudentswhomakemoremoneyaftergraduationwill7lower-earningItisnotclearifthiswillprovideadequate8fortheuniversity.Italsomeanstheuniversitybearsmorerisk,9thetuitionitwillultimayreceiveisuncertain.Moreover,degreesthat10ahighervalueinthelabourmarket,likeengineering,willcostmorethanotherdegrees,liketheatrearts.Facultyinhigh-valuefields11togetpaidmore.Perhapssomeofthatcostshouldbepassed12tothestudents.Incentiveswouldalsochange;maybeuniversitydepartmentswould emoreinvestedin13 successfulgraduates.Butthismight14 themissionofAmericanuniversities,whichistoprovideawell-roundedliberalartseducation.Ifuniversitiesemore ,willlow-yielding,butsociallyvaluablefieldslike shortofresources?Tosomedegree,theuniversity-for-allmodelalreadyunderminesourideal17ofuniversity.18moreofthepopulationgoesuniversity,andmustpayforit,moreelusivesubjects19 elesspopular.Still,it’saninterestingproposalto therisingcostofhighereducation.[A]come [B]put [C]keep [D]fill[A]as [B]by [C]inconsequence[D]by[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]Sooner [B]Other [C]Rather [D]Better[A]Simultaneously[B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]turn [B]put [C]end [D]sum[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]SectionReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextThreehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphlets,newslettersandbroadsides.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareverycommodiousforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasyrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,theSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.Now,asourspecialreportexplains,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.TheInternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,social,diverseandpartisan,revivingthediscursivecharacteristicsoftheerabeforemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.ButthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichOverthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeeupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.letspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classified sarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.Mobile-phonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownonevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.Technologyfirmsincluding,andhave eimportantconduitsofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“openernment”initiatives.TheInternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstositessuchastheHuffingtonPost,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpractisedbyWikiLeaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstos.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets,liketheBBC.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Asproducersofnewjournalism,theycanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbecatholicintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheageoftheInternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.EnjoyThelaunchoftheSunisciteddemonstratetheemergenceofbigmassmediaindicatetheinfluenceofadvertisinginillustratethepopularityoflow-costshowthewaynewstravelshasThe“coffeehouse”inParagraph2refersthechangingcharacteristicsofnewsthemorediversifiedmeansofnewstheparticipatorynatureofthemorevariedsourcesofAccordingtoParagraphs3and4,theposesthreatstothetraditionalschemesthereturntocoffee-houseprovidespeoplewithaccesstogivesordinarypeoplethechancetodistributeTheword“conduits”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyWhat’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsnewOptimisticandSupportiveandDoubtfulandAmbiguousandTextInjustafewshortyears,e-bookshavegonefromfringeproducttomainstayofthepublishingindustry,explodinginpopularityinvarietiesrangingfromromancetomilitaryButthefightoverhowmuchtheyshouldcostconsumersisfarfromAninvestigationbytheJusticeDepartmentofpricingcollusionbetweenAppleandelectronicbookpublishershasbeenbuildinginrecentmonthsasantitrustofficialshavepressuredfivemajorpublisherstoreachasettlement,threateningtosuethemonchargesofworkingtogethertoraisethepriceofe-books,peoplewithknowledgeoftheinquirysaidThursday.Thedisputecentersonapricingpolicythatmanyinthepublishingindustryconsidercriticaltoitssurvivalase-books eanincreasinglylargeshareofthemarket.Andbecauseelectronicbooksaresonew,thecoststructureisanemergingissueonwhichthereislittlehistorytoprovideguidanceandmanydiverginginterests.Amongthepublishersbeinginvestigated—PenguinGroupUSA,HachetteBookGroup,HarperCollins,Simon&SchusterandMacmillan—severalsaidpriva Thursdaythattheyhadengagedinnegotiationswiththe ernmentformonths.Buttherearevaryinglevelsofagreementonhowmanyconcessionstomake.AndnotallofthepublishersarenegotiatingwiththeJusticeDepartment.AllfivedeclinedtocommentpubliclyonThereisgeneralagreementamongthem,however,thatitisvitallyimportanttoretainthecurrentmodel,whichallowspublisherstosettheirownpricesfore-booksastheyfaceanaggressivechallengefromAmazoninthebookmarket.Onepublishingexecutivewithknowledgeofthesituation,whoinsistedonanonymitysoasnottoupsetcontinuingnegotiations,saidthatinvestigatorshadexpressedinterestinfindingwaystoexpandthecurrentsystem,knownastheagencymodel,andnotdiscarditentirely.Ifthatsystemweretodisappear,itwouldbegoodnewstoAmazon,saidMikeShatzkin,chiefexecutiveoftheIdeaLogicalCompany,whichadvisesbookpublishersondigitalchange,addingthatitwouldbe“essentiallybadnewsforjustabouteverybodyelseinthebookbusiness.”“Ultimay,thatwouldmeanthatthepriceofbooksisgoingtocomedownandtheamountofmoneythatauthorscanearnisgoingtocomedown,”Mr.ShatzkinAnynewlimitsonagencypricingcouldalsobenefittheconsumer,however,ifitallowedAmazontoofferlowerpricesfore-booksagain.InDecember,SharisA.Pozen,theactingdirectoroftheJusticeDepartment’santitrustdivision,confirmedtoaHouse mitteethatthedepartmentwasinvestigatingtheelectronicbookindustry.Ms.PozenalsosaidthattheEuropeanCommissionandstateattorneysgeneralwerelookingintothematter.Adayearlier,onDec.6,thecompetitioncommitteeoftheEuropeanUnionsaidthatitwasconductinganinvestigationofAppleandfivepublishersoverwhethertheyhadmadeillegalagreementstorestrictpricingone-books.TheJusticeDepartmentlaunchedtheinvestigationtherequestofthepressurefromtheEuropeanthedisagreementamongelectronicbookthepricingcollusionbetweenAppleande-bookAccordingtothetext,thecurrentbookbusinessseemstohaveproblemswithpricingsalesbooktechnicalAccordingtoMikeShatzkin,ifthecurrentsalessystemtheauthors eAmazonwillsufferagreattheconsumerswillbenefitfromeveryoneinthebookbusiness eItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatafterthethepublisherswillbecautiousinApplewillstopinvestinginthebookthecurrentsalessystemwillchangeaAmazonwillsetpricesforitsowne-Themainideaofthispassageisthediverginginterestsinthebook thepricingbattleamongelectronicbookthedisadvantagesofthecurrentsalessystemofthebookTextProfessionalsusetheword“amateur”asatermofderisionforthosewholackformaltrainingandqualifications.Butsuchcondescensionisamistake.Onedaythatamateurmightjustcreateanewindustry.Afterall,almostallentrepreneursembodytheamateurspirit,startingasatinkerer,runningamarketstallorwritingcomputercode.Thereisnoguildofentrepreneurs,andnoprotectivebodythatsetsstandards.Insteadthereisthefree-for-allofthemarket,abattlefieldwhereonlythefittestsurvive.Thislackofarigidstructureisahealthystateofaffairs.Breakingdownbarriers erscreatesamoredynamicandfluidorder.Foramateursdon’tsufferfromthehierarchyandexclusionofalltheself-importantprofessions,frommedicinetoarchitecturetoacademia. Typicalamateursarefreetoinventastheyplease,trynewideas,fail,andgetupanddoitallagain—butbetter.AsMarshallMcLuhan,themediatheorist,said:“Amateurscanaffordtolose.”Theyareself-improvers,chasingadreamratherthanalaborious,life-longcareerwithinaclique.Amateurscandoitpart-time,forcharityorforfun.Theoldcarsarebeingbypassedthankstotechnologicaladvancesandamoreinformalsociety.NoweveryonecanDIYandexperiment—frombloggingtofilm-makingtoonlineadviceshops.ThankstotheInternet,wecanallbecompetentamateursatalmosteverything.Themysteries,jargonandinsularityoftheself-satisfiedoldcraftsarerevealedforalltosee.Theworldisvastlymorecomplexnow,butthatmeanseventhemostreveredprofessionalneedsexperthelp.Theendoftheageofcompliancemeanswenolongerholdelitessuchasjudgesandbankersinsuchawe.Forcenturiestheclub-likeprofessionalbodieshaveheldsocietyintheirthrall,aformoffreemasonryforthewell-educatedandconnected.CharlesLeadbeaterhaswrittenpersuasivelyabouttheimportanceofseriousamateurs,or“pro-ams”,whohavehelpedintroduceradicalinnovationstothemainstream.Thesepassionateconsumerscollaboratetogivedisruptiveideascriticalmass—whichiswhathappenedwithmountainbikes.Meanwhile,bigcompaniesstrugglewithtrulynovelbreakthroughs,becausetheynaturallywanttoreinforcepastsuccess—andcannotaffordpublicfailures.Socialenterprisesaredominatedbyenthusiasticamateurswhosepriorityistoimprovetheworldratherthanbillclients.AmongthegreatestcollaborativeachievementsoftheInternetagehavebeenWikipediaandLinux.Itissurprisingtherehaven’tbeenmorecrowd-sourcedsuccesses.Perhapsventureshavebeentooanarchic,andlackedtheleadershipnecessaryforanycomplicatedprojecttocometofruition.Nevertheless,Ishowmyadmirationsforthegiftedamateurs.Theyrepresenttheultimatemeritocracy.Idon’tdenytheimportanceofeducation,butIplacegreateremphasisonresultsandoriginality,asopposedtodoctoratesandmembershipsofprofessionalbodies.Theyarealltoooftenfocusedonentrenchingprivilegeandstatusratherthanthepublicgood.Intheopeningparagraph,professionalsarecharacterizedasWhatdoesMarshallMcLuhanmeanby“Amateurscanaffordtolose”(Line3,Para.4)?Amateursignoretherisksposedbystart-upAmateursarecourageousenoughtochallengeAmateursholdtheadvantageofpullresourcesAmateursareresponsiblefortheirownsuccessorAccordingtoParagraph5,thelessensamateurs’respectformakesprofessionalslosedominanceoverdeprivesexpertsofabsoluteexposestraditionalindustriestoItcanbeinferredfromParagraph7thatcompaniesbeconvertedintosocialrecruitenthusiastictakeadvantageofcollectivecenteraroundcomplexWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheDiscardtheDerision,SolutetheStatusInequality:AmateursUnderProfessionalsvs.Amateurs:EnemiesorTheRiseofthe“PrefessionalTextCanwehaveourfishandeatittoo?Anunusualcollaborationofmarineecologistsandfisheriesmanagementscientistssaystheanswermaybeyes.InaresearchpaperinFriday’sissueofthejournalScience,thetwogroups,longatoddswitheachother,offeraglobalassessmentoftheworld’ssaltwaterfishandtheirenvironments.Theirconclusionsareatoncegloomy—overfishingcontinuestothreatenmanyspecies—andupbeat:acombinationofstepscanturnthingsaround.Butbecauseantagonismbetweenecologistsandfisheriesmanagementexpertshasbeenintense,manyfamiliarwiththestudysaythemostimportantfactoristhatitwasdoneatall.Theysaytheyhopethestudywillinspiresimilarcollaborationsbetweenscientistswhosefocusissafelyexploitingspecificnaturalresourcesandthoseinterestedmainlyinconservingthem.“Weneedtomergethosetwocommunities,”saidafisheriesscientist.“Thispaperstartstobridgethatgap.”Thecollaborationbeganin2006whenBorisWorm,amarineecologistatDalhousieUniversity,andotherscientistsmadeanalarmingprediction:ifcurrenttrendscontinue,by2048overfishingwillhavedestroyedmostcommerciallyimportantpopulationsofsaltwaterfish.Ecologistsapplaudedthework.Butamongfisheriesmanagementscientists,reactionsrangedfromskepticismtofuryoverwhatmanycalledanalarmistreport.AmongthemostprominentcriticswasRayHilborn,aprofessorofaquaticandfisherysciencesattheUniversityofWashington.Yetthedisagreementdidnotplayoutintypicalscientificfashionwith,asDr.Hilbornputit,“researchersfiringcriticalpapersbackandforth.”Instead,heandDr.WormfoundthemselvesdebatingtheissueonNationalPublicRadio.“Westartedtalkingandfoundmorecommongroundthanwehadexpected,”Dr.Wormsaid.Dr.HilbornrecalledthinkingthatDr.Worm“actuallyseemedlikea .”Thetwodecidedtoworktogetherontheissue.Theynowunderstoodwhytheecologistsandthemanagementscientistsdisagreedsosharplyinthefirstplace.Foronething,aslongasafishspecieswassustainingitself,managementscientistswererelativelyuntroubledifitsabundancefelltoonly40or50percentofwhatitmightotherwisebe.Yettoecologists,suchastockwouldbecharacterizedas“depleted”—“averypejorativeword.”Buttheyalsoagreedthatfishinwell-managedareaswererecoveringorngwell.Theywrotethatmanagementtechniqueslikeclosingsomeareastofishing,restrictingtheuseofcertainfishinggearorallocatingsharesofthecatchtoindividualfishermen,communitiesorotherscouldallowdepletedfishstockstorebound.Theresearcherssuggestthatumsustainableyieldislessusefulthanastandardthattakesintoaccountthehealthofthewidermarineenvironment.Theyalsoagreedthatsolutionsdidnotlieonlyinmanagementtechniquesbutalsointhepoliticalwilltoapplythem,eveniftheyinitiallycausedeconomicdisruption.Becausethenewpaperrepresentstheviewsofbothcamps,itsconclusionslikelytobeinfluential,Dr.Murawskisaid.“Gettingastrongstatementfromthosecommunitiesthatthereismoretoagreeonthantodisagreeonbuildsconfidence.”ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstthreeparagraphsfishstockisamatterofconcerntotheconclusionsdrawnfromthepaperarethedisagreementbetweenthetwocommunitiesexistsforthecooperationbetweenthetwocommunitiesisTheunderlinedphrase“thatgap”inParagraph4refersageofinterest.physicalTheecologistsandthefisheriesscientistsareinstrongoppositionintheirhorizonsarenarrowedbyresearchtheyaresensitivetocriticismfromtheirtheyholddifferentassessmentstandardsoftheydismisseachother’sviewsasDr.WormandDr.HilbornwouldmostlikelyagreegoodmanagementtechniqueshelprecoverfishcertainfishingequipmentsshouldbeumsustainableyieldisnolongersolutionsrestonsomepoliticalHowdoDr.MurawskifeelabouttheconclusionsdrawnfromthenewPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41—45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA—Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Insomewaysthepainprovedevengreaterthanystsexpected.Circulationhasdroppedalarmingly.Yetalmostallnewspapershavesurvived,althoughwithoccasionalhelpfromthebankruptcycourts.Steepcover-priceriseshavehelped.Butforthemostpartnewspapershavecuttheirwayoutofcrisis.Somecompaniesarenowworthtentimesasmuchasinthespringof2009,althoughtheyremainfarfromprerecessionheights.InAmericamanynewspapershavechosenlocalnewsandsport,leavingeverythingelsetobiggeroutfitsortowireserviceslikeTheAssociatedPress.Severalofthemnowrefusetodeliverpaperstoreadersfarfromtheurbancore.Suchreadersareexpensivetoreachandlessattractingtoadvertisers.Papersarealsocourtingsmalllocalbusinesseswithtechnologythatallowsthemtodesigntheirownadscheaply.Inshort,metropolitannewspapersareturningintocitynewspapers.Thatmayhelptheminthelongterm.JimChisholm,anewspaperyst,pointsoutthatsmalllocalpapershavefaredbetterthanlargerregionalonesinmanycountries,includingAmerica.Thesurvivalofnewspapersisbynomeansguaranteed.Theystillfacebigstructuralobstacles:itremainsunclear,forexample,whethertheyoungwillpayfornewsinanyform.Buttherecessionbroughtoutanimpressiveandunexpectedabilitytoadapt.Ifnewspaperscankeepthatupinbettertimes,theymaybeabletocontemplatemorethanmeresurvival.Anotherunexpectedboonisthatspendingonpaper—thesecondbiggestexpenseatmanyfirms,afterstaffpay—hasfallenbyasmuchas40%.Asharpglobalcommoditiesdecreasedepressedprices.Newspapercompaniesareusinglessofthestuff,printingfewerwordsonsmaller,thinnerpages.ParticularlyonMondays,papersareoftensolightthattheyarehardtoflingfromacarorbicycletoadoorstep.Thepossibilitythatpaperpriceswillroarbackastheworldeconomyacceleratesisonlyonedangerfacingnewspaperfirms.Theycouldbecrippledbytheirpensionliabilities.Readersmaysuddenlyhesitateoverpayinghigherpricesforthinnerproducts.Yetitisalsopossiblethatadvertisingwillbegintorecoverfromseverelydepressedlevels.Ifthathappens,profitmarginswillinflatequickly.Thatemphasisongivingreaderswhattheywanttoread,asopposedtowhatloftynotionsofcivicresponsibilitysuggesttheyoughttoread,ispartofaglobaltrend.Newspapersare ingmoredistinctiveandcustomer-focused.Newspaperownersandeditorsaretryingtoidentifydistinctivestrengthsandinvestingwhatmoneytheyhaveinthoseareas.Newspaperpublishershopethatthisemphasisondistinctivecontentmayeasethemovefromprinttodigitaldistribution.Whethertheplatformisasmart-phone,atabletcomputerliketheiPadortheopenInternet,thekeytosuccessformostpublicationswillbeadualrevenuestream.Justastheydooffline,newspaperswillhavetobringinbothadvertisingandpayingreaders.Sofarthefewthathavepersuadedreaderstopayfornewsonlinetendtohaveareputationfordistinctivecoverage.TheFinancialTimesandtheWallStreetJournalhaveleadingpositionsinbusinessandfinancialnews,andsuccessfulpay-walls.Smallerpaperswilltrytoexploittheiradvantagesinsuchareasaslocalsport.Ayearagothemeresurvivalofmanynewspapersseemeddoubtful.It eclearthattheyoung,inparticular,weregettingmuchoftheirnewsonline.Readerswereflittingfromstorytostory,rarelypaying.Advertisingtoowasmovingonline,butnottonewspapers’websites.Rather,itwasbeingswallowedbysearchengines.Theclassified-admarketwasdestroyedbyfreelistingswebsitesCEsuchasCraigslist.Adeeprecession,receivedwisdomhadit,wouldsurelyfinishoffnewspapers,whichhavehighfixedcostsintheformofjournalistsandprintingCE Part

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10 Theoriesofthevalueofartareoftwokinds,whichwemaycallextrinsicandintrinsic.Thefirstregardsartandtheappreciationofartasmeanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,whilethesecondregardsthemasvaluablenotinstrumentallybutasobjectsuntothemselves.Itischaracteristicofextrinsictheoriestolocatethevalueofartinitseffectsonthe whoappreciatesit.Artisheldtobeaformofeducation,perhapsaneducationoftheemotions.Inthiscase,it esanopenquestionwhethertheremightnotbesomemoreeffectivemeanstothesameresult.(46)Alternatively,onemayattributeanegativevaluetoart,asPlatodidinhisRepublic,arguingthatarthasacorruptingordiseducativeeffectonthoseexposedtoit.Theextrinsicapproach,adoptedinmoderntimesbyLeoTolstoyinWhatIsArt in1896,hasseldomseemedwhollysatisfactory.(47)Philosophershaveconstantlysoughtforavalueinaestheticexperiencethatisuniquetoitandthat,therefore,couldnotbeobtainedfromanyothersource.TheextremeversionofthisintrinsicapproachisthatassociatedwithWalterPater,OscarWilde,andtheFrenchSymbolists,andsummarizedintheslogan“artforart’ssake”.Suchthinkersandwritersbelievethatartisnotonlyanendinitselfbutalsoasufficientjustificationofitself.(48)Theyalsoholdthatinordertounderstandartasitshouldbeunderstood,itisnecessarytoputasideallinterestsotherthananinterestintheworkitself.Betweenthosetwoextremeviewstherelies,onceagain,ahostofintermediatepositions.(49)Webelieve,forexample,thatworksofartmustbeappreciatedfortheirownsake,butthat,intheactofappreciation,wegainfromthemsomethingthatisofindependentvalue.(50)Thusajokeislaughedatforitsownsake,eventhoughthereisanindependentvalueinlaughter,whichlightensourlivesbytakingusmomentarilyoutsideourselves.Whyshouldnotsomethingsimilarbesaidofworksofart,manyofwhichaspiretobeamusinginjustthewaythatgoodjokesare?SectionPartSupposethatyouareasecretaryoftheEnvironmentProtectionAssociationinyouruniversity.Writeanoticetoinformthestudentsandteachersofalectureonadvocatinglow-carboneconomy.Yournoticeshouldincludetheimportanceandbenefitoflow-carbonlife.Writeyournoticeinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)PartWriteanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20 Useof文章首句上大學(xué)要花一大筆錢?？崭袼诰涞闹鞣种v了的助學(xué)熱興起，根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，并且能與后面的with構(gòu)成搭配。根據(jù)該句的語義可知，學(xué)生迅速興起的目的就是讓學(xué)生能繼續(xù)支付學(xué)費(fèi)上學(xué)，而keepupwithsth.有“繼續(xù)支用”的意思，將[C]代入空格后所在句意為“為了能繼續(xù)支用，的助學(xué)迅速興起”。語義順暢，因此正確。[A]comeup、[B]putup[D]?llup三個(gè)選項(xiàng)with構(gòu)成搭配，但此三項(xiàng)代入空格后所在句分別意為“為了能拿出//填滿學(xué)費(fèi)”，均不符合文意，答案[D]by解析上文提到興起助學(xué)熱?？崭袼诰涞那耙痪洌?989年，8.9%的家庭有學(xué)?？崭袼诰洌?007年，這一比例增長到16%，顯然，空格處所填短語作插入語且與asusual通常置于句首或句末，[B]bychance表示一種偶然性，[C]inconsequence表結(jié)果，均答案[B]析的ich引導(dǎo)個(gè)語句，詞jobmart，格處填一個(gè)動(dòng)從后的terarings構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配?？崭袼诰涞闹骶洌盒庐厴I(yè)生一個(gè) 的就業(yè)市場，而空格所在的從句描述了這樣的市場對(duì)收入的影響，市場不景氣會(huì)使工資有所降低，瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，[B]depess有“減少（資”的思，合意，此確。A]suppes[C]oppress和[D]epress“新業(yè)就市場，斷//抑”，不符文意故排除。答案[A]解析空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞作狀語，空格后面的句子意為“輟學(xué)的代價(jià)可能會(huì)更大”?？崭袂懊妫簽榱酥Ц栋嘿F的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，很多家庭支付學(xué)費(fèi)，而現(xiàn)在就業(yè)市場不景氣，新畢業(yè)生可能會(huì)并不樂觀的收入。對(duì)比前后的內(nèi)容可知空格前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，因此[A]正確。[B]Therefore表結(jié)果，[C]Furthermore表遞進(jìn)，[D]Indeed表強(qiáng)調(diào)，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合[C]空格所在的第二段加利福尼亞州的學(xué)生提出了一項(xiàng)建議，并介紹了這議的內(nèi)容和可能產(chǎn)生的影響。空格所在句的后半句意為“他們想讓該州的公立大學(xué)從他們畢業(yè)后的前20年薪水中扣除5%”，空格后面的短語意為“收取學(xué)費(fèi)”，可見學(xué)生是想畢業(yè)之后交學(xué)費(fèi)，而不是在上學(xué)期間交，[C]Ratherthan意為“而不是”，符合此處的語義邏輯關(guān)系，因此正確。[A]Soonerthan和[DBetterthan分別是在速度上和程度上作比較，均不符合此處語境，可排除；[B]Otherthan意為“除了”，相當(dāng)except，代入后所在句意為“除了收取學(xué)費(fèi)外，還要從畢業(yè)后的薪水中扣”，顯然不符合及語境，可排除。[C]進(jìn)一步解釋說明，意為“學(xué)生們想出售他們以后薪水的而不是承擔(dān)”，[C]Essentially意為“本質(zhì)上”，符合上下文的語義銜接關(guān)系，因此正確。[A]Simultaneously表示兩件事情同時(shí)發(fā)生，而此處指的是同一件事情，可排除；[B]Presumably指發(fā)生的幾率，不符合此處的解釋關(guān)系，可排除；[D]Particularly表強(qiáng)調(diào)，也不符合此處的語義銜接關(guān)系，可排除?？崭袼诰渲饕v這項(xiàng)建議的一個(gè)潛在結(jié)果，即“收入高的畢業(yè)生將要7收入低的業(yè)生”，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生畢業(yè)后的工資有高有低，所以20年薪水5%也會(huì)有高有低，而收入高的本題可采用排除法解答。本句：這議能否為大學(xué)提供足夠的8尚不明確將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)依次代入空格只有[Arevenue收益符合文意因此[A]正確。[B]compensation、[C]funds[D]bene?ts代入空格后，所在句分別意為“這議能否為大學(xué)提供足夠的補(bǔ)償//獎(jiǎng)金尚不明確”，與文意不符，因此，均排除?？崭袂盀閮赏暾渥?，此，空格應(yīng)填詞。前半意為“這也意著學(xué)將承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，后半句意為“大學(xué)最終能收到的學(xué)費(fèi)不能確定”，根據(jù)句意可知前后，[B]，。[A]ntl，C]unless表?xiàng)l件]alhough，，，?？崭袼诰涞闹髡Zdegreesthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾，空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作從句謂語，[D]command意為“應(yīng)得，值得”，代入空格后意為“一些會(huì)在勞動(dòng)力市場上值更高的價(jià)值”，換句話說，這樣的含金量更高，語義銜接合理，正確。[A]demand、[B]動(dòng)力市場中要求//牽涉更高價(jià)值的”，語義不通，因此，均排除。

[A]空格所在句的前一句，就業(yè)市場中含金量高 要比其 花費(fèi)高，空格所句教含金量高的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的老師11得到更高的收入，后一句又這些成本可能12學(xué)生身上，結(jié)合句意，此處是指教這些專業(yè)的老師的薪水往往會(huì)更高。瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只[A符合文意，正確。[B]attempt、[C]happen[D]intend代入空格后分別意為“教含金量高的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的老師嘗試/碰巧/計(jì)劃得到更高的收入”，語義不通，因此，均排除。本題可結(jié)合上一題解答。上文提到教含金量高的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的老師收入會(huì)更高，而空格所在句意為“這些費(fèi)用的某些成本可能會(huì)12pass[]by、[C]down[Dup代入后符合語法要求，但語義不通，因此，均可排除本題可采用排除法解答?？崭袼诰湟鉃椤凹?lì)機(jī)制也會(huì)改變；大學(xué)里各系可能會(huì)加大投資13只有“，。[A]cretin、[C]cotrbuing和[]ditributig空格所在句的上一句說大學(xué)里各系會(huì)在培養(yǎng)成功的畢業(yè)生上加大投資，結(jié)合上下文可知此處“成功的畢業(yè)生”是指那些賺錢多的畢業(yè)生?？崭袼诰浯髮W(xué)的使命是提供非常14，代入后是指損害大學(xué)的使命，符合文意，正確。[B]distort、[C]restore[Dsuspend代入文中，所在句分別意為“可能會(huì)曲解/恢復(fù)/暫停大學(xué)的使命”，均不符合文意，故排除。本題可采用排除法解答?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)形容詞作所在的條件狀語從句的表語成分，瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，A]accutmed通以ecutmedto的形式出現(xiàn)，[B]inegae、[C]comlcted常在詞前面不能與前面的 e搭配只有D]focued如果變更入心語意暢確其三代入中不合則且義通因此均排。答案[C]end解析空格所在句是一個(gè)一般疑問句，空格處需填入動(dòng)詞短語作謂語，空格后面的shortofresources是形容詞性短語，表原因，該句意為“如果大學(xué)變得更以收入為中心，那么像哲學(xué)這樣收益低但社會(huì)價(jià)值高的專業(yè)會(huì)因?yàn)槎?6嗎？”從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思及用法來看，只有[C]endup符合要求，endup后可以接形容詞成分，如：Ifhecarriesondrivinglikethat,hewillendup