正確使用關系代詞

Howtouserelativepronounsproperly?who指人，在定語從句中作主語/賓語，作賓語可省略。Whatwasthenameofthemanwholentyouthemoney?Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Thechairmanofthemeeting,whospokefirst,satonmyright.whom

指人，在定語從句中做賓語。在口語或非正式文體中，whom可省略或可用who來代替Therearesomepeople(whom/who)welikeandothers(whom/who)wedislike.Thepeoplewhom/whoIworkwithareallfriendly.但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語從句中只能用whom。

MrCarter,whomIspoketoonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinorplan.Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.

Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.

Thehousesofwhichthewindowsarebrokenisempty.Thehousesthewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Whose可以轉換為“of+whom”,即whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom=of+whom+the+n.

Childrenwhosemiddaymealswereunhealthyweredifficulttoteachintheafternoon.He’sthepersonwhosecameraInearlylost.Jamieisacookwhoseideasarechangingschooldinners.ExercisesThenovel____________wasbrokenbelongstome.Thenovel_________thecoverwasbrokenbelongstome.whosecoverofwhich3.Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.Iwantaroom_______________facesthesouth.whosewindow1．指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語。做賓語常可省略。Thisisafolksongwhichisnowverypopular.

Thechildrenlikecookies(which)mywifemakes.

which2．which引導的非限制性定語從句可以修飾前面的整個主句，相當于andthis。Jimpassedhisdrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybody.Sheilacouldn'tcometotheparty,whichwasapity.

3．which在非限制性定語從句中有時也可以作定語。Johnstayedhereforaweek,duringwhichtimewevisitedtheWestLaketogether.Itmightsnowthisweekend,inwhichcasewewon'tgotoBeijing.

that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語（做賓語時?？墒÷裕eisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.Idon'tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.Thedress(that)Annboughtdoesn'tfitherverywell.asas可以在限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中作主語或賓語。①在限制性定語從句中，as可跟在由such,so,thesame修飾的先行詞之后。Suchmenasheardhimweredeeplymoved.（as在定語從句中作heard的主語）I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（as在定語從句中作tell的賓語）Heliftedsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecanlift.（as在定語從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語）比較：在thesameas結構中，as也可用that代替。但嚴格地說，thesameas強調相同，thesamethat注重同一。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.（as指的是與先行詞相似的同類事物）SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.（that指的是與先行詞同一事物）②在非限制性定語從句中，as可代表主句整個句子，引導的定語從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗號與主句分開。Aseveryoneknows,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.一些由as引導的定語從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說法。asisknowntoall這是眾所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所說asisoftenthecase情況常常如此asmaybeimagined這可以想象得出ashasbeenpointedout正如已經指出的那樣asoftenhappens這種情況常常發(fā)生A．只用which/whom

在下列情況下，一般不能用that代替which/whom。1.在非限制性定語從句中。Theweatherwasveryterrible,whichwehadn'texpected.

2.關系代詞緊跟在介詞或短語介詞后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。Heclimbeduptothetopofalargerock,fromwhichhegotagoodview.（也可用fromwhere）Soundisatool,bymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Theyaskedmealotofquestions,mostofwhichIcouldn'tanswer.逗號不可以連接兩個句子不定代詞/數詞/名詞+介詞+which/whom+從句

Shehasthreesons,allofwhomjoinedthearmy.

Shehasthreesons,twoofwhomwereengineers.

Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.Ipickeduptheapples,________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapples.________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapplesand/but_______________werebad.someofwhichSomeofthemsomeofthem定語從句的關系代詞指人時宜用who而不宜用that的情況。*The

classmateIwanttolearnfromisone

whoworksveryhard.*Anyone

whofailstofinishthehomeworkwillbepunished.*Those

whowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.*Thestudent

thatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitor

whostudiesveryhard.1.先行詞為one,ones,those或anyone時2.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復定語從句的關系代詞指物時，只宜用that，不用which的情況。*Weshoulddoall

thatisusefultothepeople.*Wehaven’tgotmuch

thatwecanofferyou.*Theonlything

thatwecandoistoasktheteacherforhelp.*Thisistheverybook

thatbelongstohim*Youcantakeanyseat

thatisfree.*Thereislittletime

thatwecanspare.*I’vereadallthebooks

thatIboughtyesterday.*WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst

thatcomestomindistheWestLake.*Thisisthefifthbirthdaypresent

thatIhaveeverreceived.*Thisisthebest

thathasbeenusedagainstpollution.*Itisthemostimportanttask

thatshouldbefinishedinashorttime.*Edisonbuiltupafactory

whichproducedthings

thathadneverbeenseenbefore.*Thebikeanditsrider

thathadrunoveranoldladywereheldupbythepolice.*Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyrememberedintheschool1.被修飾的先行詞為all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代詞時.2.先行詞前有theonly,thevery,thelast,just,any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時3.被修飾成分是序數詞,或者它前面有一個序數詞時.4.被修飾成分是最高級,或者它前面有最高級形容詞修飾.5.兩個從句,其中一個關系代詞已用which,另一個宜用that.6.被修飾成分既有人又有物,宜用that.7.先行詞在定從中做表語時*Thevillageisnolongertheone

thatitusedtobe.

*Heisnolongerthelazyboy

thatheusedtobe.Preposition+which

andPreposition+whom“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which（指物）和whom（指人）。1.當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只用which或whom,關系代詞不能省略.*Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.*ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter2.當介詞位于定語從句末尾時,可用that/which/who/whom,而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞往往省略.*Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.*Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.3.“復合介詞短語+關系代詞”引導的定語從句,常與先行詞用逗號隔開.*Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.Hecamelate,asaresultofwhichhemissedthechancetoseeher.注意:在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割,因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前.*ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.不可以說:ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.關系代詞前面的介詞使用情況:1.根據與前面名詞的搭配關系選擇.*I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.*Canyoufindapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused?Point1:介詞的選用考慮兩個因素定語從句中先行詞的搭配習慣IneverforgetthedaysduringwhichIstudiedhard.IneverforgetthedayonwhichIwenttocollege.IneverforgettheyearinwhichIwenttocollege.daysdayyear2.根據定語從句后面動詞和介詞的搭配關系選擇.*Themantowhomyouspokejustnowismyuncle.*ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.Point1:介詞的選用2.定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配習慣HaveyoufoundthebookforwhichIpaid$10?HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent$10?Haveyoufoundthebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?paidspenttalks1.Theperson(who/that/whom)youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Ball.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithpreposition+which/whom:2.Thegames(which/that)hetookpartinwereswimmingandshooting.

Thegamesinwhichhetookpartwereswimmingandshooting.Fillintheblankswithrightprepositions1.Haveyoumettheperson____whomhewasspeaking?2.Heistheman____whomyoushouldgiveyourthanks.toto3.Thefarm____whichweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.on4.Thisisthetree______whichweusedtoplaygames.under5.Thegas_______whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.without6.Thefilm____________Ifellasleepwasveryboring.duringwhich7.Thelittlecreature______scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.inwhich8.Thegun__________hewasshotwasneverfound.withwhichFillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_________you’velistened.2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_________hisdaughterwillgetmarried.3.Thisistheknife_________Iusuallycutbread.4.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun_________wegetheatandlight.5.Thesubject_________Ericisinterestedisphysics.towhichonwhichwithwhichfromwhichinwhich6.Doyouknowthegirl_________ourheadteacherisshakinghands?7.Ican’tfindmydictionary_________Ipaidover$100.8.Thisisthegoodcar_________Ispentallmymoney.9.Sheistheteacher_____________allhisstudentsshowrespect.10.Theteacher_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.withwhomforwhichonwhichto/forwhomforwhomFillintheblankswith“prep+relativepron”.1.Doyouremembertheday_________weleftyouincharge.2.Ioftenthinkofthemoment_________IsawtheUFO.3.Irememberthetime_________Ericwonthatspeechcompetition.4.Itrainedthewholeday__________hetravelledwithhisfamily.onwhichatwhichatwhichonwhichFillintheblankswith“prep+relativepron”.5.Thepolicesearchedthehouse_________thethiefhadstayed.6.Mikewantstoworkinacountry_________therearealotofrainforests.7.Thisisnotafamily_________badbehaviorgoesunpunished.8.Thestudyistheplace_________Ioftenhavetalkswithmyfather.inwhichinwhichinwhichinwhich逗號不可以連接兩個句子不定代詞/數詞/名詞+介詞+which/whom+從句

Shehasthreesons,allofwhomjoinedthearmy.

Shehasthreesons,twoofwhomwereengineers.

Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.

Ipickeduptheapples,_____