2023年上海高考英語(yǔ)句子翻譯技巧方法指導(dǎo)(含例題講解)

?上海高考句子翻譯+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講上海高考英語(yǔ)翻譯題，是對(duì)考生詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的綜合考查。高考中漢譯英多為簡(jiǎn)單句或復(fù)合句，題目所給定的提示詞匯也是常用詞，但學(xué)生必須在比較兩種語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)翻譯出不僅意思準(zhǔn)確，而且符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的好句子。上海歷年高考中譯英的考察點(diǎn)主要有：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、倒裝、連詞、三大從句、特殊句式、詞組及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年試題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些華麗的中文詞藻或日常生活化表達(dá)?！疽c(diǎn)梳理】要點(diǎn)一：高考翻譯技巧直譯和意譯直譯和意譯沒(méi)有明確界限，往往是一句漢語(yǔ)整體可以直譯，但局部（特別是成語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)）卻要通過(guò)意譯。注意邏輯主語(yǔ)的變化?！纠?】(2020上海春考）每周三，這些大學(xué)生都會(huì)雷打不動(dòng)地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)【思路解析】句中“雷打不動(dòng)”無(wú)法直接翻譯，只能意譯為：makeitaruletodosth.表示“使做某事成為常規(guī)”?！緟⒖即鸢浮縏hosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和固定句式。根據(jù)句意和提示詞可知，本句使用固定句式：makeitaruletodo，表示“使做某事成為常規(guī)”，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“每周三”表明是經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，同時(shí)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“大學(xué)生”與“教”之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故翻譯為：EveryWednesday，theseuniversitystudentsmakeitaruletodovolunteerserviceintheorphanage,teachingchildrenpaper-cuttingandknitting.【例2】(2019上海高考）爺爺有點(diǎn)耳背，對(duì)他耐心一點(diǎn)。(patient）【思路解析】句中“耳背”無(wú)法直譯，只能意譯為：alittledeaf或somethingwrongwithone'sears?！緟⒖即鸢浮縂randpaisalittledeafandbepatientwithhim./Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意表示“耳背”可翻譯為therebesomethingwrongwithone'sears；表示“對(duì)某人耐心”短語(yǔ)為bepatientwithsb.；此處為so連接并列句，且前半句陳述事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后半句為肯定祈使句，句首動(dòng)詞用原形。故翻譯為T(mén)hereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【例3】）這首歌在今年的藝術(shù)節(jié)上首發(fā)時(shí)，因其旋律歡快，風(fēng)格詼諧引起轟動(dòng)，但只是曇花一現(xiàn)。（when）【思路解析】此句中“曇花一現(xiàn)”’可以意譯為：itspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period.；也可以直譯為：aflashinthepan?！緟⒖即鸢浮縒henfirstreleasedattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival,thissongcausedasensation/madeastirbecauseof/for/duetoitscheerfulmelodyandhumorousstyle,butitwasjustaflashinthepan./butitdidn’tlastlong./butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period./Thesongcausedastir/sensation/becameahitforitscheerfulmelodyandcomicstylewhenitwasfirstperformed/releasedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/aflashinthepan.【詳解】本題考查了when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，考查的詞匯和詞組并不難，“曇花一現(xiàn)”看似難翻，但只要表達(dá)清楚意思就可以了?！纠?】這部基于那場(chǎng)重要戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的電影一上映就很賣(mài)座。(Hardly)【思路解析】此句中“很賣(mài)座”不能直接一一對(duì)應(yīng)翻譯，只能意思是翻譯，意譯為：itattractedalargeaudience。【參考答案】Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.【詳解】考查倒裝句、否定副詞、介詞、時(shí)態(tài)、名詞、形容詞和短語(yǔ)。表示“基于”應(yīng)用介詞about；表示“這部電影”應(yīng)用名詞短語(yǔ)thefilm；表示“重要的”應(yīng)用形容詞important；表示“那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”應(yīng)用名詞短語(yǔ)thebattle；表示“上映”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞release；表示“賣(mài)座”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)attractalargeaudience。根據(jù)所給副詞“Hardly”幾乎不的意思和首字母的大寫(xiě)形式可知，這句話(huà)需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“Hardly…when…”一……就……，該短語(yǔ)要求從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，部分倒裝時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞had置于主語(yǔ)之前。故翻譯為Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.2.適當(dāng)加減詞【例1】他雖然退休了，但仍然關(guān)心著公司的業(yè)務(wù)?！敬鸢浮縏houghhehasretired,hestillcaresaboutthecompany’sbusiness.【思路解析】從句“但仍然關(guān)心著公司的業(yè)務(wù)”中文主語(yǔ)省略了，翻譯時(shí)候主句需加上主語(yǔ)“he”.【例2】這款手機(jī)樣式新穎、攜帶方面，深受年輕人的歡迎。(2005上海高考)【答案】Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungsters./Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,anditisverypopularwithyoungsters.【思路解析】中文兩個(gè)分句有因果關(guān)系或并列關(guān)系，故翻譯時(shí)，當(dāng)并列句需加“and”；當(dāng)主從句時(shí)，需加上從屬連詞“so”。【例3】根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法，自然界要用500年的時(shí)間才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤?！敬鸢浮緼ccordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.【思路解析】根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，此處“....看法”可以省略不必翻譯。【例4】究竟是什么激發(fā)小王學(xué)習(xí)電子工程的積極性？(motivate)（2019上海春考）【答案】WhatonearthmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?/WhatwasitthatmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?【思路解析】根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)及句子成分分析，此處“....的積極性”可以省略不必翻譯?！纠?】物理課上，他沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂王教授所講的內(nèi)容。(fail)（2006上海春考）【答案】Inthephysicsclass,hefailedtounderstandwhatProfessorWangwastalkingabout.【思路解析】根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)及句子成分分析，此處“....的內(nèi)容”可以省略不必翻譯。3.語(yǔ)序的變化【例1】博物館疏于管理，展品積灰，門(mén)廳冷清，急需改善。(whose)（2019上海春考）【答案】Themuseum,whoseexhibitsaredusty,badlyneedstobeimprovedbecauseofitsfewvisitorsandpoormanagement.【思路解析】此句中文表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔，多為四字格，疏于管理notwellmanaged/managementisreckless，被灰塵覆蓋becoveredwithdust/bepiledwithdust，游客稀少fewvisitors，亟需改善bebadlyinneedofimprovement/requiresimmediateimprovement。翻譯時(shí)，厘清主句從句關(guān)系，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，適當(dāng)調(diào)整句子語(yǔ)序。故翻譯為hismuseumisnotwellmanagedwhoseexhibitsarecoveredwithdustandtherearefewvisitorssoeverythingisbadlyinneedofimprovement.或Themuseumwhosemanagementisrecklesswhoseexhibitsarepiledwithdustandwhoselobbyisdeserted/requiresimmediateimprovement.【例2】在線(xiàn)預(yù)訂出租車(chē)雖然很時(shí)尚，但許多相關(guān)問(wèn)題尚待解決。(as)【答案】Fashionableasbookingtaxisonlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesolved.【思路解析】根據(jù)中文所給提示詞，as當(dāng)“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句需用倒裝語(yǔ)序。4.詞性的合理變化【例1】人們現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)能在超市買(mǎi)到新鮮牛奶。（available）【答案】Nowadaysfreshmilkcanavailabletopeopleatanytimeatthesupermarket.【思路解析】句中動(dòng)詞“買(mǎi)到”轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞短語(yǔ)“sth.beavailabletosb”,且注意中英文語(yǔ)序發(fā)生了變化?！纠?】學(xué)生不能進(jìn)入教師閱覽室。(accessn.)【答案】Studentshavenoaccesstotheteachers’readingroom.【思路解析】句中動(dòng)詞“進(jìn)入”轉(zhuǎn)換為含名詞短語(yǔ)“have/getaccessto”,詞性發(fā)生了變化?！纠?】網(wǎng)上支付方便了用戶(hù)，但是犧牲了他們的隱私。(atthe

cost

of)【答案】Onlinepaymentmakesiteasierforusers,but(itis)atthecostoftheirprivacy【思路解析】句中動(dòng)詞“犧牲了”轉(zhuǎn)換為含名詞短語(yǔ)“atthe

cost

of”,詞性發(fā)生了變化。要點(diǎn)二：高考翻譯題常設(shè)考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)【例1】我第一次寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)，犯了很多拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。（make）【答案】ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.【例1】這是他第一次回老家過(guò)年，是嗎？(time)ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?【例3】當(dāng)時(shí)，那位出租車(chē)司機(jī)別無(wú)選擇，只能求助于游客。（choice）【答案】Atthattimethetaxidriverhadnochoicebuttoturntothetourist/traveler(forhelp).【例4】在過(guò)去幾年里，這家工廠(chǎng)用塑料代替木頭來(lái)降低成本。(substitute)【答案】Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticforwoodinordertoreducethecost.【例5】應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將課堂上所學(xué)的知識(shí)用于實(shí)踐中去。(apply)【答案】Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2、以“it”用法為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】正是那場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的大雨打亂了他們的計(jì)劃。(It)【答案】Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句和時(shí)態(tài)。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)theunexpectedrain。陳述過(guò)去事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，故翻譯為Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【例2】那些未曾去過(guò)那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（it）【答案】Itisveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.【解析】考查it做形式主語(yǔ)用法?！纠?】我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的人合作。（it）【答案】Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.【解析】考查it做形式賓語(yǔ)用法?！纠?】如果你方便的話(huà)，請(qǐng)幫我從郵局取回包裹。(convenient)【答案】Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasefetchtheparcelformefromthepostoffice./Itisimpossibleforyoutocompletethetaskalone.【解析】類(lèi)似用it形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的形容詞還有convenient,necessary,essential,important等3、以非謂語(yǔ)為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就會(huì)使我整晚睡不著。（keep）【答案】Drinkingonlyacup

ofcoffeewillkeepmeawakeallnight.【例2】他很后悔失去了獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的機(jī)會(huì)。（regret）【答案】Heregrets

losing

theopportunity

toobtain

the

scholarship.【例3】昨晚有許多人等在劇院前想一睹那位歌星的風(fēng)采.(therebe)【答案】Therewerealotofpeoplewaitinginfrontofthetheatreyesterdayeveningtohaveaglanceatthestarsinger.【例4】整個(gè)上午他都在忙于寫(xiě)那篇故事，只是偶爾停下來(lái)喝杯茶。(breakoff)【答案】Hewasbusywritingthestoryallthemorning,onlybreakingoffoccasionallytohaveacupoftea.【例5】

同其他學(xué)生相比，那個(gè)女孩有更強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)能力。（compare）【答案】Comparedwithotherstudents,thegirlhasbetterlisteningandspeakingabilitiesinEnglish.【例1】這個(gè)游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言?xún)烧Z(yǔ)解釋不清。(too…to)(2004上海高考)【答案】Theruleofthegameistoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.4、以從句為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】我實(shí)在想不通為什么大伙兒都覺(jué)得他這個(gè)人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和藹可親的。(strike)（2020屆徐匯區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)一模）Ican’tunderstandwhypeopleallthinkheisoutofreach/inaccessible,becausehestrikesmeasaveryapproachableandkind/amiableperson.（名詞性從句）【例2】在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，誘惑和干擾無(wú)處不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品質(zhì)之一，因?yàn)樗行У卮龠M(jìn)了一個(gè)人的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展。(where)(2020屆楊浦區(qū)高考一模)Intoday’ssocietywheretemptationsanddistractionsareeverywhere，self-disciplineisoneofthemostimportantqualities,ifnotthemostimportant,for/asitcontributeseffectivelyto/promotes/enhancesaman’sprogressanddevelopment.（定語(yǔ)從句）【例3】如今，病人能很便捷地下載他們的醫(yī)療記錄以獲取諸如檢測(cè)結(jié)果之類(lèi)的信息，大大節(jié)省了時(shí)間和人力。(so…that)(2020屆黃埔區(qū)高考一模)Nowadays,itissoconvenientforpatientstodownloadtheirmedicalrecordstoaccessinformationsuchasthetestresultsthattheywillsavealotoftimeandlabor.（狀語(yǔ)從句）5、以倒裝句型為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】該選手的機(jī)智及開(kāi)闊的知識(shí)面使評(píng)委們大為驚異，他們一致同意他為冠軍獲得者。(So…)(2020屆嘉定區(qū)高考一模)【答案】Soamazedwerethejudgesatthewisdomandwideknowledgeofthecontestantthattheyallagreedthathewouldbethechampion./bethewinner./winthechampionship.【例2】他向朋保證在任何情況下都不會(huì)違背做一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)守信的人的承諾。（undernocircumstances）（2018奉賢區(qū)二模）【答案】Heassuredhisfriendsthatundernocircumstanceswouldhebreakthepromisethathewouldbeanhonestman.【例3】他親自到了中國(guó)后才意識(shí)到他對(duì)中國(guó)的了解是何等膚淺。（Only）【答案】OnlywhenhecametoChinahimselfdidherealizehowpoorhisknowledgeofthecountrywas.【例4】登山運(yùn)動(dòng)的吸引力不僅在于運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，還體現(xiàn)在運(yùn)動(dòng)員與自然環(huán)境的抗?fàn)幹?。（Notonly...）(2020屆浦東新區(qū)高考一模)【答案】Notonlydoestheappeal/attractionofmountainclimbinglieinthefiercecompetitionbetweenathletes,butitisalsoreflectedintheathletes’fightagainstthenaturalenvironment.(thefightbetweentheathletesandthenaturalenvironment)【例5】一聽(tīng)到警察的腳步聲，小偷就跑走了。(Away)【答案】Awayranthethiefassoonasheheardthefootstepsofthepolice.（此句為完全倒裝句）6、以動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】看到掛滿(mǎn)枝頭鮮紅嫩綠的果實(shí)，他們不禁心生歡喜。（can’thelp)（2020屆奉賢區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)一模）【答案】Atthesightofthefruitswithbrilliantcolorshangingonthebranches,theycouldn’thelpfeelingadmiringthem.【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活動(dòng)旨在提高公眾節(jié)能環(huán)保的意識(shí)。(aim)（2020屆徐匯區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)一模）【答案】Thecampaignoftheurbanpublictransportweekaimstoraisepublicawarenessofsavingenergyandprotectingtheenvironment/energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection.【例3】

在每天的早晚高峰期間，堵上半小時(shí)是常有的事，要是下雨的話(huà)，堵的時(shí)間就更長(zhǎng)了。（stuck）【答案】Duringthemorningandeveningrushhours,itiscommontobestuckintrafficfor

halfanhour,anditwill

belonger

ifitrains.【例4】

家長(zhǎng)是孩子們最親近的人，但是有時(shí)他們依然不理解孩子們說(shuō)的話(huà)。（figure）【答案】Althoughparentsaretheclosestpeopletotheirchildren,sometimesthey

stillcannotfigureoutwhattheirchildren

say7、以成語(yǔ)（諺語(yǔ)）為主的考點(diǎn)【例1】在很多地區(qū)，旅游業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響簡(jiǎn)直觸目驚心，但人們往往因?yàn)槁糜螛I(yè)帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而對(duì)此置若罔聞。(ablindeye)【答案】Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【解析】【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)和定語(yǔ)從句。turnablindeyeto(對(duì)……)視而不見(jiàn)；becauseof因?yàn)?；bringabout帶來(lái)。句中先行詞為benefits，在定語(yǔ)從句中作bringabout的賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)，也可以省略。陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，故翻譯為Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【例2】和學(xué)生時(shí)代的他相比，那名士兵簡(jiǎn)直判若兩人。（How）(2019上海高考）【答案】Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【詳解】考查感嘆句、時(shí)態(tài)和名詞性從句。How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！from后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句缺少表語(yǔ)，且指物，所以用連接詞what。根據(jù)句意，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故翻譯為Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【例3】隨著體力逐漸恢復(fù)正常，那名業(yè)余自行車(chē)手的奪冠之夢(mèng)不再遙不可及。（normal）2019上海高考）【答案】Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句、固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。本句為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中表示“體力”應(yīng)用短語(yǔ)physicalstrength，作主語(yǔ)；表示“恢復(fù)正常”可知短語(yǔ)為returntonormal，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主句中表示“業(yè)余自行車(chē)手”短語(yǔ)為amateurcyclist；表示“奪冠之夢(mèng)”可翻譯為dreamofwinningchampionship；表示“不再”短語(yǔ)為nolonger；表示“遙不可及”短語(yǔ)為beyondreach，主句應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故翻譯為Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach._____重點(diǎn)小練2022年上海秋季重點(diǎn)小練1.媽媽忘了兩天前剛給鄰居買(mǎi)過(guò)黃瓜。（forget）參考譯文：①M(fèi)other/Momforgothavingjustboughtsomecucumbersforherneighbortwodaysago.②Mother/Momforgotbuyingsomecucumbersforherneighborjusttwodaysago.解析：本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；考核基礎(chǔ)單詞forget的用法：forgetdoing/forgethavingdone忘記做過(guò)某事。注意區(qū)別：forgettodo忘記去做某事2.每逢節(jié)假日，我們都會(huì)去郊區(qū)露營(yíng)，為的就是享受悠閑愜意的生活。（sothat）參考譯文：(During)everyholiday/(On)everyholiday,wealwaysgo/willgocampinginthesuburbssothatwecanenjoyaleisurelycomfortable/relaxingandcomfortablelife.解析：考查目的狀語(yǔ)從句。詞塊：露營(yíng)gocamping；享受生活enjoya...life3.切莫苛求運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和頻率，細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流才能見(jiàn)效。（difference）參考譯文：①Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlybyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/onlythroughpersistentlittleeffortscanyoumakeadifference.②Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/persistentlittleeffortscanmakeadifference.③Don’tpushyourselftoohardwhenitcomestotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,...解析：考察前后語(yǔ)句間的邏輯關(guān)系，能找到合適連詞來(lái)連接前后語(yǔ)句；“切莫苛求”句中是無(wú)主結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)生應(yīng)選擇使用祈使句來(lái)翻譯；學(xué)生需要對(duì)四字格“細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流”先進(jìn)行理解，在語(yǔ)境中尋找合適的詞進(jìn)行翻譯;對(duì)自己過(guò)分苛求的幾種表達(dá)：betoohardonyourselfin.../pushyourselftoohard4.這條運(yùn)河歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年才修建而成，如今雖無(wú)昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是橫跨東西的重要水道。（as...as）參考譯文：①Thecanal,whichtookhundredsofyearstobuild,isnotasbusy/prosperousasbefore/itusedtobe/oncewas,butitisstillanimportantwaterwayfromeasttowest.②Ittookhundredsofyearstobuildthiscanalandalthoughitisnolongerasprosperousasitusedtobe,butstillremainsavitalwaterwayextendingfromeasttowest.解析：提示詞as...as可看出本句考察比較狀語(yǔ)從句；考綱詞匯：運(yùn)河canal；無(wú)昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）notasbusyasbefore;橫跨東西fromeasttowest；水道watercourse/waterway。2022年上海春季高考英語(yǔ)真題1.他已經(jīng)有幾十年沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)如此壯麗的日出了。（since）Ithasbeendecadessincehesawsuchamagnificentsunrise.2.小張昨天在田里播下種子，期待來(lái)年的豐收。（sow）Zhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyear.3.鑒于手機(jī)打車(chē)不熟練的老人不在少數(shù)，這家公司提供了一系列服務(wù)來(lái)滿(mǎn)足他們的需求。（afew）Sincetherearemorethanafewelderlypeoplewhoarenotskilledinusingride-hailingservices/requestingataxi/rideonmobilephones,thecompanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.4.正是因?yàn)樨瀼亍邦櫩蜑楸尽钡睦砟?，那個(gè)落寞已久的社區(qū)商場(chǎng)才得以重回大眾視線(xiàn)。（It）Itisbecauseoftheimplementationofthe“customerfirst”conceptthatthelong-desertedcommunityshoppingmallcouldreturntothepubliceye.2021年上海秋季高考英語(yǔ)真題1.你坐會(huì)兒，我來(lái)看管這六件行李。(look)Youcansitforawhile,andIwilllookafterthe/thesesixpiecesofluggage/baggage.2.打噴嚏時(shí)，務(wù)必用紙巾遮住口鼻。(Do)Docoveryourmouthandnosewithtissue/atissuewhenyouaresneezing.3.這位頭發(fā)花白的外交官與老友不期而遇，腦海中浮現(xiàn)出那段為理想而奮斗的青春歲月。(remind)Thegrey-haireddiplomatraninto/cameacross/encounteredanoldfriend,whichremindedhimofthedaysofhisyouthwhenhewasstrugglingforhisideal.Thegrey-haireddiplomatmetanoldfriendbyaccident,whichremindedhimoftheyouthfulyearsoffightingforideals.4.這位先驅(qū)者的故居是間不起眼的木屋，現(xiàn)正修復(fù)中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)Theformerresidenceofthepioneerisahumblewoodenhouse,whichisnowunderrestoration,andvisitorsarelikelytoseeitsreallookattheendofJune.2021年春季高考真題1.羽毛球館里空無(wú)一人，為什么燈還亮著？(howcome)Sincethereisnone/nooneinthebadmintonstadium,howcomethelightsarestillon?2.我花了三天時(shí)間畫(huà)這副風(fēng)景畫(huà)，來(lái)慶祝我曾祖父的百歲壽辰。(take)Ittookmethreedaystopaintthislandscapetocelebratethe100thbirthdayofmygreat-grandfather.3.在太空遨游一周后，載人飛船安全著陸，在那一刻，原本寂靜無(wú)聲的發(fā)射中心一片歡騰。(Theinstant)Theinstantthemannedspacecraftsafelylandedafteritsone-weekspacetravel,theoriginallysilentlaunchcenterburstinto/brokeintocheers.4.這條小河蜿蜒流淌，與世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，見(jiàn)證了這個(gè)村莊的日新月異。(company）Thewindingstreamthatkeepsthevillagerscompany,whohavelivedthereforgenerations,isawitnessof/haswitnessedtheconstantchangesofthisvillage.2020年上海春季高考英語(yǔ)真題1. 我們非常感激他們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.2.正如這本小冊(cè)子介紹的那樣，這里的司機(jī)都有禮讓行人的習(xí)慣。(As)Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.3.每周三，這些大學(xué)生都會(huì)雷打不動(dòng)地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepaper-cuttingandweaving/knitting.Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.4.這首歌在今年藝術(shù)節(jié)上首發(fā)時(shí)，因其旋律歡快，風(fēng)格詼諧引起轟動(dòng)，但只是曇花一現(xiàn)。(when)Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen(itwas)firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandcomicstyle,butitdidn’tlastlong/butitlastedonly(for)averyshorttime/period.2020年秋季高考真題1. 你是否介意替我去開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)/參加會(huì)議？(substitute)Do/Wouldyoumind(your)substitutingmeforthemeeting?Do/Wouldyoumindifyousubstitutemeforthemeeting?2. 為了(能)讓媽媽好好休息，小王把水槽和碗櫥擦得干干凈凈。(Inorder...)Inordertomake/lethismotherhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangcleanthesinkandcupboardthoroughly.or: Inorderthathismothercouldhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangwipeddownthesinkandcupboard.3. 春暖花開(kāi)的四月是領(lǐng)略/欣賞這個(gè)南方小鎮(zhèn)美景的最好時(shí)間/最佳時(shí)機(jī)。(when)Withflowersbloomingandtheweatherbeingwarm,Aprilisthebesttimetoappreciatethebeautyofthissoutherntown.4. 面對(duì)網(wǎng)店的挑戰(zhàn)，這家百年老店多措并舉，最終轉(zhuǎn)危為機(jī)，再創(chuàng)輝煌。(turn)Inthefaceof/Facing/Facedwiththechallengesfromtheonlinestore,thiscentury-oldstoretookvariousmeasuresatthesametime/takemultiplemeasures,andfinallyturnedthecrisisintoanopportunitytorecreatetheglory._____好題必測(cè)例1.我第一次寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)，犯了許多拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。(make)好題必測(cè)ThefirsttimeIwrotetheEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.該句是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由thefirsttime,eachtime,everytime和themoment等詞組引導(dǎo)，它們既有實(shí)實(shí)在在的意義又有連詞的作用，無(wú)需再與其他連詞連用。又如：他每次來(lái)，總是講給我們聽(tīng)一些趣事。Every/Eachtimehecomes,healwaystellsussomethinginteresting.由于Every/Eachtime本身就是連接詞語(yǔ)，所以Every/Eachtime引導(dǎo)的從句，直接跟句子。例2.保護(hù)環(huán)境是每個(gè)公民的職責(zé)。(it…)Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoprotectourenvironment.這里it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是toprotectourenvironment。It作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)在翻譯中是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。再如：正是你的幫助使得我們有可能在旅游的季節(jié)住到一個(gè)中國(guó)人的家里。ItwasyourhelpthatmadeitpossibleforustostaywithaChinesefamilyduringthetouristseason.這里用it作形式賓語(yǔ)即makeitpossible的句型。而整個(gè)句子又是為“Itis/was…that…”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式?？吹街形谋硎觥罢恰?，往往可能用到強(qiáng)調(diào)句。例3.彼得每月留出一點(diǎn)錢(qián)以便在不久的將來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)一輛新汽車(chē)。(setaside)Petersetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyanewcarinthenearfuture.該題考了sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，sothat后面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般為目的狀語(yǔ)從句，沒(méi)有的一般為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說(shuō)引人入勝，我簡(jiǎn)直愛(ài)不釋手。ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcan’tstandpartingwithit.該句考的是so+形容詞或副詞+that…的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。例4.不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.該句是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論……”的狀語(yǔ)從句可以翻譯成wh+ever或nomatter+how/what/when/where引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)。However后面應(yīng)該直接跟所修飾的形容詞或副詞，也可翻譯成：Nomatterhowlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.例5.這小孩太調(diào)皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So…)Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.本句主要考察so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。由于so大寫(xiě)，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒裝。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻譯為bebusywithsth.或bebusydoing的短語(yǔ)，最后要注意成語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)“心煩意亂”的表達(dá)，切記不要把成語(yǔ)或習(xí)語(yǔ)想的太復(fù)雜，學(xué)生除適當(dāng)?shù)乇骋恍┻@方面的表達(dá)，更要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上轉(zhuǎn)化成我們所熟悉的表達(dá)?？梢?jiàn)翻譯不止考一個(gè)句型或某一特定的短語(yǔ)，它考察很全面，所以學(xué)生基本功要扎實(shí)。例6.無(wú)論風(fēng)多大、雨多急，警察一直堅(jiān)守在崗位上。（nomatter…）Nomatterhowhardtherainfallsandthewindblows,thepolicekeeptotheirposts.本句考察的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Nomatter+特殊疑問(wèn)詞和特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ever都可表達(dá)。既然句中給的是nomatter…，就很容易讓學(xué)生聯(lián)想起讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！帮L(fēng)多大、雨多急”看似簡(jiǎn)單的短語(yǔ)，學(xué)生要靈活的把它們處理在一起。“堅(jiān)守在崗位”要求學(xué)生多整理一些常用動(dòng)詞和介詞或副詞搭配在一起的短語(yǔ)。例7.盡管遭受如此嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，但只要不灰心，我們終會(huì)克服暫時(shí)的困難。（Although)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaserious/severenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallysmoothaway/overcomethetemporarydifficultyaslongaswedon't/neverloseheart.

最后一個(gè)句子貌似比較難，因?yàn)榫渥颖容^長(zhǎng)。但是，高考翻譯中的長(zhǎng)句子都是紙老虎，大家只要判斷句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后用合適的連接詞（或者介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等）把句子給連接起來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就搞定了。另外，本題對(duì)于基本詞匯和詞組的掌握又有所考查，如果考生對(duì)一些詞的翻譯不甚了解，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暫時(shí)”這些詞的翻譯。在翻譯長(zhǎng)句子時(shí)還有很重要的一點(diǎn)就是不要漏掉重要信息，這需要考生在翻譯時(shí)對(duì)句子的細(xì)節(jié)有精準(zhǔn)的把握，翻譯完后再對(duì)照一下中英文意思，看有沒(méi)有遺漏重要信息。例8.盡管山高林密，醫(yī)護(hù)人員還是迅速地趕到出事地點(diǎn)，實(shí)施援救。（despite）Despitethehighmountainsandthickforests,thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccidentfortherescue/tocarryouttherescue.本題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和活用?！癉espite”是介詞，所以后面應(yīng)接名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句?！吧礁吡置堋笨勺g為“thehighmountainsandthick（dense）forests”?！皩?shí)施救援”是目的，但是也可以譯為表示伴隨情況的并列句。例9.那些未曾去過(guò)那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。(It…)It’sveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.該句關(guān)鍵是掌握thosewho引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法。這里先行詞是those（指人），所以后面用who。例10.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的人合作。(...it...)Ifinditishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.“那些一貫固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的”做定語(yǔ)放在中心詞前太長(zhǎng)，處理成定語(yǔ)從句更為恰當(dāng)?！皐hoalwayssticktotheirownopinions”。_____高考題型組合練A高考題型組合練Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認(rèn)同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens(代金券)theyhadearnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent—iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhengiventheopportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudyinitiallyincluded74preschool-agechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin54mother-childpairswhosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.“Atbothages,childrenwithbetterphysiologicalregulationandwithmotherswhoexpressedstrongercompassionatelovewerelikelytodonatemoreoftheirearnings,”saidPaulHastings,UCDavisprofessorofpsychology.“Compassionatemotherslikelydevelopemotionallycloserelationshipswiththeirchildrenwhilealsoprovidinganearlyexampleofsatisfyingtheneedsofothers,”researcherssaidinthestudy,publishedinNovemberinFrontiersinPsychology”EmotionScience.Ineachlabexercise,afterattachingamonitortorecordchildren’sheart-rateactivity,theexaminertoldthechildrentheywouldbeearningtokensforavarietyofactivities,andthatthetokenscouldbeturnedinforaprize.Thetokenswereputintoabox,andeachchildeventuallyearned20prizetokens.Thenbeforethesessionended,childrenweretoldtheycoulddonateallorpartoftheirtokenstootherchildren.Takentogether,thefindingsshowedthatchildren’sgenerosityissupportedbythecombinationoftheirsocializationexperiences—theirmothers’compassionatelove—andtheirphysiologicalregulation,andthattheseworklike“internalandexternalsupportsfortheabilitytoactprosociallythatbuildoneachother”.Inadditiontoobservingthechildren’spropensity(習(xí)性)todonatetheirgameearnings,Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforce(加強(qiáng))thegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”1．Howdoyoungchildrenlovedbytheirmothertendtobecomeinlateryears?A．Considerate. B．Emotional.C．Generous. D．Optimistic.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theprocessoftheresearch. B．Theresultoftheexperiment.C．Thereactionsofthechildren. D．TheimportanceofMom’slove.3．AccordingtoHastings,whatfactorcouldstrengthenchildren’sgoodbehaviors?A．Theirmomslovethemdeeply. B．Theydonatethetokenseasily.C．Theybehavephysiologically. D．Theyarecalmeraftersharing.4．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhatContributestoGenerosity?B．TheMoreYouGive,theCalmerYouWillBeC．DoYouPrefertoReceiveorGive?D．MoreGiving,LessReceiving【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹在小時(shí)候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認(rèn)同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。1．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認(rèn)同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)母親慈悲之愛(ài)和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過(guò)慷慨對(duì)待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。）可知，早期受到母親關(guān)愛(ài)的孩子后期往往變得更加慷慨。選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C。2．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了對(duì)74名學(xué)齡前兒童進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)。首先在實(shí)驗(yàn)室針對(duì)兩種情況對(duì)他們進(jìn)行模仿測(cè)試，兩年后又對(duì)這些母子的行為和反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。說(shuō)明本段介紹的是研究的過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。3．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforcethegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”（Hastings認(rèn)為，“分享后處于更平靜的狀態(tài)可以加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)生那種良好感覺(jué)的慷慨行為”）可知，分享后更平靜的狀態(tài)可以加強(qiáng)慷慨行為，選項(xiàng)D與文意相符，故選D。4．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperienced...generoustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)母親慈悲之愛(ài)和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過(guò)慷慨對(duì)待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。）可知，文章介紹的是小時(shí)候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認(rèn)同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。選項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。BDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.【2022嘉定二模】CargoBikesBringHometheGoodsSincethefirstlockdown(封鎖),increasingnumbersofcompanieshavestarteddeliveringtheirproductsonelectriccargobikes.AccordingtotheBroughtbyBike,therearenearly450independentbusinessesandtradespeopleacrosstheUKdeliveringgoodstocustomersusingelectricityandpedal(踏板)power.TheBikeDropwasestablishedintheearlydaysofthepandemic(疫情)tohelpbusinessesstrugglingtoreachcustomers.“Therewasinterestassoonasweopened.Companieswantedtochoosethegreeneroptionfordeliverieswhilecustomerslovedhavingtheirshoppingdeliveredbybike—andwealllovehavingcleaner,quieter,saferstreets,”saidHarryMcKeown,themanagingdirectoroftheBikeDrop.Duringthefirstmonthoflockdownthegrocerysectorrecordeda91%increaseinhomedeliveries.McKeownsaiddemandfortheirdeliveryservicesstartedhighandhadcontinuedtoclimb.“Wesoonhad13employeesdeliveringitemsfor36localbusinesses,”hesaid.“Wenowhaveagroupofelectricbikesthathavemadeover6,500individualpickupsanddeliveriesforlocalbusinesses,cycledover10,000kilometersandsavedmorethan2,300kilosofCO2.”E-cargobikescanmovequicklythroughcitystreets,meaningtheyareabletodeliverpackages60%fasterthantheirvanequivalents.Theyarecleaner—savingabout90%incarbonemissions—quieter,andcuttrafficjamsasabikeusesasmallpartoftheroadspaceofavan.Therearealsoagrowingnumberofelectriccargobikescoveringremoteareas:CargodalestarteddeliveringinthevalleysofWestYorkshireandhasexperiencedabusinessboom.TheCargodaleco-founderBeateKubitzsaid:“Iliveinaruralareaandwhenlockdownhappenedandhomedeliveriesincreased,Isawparadesofvanscomingdownmylittlelane,destroyingthedelicat