非謂語動詞講解

非謂語動詞考點總結(jié)非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.非謂語動詞的句法功能名稱語法功能主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語狀語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√可充當成分:主語 ,賓語,賓語補足語,表語,定語,狀語.一、不定式

不定式運用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。大家千萬要當心，有時它把句型改，作主賓時用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個感官三使役，賓補要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。不定式在七個感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個使役動詞let,have,make等后作賓補時,to要省略1.不定式作主語Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．2.不定式作賓語Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter. A．liking B．tobelike C．tolike D．tobeliking2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.不定式作表語Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingis

totakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)

HeistomarryRose.表按計劃要做的事情.4.不定式作定語Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.5.不定式作賓語補足語Weoftenhearher

singthesongathome.Myteacheraskedme

togothereontime.Shewasconsidered

tohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMyadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetaking B.metakingC.formetotake D.metotake6.不定式作目的狀語Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相當于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語.1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas. A．inordertohavereceived B．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceived D．soastobereceiving 3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．Tofindout B．FindingoutC．Findout D．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars. A.had B.having C.tohave D.have7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用enoughto，sufficient充足to，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞…astodo引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft. tofind B.findingC.found D.tohavefound8.不定式作原因狀語常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等動詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。（說話時已等了很久）1.Youweresillynot____yourcar.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.----IsBobstillperforming? ----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleft B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft10.不定式的省略現(xiàn)象不定式在感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動詞have,make,let后作賓語補足語時,不定式省略to。

例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介詞but,except,besides后接不定式作賓語時，介詞前有行為動詞do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.

不定式符號to作表語時的省略。當主語部分有行為動詞do,作表語的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.

A.haveitdo

B.haveitdone

C.havedoneit

D.havingitdone

2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.

A.totake

B.taking

C.take

D.taken11.不定式后動詞的省略動詞love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保留to不定式符號。1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.

---______.

A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.

B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.

C.No,Iwouldn’t

D.That’sallright

2.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?

---Yes,heintends________.

A./

B.to

C.so

D.that

句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式為wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。

例---Areyouasailor?

---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdon’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going

D.havinggone二、動名詞充當成分:

主語賓語表語定語1.動名詞作主語Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.2.動名詞作表語Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.動名詞作賓語①下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Doyoumind

myopeningthewindows?②下列動詞短語接動名詞：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.動名詞作定語動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstickrunningwaterdevelopingcountry

IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having練習(xí)3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.充當成分:賓語補足語,表語,定語,狀語.（一）現(xiàn)在分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。V-ing形式作狀語,可表時間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義,相當于一個對應(yīng)的狀語從句所表達的意思.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴隨）解析1.當v-ing形式作狀語時，若它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主語保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Thoughitweighes…注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式havingdone。②語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進行，被動完成”。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。1.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated D．Tobeseparated2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung2．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.formC.forming D.havingformed3.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt（二）過去分詞1.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，相當于一個狀語從句，用來說明原因、時間、條件等。分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語。a、表示時間Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示條件Kept

inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewas

beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.1．______withthesizeofthewholeearth,

thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A．CompareB．WhencomparingC．ComparingD．Whencompared2.________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.Havinglost B.LostC.Beinglost D.Losing2.過去分詞作定語1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowing B.knownC.beingknown D.tobeknown3.分詞作賓補1)跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如:1.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非謂語動詞的其他考點:1.主語一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2．Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+名詞+doingtododone1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__________.A.goingon B.goesonC.wenton D.togoon2．________andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure非謂語動詞練習(xí)–Canyousparemesometime?–I'mafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_____.doingwith B.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcan'tunderstand_____atthatpoorchild.youtolaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaugh D.whylaughDon’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02beingknown B.havingknown C.tobeknown D.known_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.02A.Exposed B.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.03thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03taking B.takenC.totake D.tobetaken______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.03A.that,tobeimproved B.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingThedaywelookedforwardto______.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecordedShesetoutsoonafterdark,

homeanhourlater.A．a(chǎn)rrivingB．toarriveC．havingarrivedD．a(chǎn)ndarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.A．isB．beingC．havebeenD．tobe_____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05Put B.PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_____,istruerthananyother.A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained

D.whilegainingThefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.havingbeenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.addedThebell_____theendoftheclassrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.01indicating,interrupting B.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interrupted D.indicated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_____andleftheroff.tohavestolen B.tobestealingC.tosteal D.stealingTheoldman,_________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.

A.towork