外研版高中英語book3module5

Module5

GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina類別基礎梳理核心單詞1.___________(n.)原則；準則2.__________(n.)職位3.__________(vt.)強調(diào)4._________(vi.)辭職5.__________(n.)公正6.____________(n.)狀況；條件；環(huán)境7.________(adj.)平等的→_________(n.)平等principlepositionstressresignjusticeconditionequalequality類別基礎梳理核心單詞8.________(n.)秩序→__________(adj.)秩序井然的9.___________(adj.)有影響的→___________(n.&v.)影響10._________(n.)誠實→_______(adj.)誠實的11.____________(n.)貢獻→___________(v.)貢獻；捐獻12.___________(n.)爭論；辯論；議論→__________(v.)爭論，爭辯orderorderlyinfluentialinfluencehonestyhonestcontributioncontributeargumentargue高頻短語1.____________與……相似2._______________與……交戰(zhàn)3._____________養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)4._________________與……不同5._____________________對……感興趣6._______________________責任感7.________________________為……自豪8._____________總之9._______________首次，第一次10.________叫醒besimilartobeatwarwithbringupbedifferentfrombecomeinterestedinasenseofresponsibilitybeproudof/takeprideininconclusionforthefirsttimewakeup經(jīng)典句型1.Treatothers____________________youwanttobetreated.已所不欲，勿施于人。2.AncientChinawas______________________stateswereoften______________eachother.古代中國各諸侯國之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭。inthewayaplacewhereatwarwith經(jīng)典句型3.Menciusbelievedthat_______________________manisdifferentfromanimals_____________manisgood.孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人性善。4.________________________youneedtobeabitmadtobeaninventor.據(jù)說要想成為發(fā)明家，得需要一點瘋狂和著迷。thereasonwhyisthatTheysaythat輕松闖關Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Ican'tthankyouenoughforyour________(善良).答案：kindness2.Thegeneral________(原則)isthateducationshouldbeavailabletoallchildrenuptotheageof16.答案：principle3.I'mnotsurewhatIwoulddoifIwereinyour________(職位).答案：position4.Thereport________(強調(diào))thatstudentsneedtoimprovemathskills.答案：stressed5.Deweywas________(有影響的)inshapingeconomicpolicy.答案：influential6.Theybelievethatallworkisof________(平等的)value.答案：equal7.Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisinexcellent________(狀況).答案：condition8.Theschoolseesitsjobaspreparingstudentstomakea________(貢獻)tosociety.答案：contribution9.Ibrokethevaseduringan________(爭論)withmyhusband.答案：argument10.Thegovernmentwasaccusedofusingthelawtorestrictindividual________(自身).答案：freedomⅡ.完成句子1.曾經(jīng)有一個時期，婦女不被允許參加運動會。Therewas________________________womenwerenot________totakepartinsportsmeet.答案：atimewhen；allowed2.北京市的人口比濟南的人口多。ThepopulationofBeijing________________________________ofJinan.答案：islarger/biggerthanthat3.我們應該了解最新的信息。Weshouldkeepourselves________________________.答案：informedoflatestinformation4.他由于健康原因不得不放棄教學工作。Hehadtogiveupteaching________________________________health.答案：forthereasonof5.她因為孩子們不規(guī)矩而感到羞愧。She________________________herchildren'sbadbehaviour.答案：wasashamedof

equalvt.等于，比得上；adj.相等的，勝任的；n.同等的人或物(1)equal＋n.(in＋n.)(在……方面)比得上，與……匹敵；與……相等(2)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；能勝任beequalwith與……平等equalpayforequalwork同工同酬(3)without(an)equal無人可比的(4)equallyadv.同樣地；相等地equalityn．相等；平等①Apoundisroughlyequalto500grams.1磅約等于500克。②Noneofusequalhiminstrength.在力氣方面，我們誰也比不上他。③HispaintingsarewithoutequalintheWesternworld.他的畫在西方世界首屈一指。Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.婦女要求同工同酬。I’mnotequaltotheposition.我勝任不了那個職位。Fiveplusthreeequalseight.五加三等于八。Iconsiderhertobemyequal.我把她看作我的對手。 完成句子①瑪麗和比爾頭腦一樣聰明。

MaryisequaltoBillinbrains.MaryequalsBillinbrains.②他的畫在西方世界首屈一指。HispaintingsarewithoutequalintheWesternWorld.1．Heisnot________tothepositionandwe’dbettergetsomebodyelsetodoit.A．fit

B．goodC．equal D．interested【解析】

beequalto勝任的。該句意為“他勝任不了那個職位，我們最好另找他人做這件事”。【答案】

C1．Runningacompanyisnot________amatterofhiringpeopie—theyalsoneedtobetrained.A．simply

B．partlyC．seriously D．equally解析：句意是：經(jīng)營一家公司不僅僅是雇傭工人的問題——他們也需要被培訓。simply“僅僅；簡單地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“嚴肅地”；equally“相同地”。答案：A2．Fitnessisimportantinsport，butofatleast________importanceareskills.A．fail B．reasonableC．equal D．proper解析：該題考查形容詞作定語的用法。應注意根據(jù)句意選用意義恰當?shù)男稳菰~。該句的正常語序為“

butskillsareofatleast________importance”。equalimportance表示“同等重要的”。答案：C2．ordern．次序，順序；秩序；整齊；命令；訂購；訂單；點飯(菜)

vt.命令；訂購；安排(1)inorderof以……的順序inorder井然有序；適宜的inordertodo...為了……inorderthat...為了……outoforder紊亂的；出故障的ingoodorder處于良好狀態(tài)keeporder維持秩序placeanorderforsth.with(sb.)

和(某人)訂購某物give/takeorders下達/接受命令putsth.inoder把……放整齊(2)ordersb.todosth./orderdoingsth.命令(某人)做某事orderthat...(should)＋動詞原形命令……ordersb.sth.＝ordersth.forsb.為某人訂購……①Hegaveordersfortheworktobestartedimmediately.他發(fā)出指示要立即開始工作。②Thedoctororderedmetotakearestforamonth.＝ThedoctororderedthatI(should)takearestforamonth.醫(yī)生指示我要休息一個月。③Thephoneisoutoforder.

電話壞了。④

Someteachersfinditdifficulttokeeporderinclasses.許多老師發(fā)現(xiàn)課堂秩序很難維持。⑤

Pleasearrangethethinginorderofthesize.請按照尺寸的大小排序。Nowhehasachanceputhislifebackinorder.現(xiàn)在他有機會使他的生活恢復正常了。I'dliketoplaceanorderforsometeawithyou.我想從貴公司訂購一些茶葉. 完成句子①這本書我想訂十冊。Iwouldliketoplaceanorderfortencopiesofthisbook.②我的鬧鐘壞了，今天早晨3點就把我叫醒了。Myclockwasoutoforderandwokemeupat3o’clockthismorning.③離開辦公室前，他把文件整理了一下。Heputhispapersinorderbeforehelefttheoffice.3.完成句子(1)他命令戰(zhàn)士們開火。Heorderedthesoldierstofire.(2)他們要求每砍伐一棵樹就要補栽兩棵樹。Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore(should)beplanted.2．Hishouseiswelldesignedandeverythinginsideitisputin________.A．line B．orderC．sight D．way【解析】他的房子設計得很好，里面的每一件東西都放得井井有條?！敬鸢浮?/p>

B3．Heorderedthatthework________atonce.A．started B．wasstartedC．start D．bestarted解析：order表示“命令”，后跟定語從句，從句要用虛擬語氣，即sb.shoulddo...，其中should可以省略，本句中因為從句的主語為thework，所以應用被動語態(tài)(should)bestarted。本句意為“他下令立即開展工作。”答案：D4．Johnsavedhismoney________hecanbuyabicycle.A．incase B．inorderthatC．inorderto D．a(chǎn)sthough解析：考查inorderthat引導目的狀語從句的用法。本句意為“約翰為了買自行車把錢都存了起來?！眎ncase表示“以防；萬一”；asthough表示“好像”，與題意不符；而若選C則應表達為inordertobuyabicycle。答案：B3．contributionn．[C]貢獻，投稿；[U]捐獻，捐助；[C]捐獻的物品(或錢)①Allthemoneytothefloodedareashasbeenraisedbyvoluntarycontributions.所有去災區(qū)的錢都是靠自愿捐獻籌措的。②Thisweek'sissuehascontributionsfromseveralwell-respectedjournalists.這期周刊有幾位德高望重的新聞記者的稿件。③Peoplerememberhimforhiscontributionstothecountry.人們因為他對這個國家的貢獻而記住他。makeacontributionto巧學助記①Doessmokingcontributetolungcancer?吸煙會導致肺癌嗎？②Hehasmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofourcompany.他對我們公司的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻。③HecontributedalotofmoneytotheHopeProject.他捐很多錢給希望工程。④Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.適度的運動有益健康。5．Wecanseemonumentshereandthere.Thosewhohavemadeagreat________tohumanbeingsandsocietywillneverbeforgotten.A．a(chǎn)dvance B．progressC．contribution D．a(chǎn)chievement解析：考查詞義辯析。achievement指“成就”；progress指“進步”；advance指“前進，進步”；這里makeacontributionto表示“為……作出貢獻”。本句意為“我們到處可見紀念碑，那些為人類和社會作出巨大貢獻的人將永垂不朽?！彼赃xC。答案：C4．resignv．辭職；辭去(職務)n.辭去(職務)(1)resignfrom...從……辭去職務resignone'spost/position辭職resignoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己安于(做)某事(尤其指無法避免的不愉快的事)；順從，聽從resign...to...把……托付給……(2)resignedadj.已辭職的；已放棄的，順從的beresignedtosth./doingsth.心甘情愿①Iresignmyselftoyourguidance.我聽從你的指導。②Sheseemsresignedtonothavingaholidaythisyear.她對今年不休假似乎并無怨言。

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thechairmandecidedto_____.A.retire B.retreatC.withdraw D.resign【解析】選D。resign“辭職”符合題意。retire“退休”，指由于達到法定年齡而不再從事該工作。retreat“退卻；撤退”，常用于部隊、軍隊上的撤軍；withdraw“收回；撤退”，常用于文件等方面。5．conditionn．狀況；條件；環(huán)境；社會地位living/workingconditions居住/工作環(huán)境oncondition(that)在……條件下；倘若onnocondition一點也不，絕不beingoodcondition狀態(tài)良好beoutofcondition身體不適①Walktoworkeverydayandyou'llsoonbebackingoodcondition.每天步行去上班，你就會很快恢復健康的。②RonlentmethemoneyonconditionthatIpayitbacknextmonth.羅恩把錢借給我，條件是下月歸還。③Onnoconditiondoeshegiveintotheenemy.他絕不會向敵人屈服。Onnoconditionshouldyougiveup.你決不應該放棄。 用condition/state/situation填空①I’vehadnoexerciseforages;I’mreallyoutofcondition.②Thepresentsituationcallsfornewmeasures.③Wemustkeepupagoodstateofmindwheneverweareintrouble.(1)Thehospitaldescribedits

as“satisfactory”whilehefelttherewassomethingwrong.A.conditionB.stateC.energyD.position

解析

condition條件；state狀態(tài)；energy

能量；position職位；位置。句意為：這家醫(yī)院自稱條件“令人滿意”，然而他卻感到有不對勁的地方。A4．Ronlentmethemoneyon________thatIpayitbacknextmonth.A．condition B．conditionsC．state D．situation【解析】

onconditionthat在……條件下。句意為：羅恩把錢借給我，條件是下個月我還給他。【答案】

A1.It’simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.［2011哈爾濱模擬］A.situationB.expressionC.conditionD.translation【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。situation情景,形勢;expression表達,表情;condition狀況,環(huán)境,條件;translation翻譯。句意:在語言學習中我們要根據(jù)情景使用單詞或短語,這是非常重要的。stressn．壓力，重壓；強調(diào)；重音；vt.著重；強調(diào)；重讀(1)lay/place/putstresson把重點放在……上；在……上用力underthestressof為……所迫understress在壓力之下cause/reducestress造成/減少壓力(2)stresstheimportanceof強調(diào)……的重要性(3)stressfuladj.產(chǎn)生壓力的，使緊迫的，緊張的①Heisundergreatstressbecauseofhisnewjob.新工作使他感受到沉重的壓力。②Theteacherlaidparticularstressontheneedfordiscipline.老師特別強調(diào)紀律的必要性。③ImuststressthatwhatIsaymustbekeptasasecret.我強調(diào)我說的話必須保密。④Shefindshernewteachingjobverystressful.她覺得新的教學工作非常緊張。Hestolesomebreadunderthestressofhungerandwasbeatenblackandblue.為饑餓所迫他偷了一些面包，被打得青一塊紫一塊。

Myparentslaygreatstressonhonesty,whichIappreciate.我父母非常看重誠實的品質(zhì);我很欣賞這一點?；顚W活用Peopleunderalotof

mayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.A.forceB.stressC.powerD.strength解析

stress壓力;force武力;power動力;strength力氣；力量。understress在壓力之下。B1．beatwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)(1)acivil/coldwar內(nèi)戰(zhàn)/冷戰(zhàn)make/declarewaron...對……宣戰(zhàn)gotowar訴諸武力，出征，宣戰(zhàn)，進入戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)(2)“at＋n.”構成短語，表示“處于一種什么樣的狀態(tài)”atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)atrest在休息atrisk在冒險atwork在工作attable在吃飯atsea在航海；茫然，不知所措①Thecountryhasbeenatwarwithitsneighbourfortwoyears.

這個國家與鄰國已打了兩年仗了。②Thegovernmenthasdeclaredwarondrugdealers.政府已向販毒分子宣戰(zhàn)。③GermanyhasbeenatpeacewithFranceforfiftyyears.德國與法國已和平相處了50年。Wehopethecanfindasolutionwithoutgoingtowar.我希望他們能找到不進行戰(zhàn)爭的解決辦法。 完成句子①Thecountryhasbeenatwarwith（與……交戰(zhàn)）itsneighboringcountryfortwoyears.②Peopleintheworlddon’twanttogotowar（訴諸武力）tosettletheinternationaldisputes. Ⅱ.單項填空1．PresidentObamadeclaredAmericawasnotandneverwouldbe________war________Islam.A．on；in B．a(chǎn)t；inC．with；at D．a(chǎn)t；with解析：beatwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)。答案：D1.Theyhadbeenat______warforfiveyears,andtherewasstillno______signofvictory.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a【解析】選C?？疾楣谠~與固定搭配。beatwar處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài),是固定短語,中間沒有冠詞。sign雖然是可數(shù)名詞,但其前面有no,就不需要冠詞了。因為no=nota/notany。5．Wouldn’titbe________wonderfulworldifallnationslivein________peacewithoneanother?A．a(chǎn)；/ B．the；/C．a(chǎn)；the D．the；the【解析】

awonderfulworld一個美好的世界，inpeace和平地(相處)?！敬鸢浮?/p>

A2．bringup養(yǎng)育；教育；提出(話題)；嘔吐①Helefthertobringuptheiryoungchildrenonherown.他留下她獨自撫養(yǎng)他們年幼的孩子。②Hisnewsuggestionwasbroughtupatthemeeting.他的新議案在會議上被提出來。③Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadatmidnight.他喝醉了，半夜里把吃的東西都吐了。bringforward提出(論點、問題等)bringabout引起，導致(事故、變化等)bringalong隨身攜帶bringback歸還；帶回；(事物)使記起bringdown使倒下；弄倒；降低bringin吸引；引進；賺得bringout使罷工；使顯現(xiàn)；闡明；出版

④Whatbroughtaboutthechangeinhisattitude?是什么使他改變了態(tài)度？⑤Thephotographsbroughtbackmanypleasantmemories.那些照片給人帶來很多美好的回憶。Theteachersshouldbringinthenewteachingmethods.教師應該引進新的教學方法。

Oncethepoisonis____,thereisnofurtherdanger.A.broughtup B.broughtinC.broughtback D.broughtabout【解析】選A。句意為：一旦把毒藥吐出，就不會有更多危險。bringup“吐出；養(yǎng)育”；bringin“引進”；bringback“歸還”；bringabout“引起；導致”。活學活用I’mallforfamilies,andforchildrenbeing

insecure,lovingenvironment.A.pickedupB.endedupC.broughtupD.takenup解析

bringup撫養(yǎng);pickup拾起;用車接；endup結束；takeup拿起；從事；占(時間、空間等)。句意為:我是為了整個家庭，為了孩子們能在一個無慮的、愛的環(huán)境中成長。C2．Hewas________byhisauntinasmallmountainvillage.A．grownup B．comeupC．broughtup D．broughtabout解析：growup和comeup分別意為“長大”和“被提出來”，是不及物動詞短語，都不能用于被動語態(tài)；bringabout表示“引起；導致”；bringup是及物動詞短語，表示“撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育”。本句意為“他由他的姑姑在一個小山村撫養(yǎng)長大?！贝鸢福篊3．Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether，whichseemeddifficultatfirst，has________manygoodchangesintheirlives.A．gotthrough B．grewupC．turnedinto D．broughtabout解析：getthrough表示“穿過；完成”；growup表示“長大”；turninto表示“變?yōu)椤保籦ringabout表示“引起；導致”。本句意為“他的每周進行家庭聚餐的主意，起初似乎很困難，但給他們的生活帶來了一些好的變化?！贝鸢福篋2．Youngchildrenshouldbe________tobehonestandequal.A．broughtup B．broughtoutC．broughtdown D．broughtin【解析】

bringupsb.todo教養(yǎng)……使之能……。句意為：應該教導小孩子誠實和平等?！敬鸢浮?/p>

A3．Agreatdealofscienceandtechniquehasbeen________sinceChinacarried________reformandopenpolicy.A．broughtdown；on B．broughtin；outC．broughtout；out D．broughtup；on【解析】動詞短語辨析題。carryon繼續(xù)進行，進行下去；carryout實行，執(zhí)行。句意為“自從中國實行改革開放以來，大量的科學技術被引進”?！耙M，吸收”應用bringin?！敬鸢浮?/p>

Binconclusion總之；總而言之(1)reach/draw/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出結論,下結論(2)concludev．結束；下結論；推斷concludethat＝drawaconclusionthat下結論toconclude總而言之，總之，最后作插入語①Inconclusion，Ithinkthebestwaytomakeafriendistobeone.總之，我認為交朋友最好的辦法是去做一個朋友。②Thedebatedidnotcometoaconclusionuntilmidnight.辯論直到午夜才結束。③Wecametotheconclusionthattheroommusthavebeenempty.=Weconcludedthattheroommusthavebeenempty.我們的結論是：那個房間當時一定是空的。1．—Annseemstobeupset.What’sup?—She________fromthevoiceonthelinethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.A．includes B．concludesC．suggests D．contains【解析】

答句意為：她根據(jù)電話中的聲音斷定母親對她的考試成績不滿意?！敬鸢浮?/p>

B活學活用(1)

,Iwouldliketothankthedirectorandthesponsor.A.InallB.ForallC.InconclusionD.Toconclude

解析inall總共，總計；forall盡管；

inconclusion總之；toconclude總而言之。C2.Heisacutler(刀具商)—______,amanwhosellsknivesandsharptools.A.inconclusionB.ingeneralC.what’smoreD.thatistosay【解析】選D。句意：他是個刀具商——也就是說,他是一個賣刀和鋒利器具的人。inconclusion總之;ingeneral一般說來;what’smore而且;thatistosay也就是說。3．forthefirsttime第一次(在句中作時間狀語)thefirsttime第一次(引導時間狀語從句)Itistimeforsb.todosth.Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.

shoulddo第二個句型用一般過去時表達虛擬語氣，表示“是該某人做某事的時候了”。Itisthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat從句謂語has/havedoneItwasthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat從句謂語haddoneThe+序數(shù)詞+n+todo①ThefirsttimeIsawher,Ifellinlovewithher.=WhenIsawherforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithher.我第一次看見她，我就愛上了她。②It’stimetogotobed.該到睡覺的時間了。It’s(high)timethatyoucleanedtheclassroom.=It’s(high)timethatyoushouldcleantheclassroom.該到你打掃教室的時間了。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeentoBeijing.這是我第一次到北京。Iwasthefirstpersontowintheprize.我是第一個贏得這個獎的人。Ⅰ.選詞填空wakeup，bringup，takepridein，inconclusion，contributeto，beatwar1．Whyarethosetwocountriesstill________．2．Acoldshowersoon________you________．3．Variousfactors________hisfailure.4．Mary________herlonghair.5．Lincoln________byhisstep-motherafterhismotherdied.6．IaminterestedinthebookanditisaboutthesubjectIlike.________，I'dliketotakeit.答案：1.atwar

2.woke；up

3.contributedto4．takespridein

5.wasbroughtup

6.Inconclusion1．Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.已所不欲，勿施于人。way此處意為“方式，方法”，它后面的定語從句的引導詞在從句中作狀語時，可以用that或inwhich來引導，that或inwhich也可以省略。①Ihatethewayshealwayscriticizesme.我討厭她一貫批評我的方式。②Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。③Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)，wecansolvethisproblem?你能找出一種我們能夠解決這個問題的方法嗎？(2)theway跟定語從句，若關系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則用that或which引導。③Heofferedsomewaysthat/whichworkedverywellinpractice.他提供了一些辦法，這些辦法在實踐中很有效。④Thewaythat/whichyouthoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasgood.你想出的解決問題的辦法很好。

Ifyoudoit_____,youaresuretomakerapidprogress.A.ontheway B.bythewayC.inaway D.inthisway【解析】選D。inthisway意為“以這種方法”，A項意為“在……途中”，B項意為“順便說一下”，C項意為“在某種程度上”，故A、B、C項均不符合題意。本句意為“如果你用這種方法做的話，你肯定會取得很快的進步”。3．Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．intheway B．inthewaythatC．theway D．thewaywhich【解析】

not...but...連接的前后兩部分應是并列成分，not后面所接的what引導的名詞性從句決定了but后面應該是名詞，所以排除A項和B項；theway作先行詞，后面的連接詞可以是that或inwhich或省略連接詞，故C項正確。【答案】

C2．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人性善。believe后是that引導的賓語從句，從句中使用thereasonwhy/for...isthat...句式，其中why引導的是定語從句；is后的that引導的是表語從句。①Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisthathewasill.他缺席的原因是他病了。②TheonlyreasonIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.我去的唯一的理由是想見見你的朋友們。ThereasonwhyIboughtonewasthatitwassocheap.我買了一個的原因是價錢很便宜?！咎貏e提示】

reason用作定語從句先行詞時，首先判斷reason在定語從句中作什么成分，如果作狀語，則要使用關系副詞why或forwhich引導定語從句，而且why有時可省略；如作主語或賓語，則使用關系代詞that/which引導定語從句。Ididn'tbelievethereasonthat/whichhegaveme.我不相信他給我的理由。We’dliketoknowthe